RGS14

RGS14 is a member of the regulator of G protein signalling family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized.

Increasing the expression of the RGS14 protein in the V2 secondary visual cortex of mice promotes the conversion of short-term to long-term object-recognition memory.{{cite journal | vauthors = López-Aranda MF, López-Téllez JF, Navarro-Lobato I, Masmudi-Martín M, Gutiérrez A, Khan ZU | title = Role of layer 6 of V2 visual cortex in object-recognition memory | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5936 | pages = 87–9 |date=July 2009 | pmid = 19574389 | doi = 10.1126/science.1170869 | bibcode = 2009Sci...325...87L | s2cid = 23990759}}

• {{cite web |author=Annalee Newitz |date=July 2, 2009 |title=A Drug That Could Give You Perfect Visual Memory |website=io9 |url=http://io9.com/5306489/a-drug-that-could-give-you-perfect-visual-memory}} Conversely RGS14 is enriched in CA2 pyramidal neurons and suppresses synaptic plasticity of these synapses and hippocampal-based learning and memory.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee SE, Simons SB, Heldt SA, Zhao M, Schroeder JP, Vellano CP, Cowan DP, Ramineni S, Yates CK, Feng Y, Smith Y, Sweatt JD, Weinshenker D, Ressler KJ, Dudek SM, Hepler JR | title = RGS14 is a natural suppressor of both synaptic plasticity in CA2 neurons and hippocampal-based learning and memory | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 107| issue = 39| pages = 16994–8|date=September 2010 | pmid = 20837545 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1005362107 | pmc=2947872| bibcode = 2010PNAS..10716994L | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite web |date=18 September 2010 |title=Gene limits learning and memory in mice |website=MedicalDaily |url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/news/20100918/2064/gene-limits-learning-and-memory-in-mice.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920232602/http://www.medicaldaily.com/news/20100918/2064/gene-limits-learning-and-memory-in-mice.htm |archive-date=2010-09-20}}

RGS14 has been shown to interact with:

• GNAI1{{cite journal | vauthors = Kimple RJ, De Vries L, Tronchère H, Behe CI, Morris RA, Gist Farquhar M, Siderovski DP | title = RGS12 and RGS14 GoLoco motifs are G alpha(i) interaction sites with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Activity | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 31 | pages = 29275–81 |date=August 2001 | pmid = 11387333 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M103208200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Hollinger S, Taylor JB, Goldman EH, Hepler JR | title = RGS14 is a bifunctional regulator of Galphai/o activity that exists in multiple populations in brain | journal = J. Neurochem. | volume = 79 | issue = 5 | pages = 941–9 |date=December 2001 | pmid = 11739605 | doi = 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00629.x| s2cid = 22913974 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kimple RJ, Kimple ME, Betts L, Sondek J, Siderovski DP | title = Structural determinants for GoLoco-induced inhibition of nucleotide release by Galpha subunits | journal = Nature | volume = 416 | issue = 6883 | pages = 878–81 |date=April 2002 | pmid = 11976690 | doi = 10.1038/416878a | bibcode = 2002Natur.416..878K | s2cid = 4406208 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Shu FJ, Ramineni S, Amyot W, Hepler JR | title = Selective interactions between Gi alpha1 and Gi alpha3 and the GoLoco/GPR domain of RGS14 influence its dynamic subcellular localization | journal = Cell. Signal. | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 163–76 |date=January 2007 | pmid = 16870394 | doi = 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.002 }} and
• GNAI3.

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• {{cite journal |vauthors=Snow BE, Antonio L, Suggs S, etal |title=Molecular cloning and expression analysis of rat Rgs12 and Rgs14. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=233 |issue= 3 |pages= 770–7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9168931 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6537 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Traver S, Bidot C, Spassky N, etal |title=RGS14 is a novel Rap effector that preferentially regulates the GTPase activity of galphao. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=350 |issue= 1|pages= 19–29 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10926822 |doi= 10.1042/0264-6021:3500019| pmc=1221220 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Cho H, Kozasa T, Takekoshi K, etal |title=RGS14, a GTPase-activating protein for Gialpha, attenuates Gialpha- and G13alpha-mediated signaling pathways. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=58 |issue= 3 |pages= 569–76 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10953050 |doi= 10.1124/mol.58.3.569}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Hollinger S, Taylor JB, Goldman EH, Hepler JR |title=RGS14 is a bifunctional regulator of Gi/oalpha activity that exists in multiple populations in brain. |journal=Journal of Neurochemistry |volume=79 |issue= 5 |pages= 941–49 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11739605 |doi=10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00629.x |s2cid=22913974 |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Kimple RJ, De Vries L, Tronchère H, etal |title=RGS12 and RGS14 GoLoco motifs are G alpha(i) interaction sites with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Activity. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 31 |pages= 29275–81 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11387333 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M103208200 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Sierra DA, Gilbert DJ, Householder D, etal |title=Evolution of the regulators of G-protein signaling multigene family in mouse and human. |journal=Genomics |volume=79 |issue= 2 |pages= 177–85 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11829488 |doi= 10.1006/geno.2002.6693 |s2cid=16065132 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Kimple RJ, Kimple ME, Betts L, etal |title=Structural determinants for GoLoco-induced inhibition of nucleotide release by Galpha subunits. |journal=Nature |volume=416 |issue= 6883 |pages= 878–81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11976690 |doi= 10.1038/416878a |bibcode=2002Natur.416..878K |s2cid=4406208 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Hollinger S, Ramineni S, Hepler JR |title=Phosphorylation of RGS14 by protein kinase A potentiates its activity toward G alpha i. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=42 |issue= 3 |pages= 811–9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12534294 |doi= 10.1021/bi026664y }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Martin-McCaffrey L, Willard FS, Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ, etal |title=RGS14 is a mitotic spindle protein essential from the first division of the mammalian zygote. |journal=Dev. Cell |volume=7 |issue= 5 |pages= 763–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15525537 |doi= 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.004 |doi-access= free }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Martin-McCaffrey L, Willard FS, Pajak A, etal |title=RGS14 is a microtubule-associated protein. |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=4 |issue= 7 |pages= 953–60 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15917656 |doi= 10.4161/cc.4.7.1787|s2cid=37573929 |doi-access= }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 |bibcode=2005Natur.437.1173R |s2cid=4427026 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Shu FJ, Ramineni S, Amyot W, Hepler JR |title=Selective interactions between Gialpha1 and Gialpha3 and the GoLoco/GPR domain of RGS14 influence its dynamic subcellular localization. |journal=Cellular Signalling |volume=19 |issue= 1 |pages= 941–49 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16870394 |doi=10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Shu FJ, Ramineni S, Hepler JR |title=RGS14 is multifunctional scaffold that integrates G protein and Ras/Raf MAPkinase signaling pathways. |journal=Cellular Signalling |pages= in press |year= 2009 }}

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• {{PDBe-KB2|O43566|Regulator of G-protein signaling 14}}

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