RALGDS
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
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{{Infobox_gene}}
Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that is encoded by the RALGDS gene in humans.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hofer F, Fields S, Schneider C, Martin GS | title = Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 91 | issue = 23 | pages = 11089–93 | date = December 1994 | pmid = 7972015 | pmc = 45172 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11089 | bibcode = 1994PNAS...9111089H | doi-access = free }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RALGDS ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5900}}
Interactions
RALGDS has been shown to interact with:
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- Arrestin beta 1,
- Arrestin beta 2,{{cite journal | vauthors = Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS | title = Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization | journal = Nat. Cell Biol. | volume = 4 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–55 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12105416 | doi = 10.1038/ncb821 | s2cid = 20784208 }}
- HRAS,{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitin NY, Ramocki MB, Zullo AJ, Der CJ, Konieczny SF, Taparowsky EJ | title = Identification and characterization of rain, a novel Ras-interacting protein with a unique subcellular localization | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 279 | issue = 21 | pages = 22353–61 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15031288 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M312867200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Miller MJ, Prigent S, Kupperman E, Rioux L, Park SH, Feramisco JR, White MA, Rutkowski JL, Meinkoth JL | title = RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 9 | pages = 5600–5 | date = February 1997 | pmid = 9038168 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez-Viciana P, Warne PH, Khwaja A, Marte BM, Pappin D, Das P, Waterfield MD, Ridley A, Downward J | title = Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras | journal = Cell | volume = 89 | issue = 3 | pages = 457–67 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9150145 | doi = 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80226-3| s2cid = 14459536 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Stang S, Bottorff D, Stone JC | title = Interaction of activated Ras with Raf-1 alone may be sufficient for transformation of rat2 cells | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 3047–55 | date = June 1997 | pmid = 9154803 | pmc = 232157 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.17.6.3047}}
- KRAS,{{cite journal | vauthors = Li W, Han M, Guan KL | title = The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex with Ras and Raf | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 14 | issue = 8 | pages = 895–900 | date = April 2000 | doi = 10.1101/gad.14.8.895 | pmid = 10783161 | pmc = 316541 }}
- MRAS,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kimmelman A, Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi MV, Osada M, Chan AM | title = Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution | journal = Oncogene | volume = 15 | issue = 22 | pages = 2675–85 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9400994 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201674 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ehrhardt GR, Leslie KB, Lee F, Wieler JS, Schrader JW | title = M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line | journal = Blood | volume = 94 | issue = 7 | pages = 2433–44 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10498616 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V94.7.2433.419k31_2433_2444| s2cid = 40024826 }}
- RAP1A,{{cite journal | vauthors = Boettner B, Govek EE, Cross J, Van Aelst L | title = The junctional multidomain protein AF-6 is a binding partner of the Rap1A GTPase and associates with the actin cytoskeletal regulator profilin | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 97 | issue = 16 | pages = 9064–9 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10922060 | pmc = 16822 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9064| bibcode = 2000PNAS...97.9064B | doi-access = free }}
- RAP2A,{{cite journal | vauthors = Nancy V, Wolthuis RM, de Tand MF, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bos JL, de Gunzburg J | title = Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 8737–45 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10085114 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737| doi-access =free }}
- RAPGEF2, and
- RRAS.{{cite journal | vauthors = Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR | title = Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 91 | issue = 26 | pages = 12609–13 | date = December 1994 | pmid = 7809086 | pmc = 45488 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609| bibcode = 1994PNAS...9112609S | doi-access = free }}
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References
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Further reading
{{refbegin | 2}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR | title = Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 91 | issue = 26 | pages = 12609–13 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7809086 | pmc = 45488 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609 | bibcode = 1994PNAS...9112609S | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Albright CF, Giddings BW, Liu J, Vito M, Weinberg RA | title = Characterization of a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for a ras-related GTPase | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 339–47 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8094051 | pmc = 413211 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05662.x}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Urano T, Emkey R, Feig LA | title = Ral-GTPases mediate a distinct downstream signaling pathway from Ras that facilitates cellular transformation | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 810–6 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8631302 | pmc = 450279 | doi = 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00416.x}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Miller MJ, Prigent S, Kupperman E, Rioux L, Park SH, Feramisco JR, White MA, Rutkowski JL, Meinkoth JL | title = RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 9 | pages = 5600–5 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9038168 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Fukunaga R, Hunter T | title = MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 16 | issue = 8 | pages = 1921–33 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9155018 | pmc = 1169795 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Geyer M, Herrmann C, Wohlgemuth S, Wittinghofer A, Kalbitzer HR | title = Structure of the Ras-binding domain of RalGEF and implications for Ras binding and signalling | journal = Nat. Struct. Biol. | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 694–9 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9302994 | doi = 10.1038/nsb0997-694 | s2cid = 3189922 | hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-0024-AF7E-E | hdl-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Humphrey D, Kwiatkowska J, Henske EP, Haines JL, Halley D, van Slegtenhorst M, Kwiatkowski DJ | title = Cloning and evaluation of RALGDS as a candidate for the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 | journal = Ann. Hum. Genet. | volume = 61 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 299–305 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9365783 | doi = 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6140299.x | s2cid = 20453717 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Kimmelman A, Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi MV, Osada M, Chan AM | title = Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution | journal = Oncogene | volume = 15 | issue = 22 | pages = 2675–85 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9400994 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1201674 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Shirouzu M, Morinaka K, Koyama S, Hu CD, Hori-Tamura N, Okada T, Kariya K, Kataoka T, Kikuchi A, Yokoyama S | title = Interactions of the amino acid residue at position 31 of the c-Ha-Ras protein with Raf-1 and RalGDS | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 13 | pages = 7737–42 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9516482 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7737 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Okada S, Matsuda M, Anafi M, Pawson T, Pessin JE | title = Insulin regulates the dynamic balance between Ras and Rap1 signaling by coordinating the assembly states of the Grb2-SOS and CrkII-C3G complexes | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 17 | issue = 9 | pages = 2554–65 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9564038 | pmc = 1170597 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.9.2554 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Nancy V, Wolthuis RM, de Tand MF, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bos JL, de Gunzburg J | title = Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 8737–45 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10085114 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737 | doi-access =free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Ehrhardt GR, Leslie KB, Lee F, Wieler JS, Schrader JW | title = M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line | journal = Blood | volume = 94 | issue = 7 | pages = 2433–44 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10498616 | doi = 10.1182/blood.V94.7.2433.419k31_2433_2444| s2cid = 40024826 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Shao H, Kadono-Okuda K, Finlin BS, Andres DA | title = Biochemical characterization of the Ras-related GTPases Rit and Rin | journal = Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | volume = 371 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–19 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10545207 | doi = 10.1006/abbi.1999.1448 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y, Sun X, Dai F, Hu P, Fu Q, Geng Z | title = [Refined chromosome assignment of human novel H-RalGDS gene on chromosome 9q34.1 by using radiation hybrid genebridge 4 panel] | journal = Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–5 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10653898 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI, Hirosawa M, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Res. | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–73 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10718198 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/7.1.65 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Fu Q, Mao N, Hu P, Geng Z, Zhao S | title = Structure characterization of human RalGDS gene, and the identification of its novel variant | journal = Mol. Biol. Rep. | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 209–16 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11455956 | doi = 10.1023/A:1011043122220 | s2cid = 7866224 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Murphy GA, Graham SM, Morita S, Reks SE, Rogers-Graham K, Vojtek A, Kelley GG, Der CJ | title = Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not RalGDS, in TC21/R-Ras2-mediated transformation | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 12 | pages = 9966–75 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11788587 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M109059200 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Ramírez de Molina A, Penalva V, Lucas L, Lacal JC | title = Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K | journal = Oncogene | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 937–46 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11840339 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1205144 | s2cid = 20848629 | doi-access = }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Tian X, Rusanescu G, Hou W, Schaffhausen B, Feig LA | title = PDK1 mediates growth factor-induced Ral-GEF activation by a kinase-independent mechanism | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 1327–38 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11889038 | pmc = 125928 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/21.6.1327 }}
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