REPowerEU

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EU set out to stop fossil fuel imports from Russia. The EU imposed sanctions on coal and oil, but did not immediately do this for gas, as it was highly dependent for that fuel on Russia. At the same time, Russia threatened to stop or cut off Europe's supply of fossil fuels.{{cite journal |last1=McWilliams |first1=Ben |last2=Sgaravatti |first2=Giovanni |last3=Tagliapietra |first3=Simone |last4=Zachmann |first4=Georg |title=The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas |date=2023 |url=https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/274230 |publisher=Bruegel Policy Brief}} Energy prices in the EU rose sharply after the invasion.{{cite book |last1=Ari |first1=Mr Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbqAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Surging Energy Prices in Europe in the Aftermath of the War: How to Support the Vulnerable and Speed Up the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels |last2=Arregui |first2=Mr Nicolas |last3=Black |first3=Mr Simon |last4=Celasun |first4=Oya |last5=Iakova |first5=Ms Dora M. |last6=Mineshima |first6=Ms Aiko |last7=Mylonas |first7=Victor |last8=Parry |first8=Ian W. H. |last9=Teodoru |first9=Iulia |date=29 July 2022 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |isbn=979-8-4002-1459-2 |language=en |last10=Zhunussova |first10=Karlygash}}

Gas security is a combined responsibility of Member States and the Commission, but the sudden phase out of Russian gas, created a supply crisis, which triggered the availability and affordability crisis in the market.Joëlle Elvinger. "Special report 09/2024: Security of the supply of gas in the EU". European Court of Auditors The REpowerEU plan aims to establish new pipeline agreements and secure critical raw materials necessary for renewable technologies.Taydaş, Anıl Ömer (24 August 2024). [Anıl, Ömer, Taydaş. (2024). 1. REPowerEU as a Crisis Response: Immediate Diversification and Green Transition. Ekonomi, işletme ve maliye araştırmaları dergisi, doi: 10.38009/ekimad.1502909 "REPowerEU as a Crisis Response: Immediate Diversification and Green Transition"]. Ekonomi İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6 (Özel Sayı 1): 79–86. doi:10.38009/ekimad.1502909. ISSN 2667-503X.

The REPowerEU has three major goals:

1. Save energy
2. Diversify energy supplies away from Russia
3. Accelerate the deployment of green energy

REPowerEU sought short-term energy savings via an information campaign and prepared material for other institutions to do the same.{{Citation |last=European Commission |title=Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU 'Save Energy' |date=18 May 2022 |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2022:240:FIN&qid=1653033053936 |access-date=2025-01-23 |language=en}} The proposed Fit For 55 package had initially targetted a 9% reduction in final energy use by 2030. The REPowerEU proposal updated this to 13%, but the final adopted Energy Efficiency Directive had a 11.7% reduction.{{Cite web |last=CGEP |first=Columbia |date=2024-07-18 |title=REPowerEU Tracker |url=https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/publications/repowereu-tracker/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University SIPA {{!}} CGEP |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=European Green Deal: Energy Efficiency Directive adopted, helping make the EU ‘Fit for 55’ - European Commission |url=https://energy.ec.europa.eu/news/european-green-deal-energy-efficiency-directive-adopted-helping-make-eu-fit-55-2023-07-25_en |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=energy.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}

In 2021, almost 45% of EU's aggregate demand was covered by Russia, the remaining part was imported from the rest of the world. By 2023, this ratio has decreased dramatically to 15%, which shows the commitment of the European Commission to reduce the reliance of Europe on Russia.REPowerEU - 2 years on

In April 2023, the European Commission launched an aggregate demand and supply programme to meet the total demand of EU's 27 member states. This plan will enable the European Union to create interconnection with the United Kingdom, Western Balkan and North African countries to find alternative energy sources, including a liquefied natural gas (LNG) and renewable energy agreement.Banas, Dmytro; Melnyk, Tetiana (1 July 2024). [Daniel, A., Banas., Tetiana, Melnyk. (2024). 2. Transformacja sektora energetycznego Unii Europejskiej. Problemy Ekorozwoju, doi: 10.35784/preko.6015 "The Transformation of the European Union's Energy Sector"]. Problemy Ekorozwoju. 19 (2): 293–308

REPowerEU sought to increase clean energy. As part of this, it set the goal to double solar PV capacity by 2025 and have 600 GW by 2030. New rules were introduced to make solar panels mandatory for new buildings. A doubling in the deployment rate of heat pumps, which use electricity rather than gas to heat houses, was also agreed. Other goals related to the speed of permitting, biomethane usage and green hydrogen.{{Cite web |title=REPowerEU: A plan to rapidly reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and fast forward the green transition* |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_3131 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=European Commission}} In October, the EU agreed to increase its ambition for renewables from 40% in 2030 to 42.5%, and strive to 45%.{{Cite web |title=EC expands REPowerEU Plan |url=https://knowledge.energyinst.org/new-energy-world/article?id=138783 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Energy Institute |language=en}}

The European Commission estimated that between 2022 and 2027, an additional €210 billion was needed to fund REPowerEU. In comparison, the fossil fuel imports from Russia had been over €100 billion each year. The main funding came from the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which is the EU stimulus package for economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Financing REPowerEU |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/attachment/872551/FS%20Financing%20REPowerEU.pdf |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=European Commission}} Additional funding comes from selling some permits under the EU Emissions Tradings System earlier than planned, and by using money from the Innovation Fund.{{Cite web |last=Marcos |first=Marina |date=2023-02-21 |title=REPowerEU: additional grants of €20 billion {{!}} FI Group Grants |url=https://grants.fi-group.com/repowereu-additional-grants-e20-billion-rrf/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Grants FI GROUP |language=en-US}}

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