Raëlian beliefs and practices
{{Short description|Beliefs of UFO religion}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Raëlism}}
Raëlian beliefs and practices are the concepts and principles of Raëlism, a new religious movement and UFO religion founded in 1974 by Claude Vorilhon, an auto racing journalist who changed his name to "Raël".{{cite book |author1-last=Palmer |author1-first=Susan J. |author1-link=Susan J. Palmer |author2-last=Sentes |author2-first=Bryan |year=2012 |chapter=The International Raëlian Movement |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RM0AAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |editor1-last=Hammer |editor1-first=Olav |editor1-link=Olav Hammer |editor2-last=Rothstein |editor2-first=Mikael |editor2-link=Mikael Rothstein |title=The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=167–183 |doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012 |isbn=978-0-521-19650-5 |lccn=2012015440 |s2cid=151563721}}{{cite book |author-last=Dericquebourg |author-first=Régis |author-link=Régis Dericquebourg |year=2021 |chapter=Rael and the Raelians |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkswEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA472 |editor-last=Zeller |editor-first=Ben |title=Handbook of UFO Religions |location=Leiden and Boston |publisher=Brill Publishers |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=20 |doi=10.1163/9789004435537_024 |isbn=978-90-04-43437-0 |issn=1874-6691 |pages=472–490|s2cid=239738621 }}[http://www.rael.free.fr/75/autopop.htm AutoPop, la revue des pilotes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223102539/http://www.rael.free.fr/75/autopop.htm |date=23 February 2007 }} Raël : Messie ou Menteur ?. Retrieved 20 June 2007.Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 135–136. The followers of the International Raëlian Movement believe in an advanced species of extraterrestrial aliens called Elohim who created life on Earth.Raël, Intelligent Design Raëlians are individualists who believe in sexual self-determination.Raël, Sensual Meditation As advocates of the universal ethic and world peace, they believe the world would be better if geniuses had an exclusive right to govern in what Rael terms Geniocracy.Raël, Geniocracy As believers of life in outer space, they hope that human scientists will follow the path of the Elohim by achieving space travel through the cosmos and creating life on other planets. As believers in the resurrection of Jesus through a scientific cloning process (which includes memory transfer) by the Elohim, they encourage scientific research to extend life through cloning;Raël, Yes to Human Cloning, p. 87. however, critics outside are doubtful of its possibility.[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec02/cloning_12-27.html "The Cloning Debate"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122095411/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec02/cloning_12-27.html |date=22 January 2014 }}, MacNeil/Lehrer Productions. 27 December 2002. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
Active followers of Raëlianism have exhibited their sex-positive feminism and pacifism through outdoor contacts such as parades.[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/photo/2006/05/01/2005052957 "raelity show"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702233504/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/photo/2006/05/01/2005052957 |date=2 July 2018 }}, Associated Press. Retrieved 13 March 2007.[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/chinese/news/newsid_2766000/27662791.stm&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/chinese/news/newsid_2766000/27662791.stm%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3DXmu Translation: "Global anti-war rallies map series"], Agence France-Presse. 15 March 2003. Retrieved 13 March 2007. The major initiation rite in the Raëlian Church is the baptism or Transmission of the Cellular Plan and is enacted by upper-level members in the Raëlian clergy known as guides.Palmer, pp. 58–59.
Beliefs
=Structure of the Universe=
Raël says that "everything is in everything". He says that, inside the atoms of living things, are living things that are made of atoms, which themselves contain living things that are made of atoms, and so on, to the infinitely small. The universe itself is contained in an atom inside of another universe, and so on, to the infinitely large. Because of the difference of mass, the activity of life inside of a living thing's atoms would undergo many millennia before enough time passes for that living thing to take a single step. Raëlians believe that the universe is infinite, and thus lacks a center. Because of this, one could not imagine where an ethereal soul would go, due to the universe's infinite nature. They believe that infinity exists in time as well as in space, for all levels of life.Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 153–155. Some of critics believe that rationally it is not possible to connect the chain to infinity, and finally this chain must lead somewhere.{{Cite web |title=چگونه میتوان نظرات فرقهی انحرافی رائیلیسم (ساخت انسان توسط موجودات فضایی) را نقد و رد کرد؟ - گنجینه پاسخ ها |url=https://mail.islamquest.net/fa/archive/fa87445 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=اسلام کوئست - مرجعی برای پاسخگویی به سوالات دینی، اعتقادی و شرعی |language=fa-ir}}
Raëlians believe that humanity would be able to create life on other planets only if humanity is peaceful enough to stop war. In that case, humanity could travel the distances between starsRaël, Intelligent Design, p. 159. and create life on another planet.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 70. Progress in terraforming, molecular biology,Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 293. and cloning would enable these teams to create continents and life from scratch.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 50. Progress in social engineering would ensure that this creation would have a better chance of both surviving and having the potential to understand its creators.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 153. Research on how civilization would occur on another planet would allow scientists to decide what traces of their origin should be left behind so that their role in life creation would someday be revealed.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 280. The progress achieved by the science teams would ultimately sustain a perpetual chain of life.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 91.
=Intelligent Design=
==Creation of life on Earth by extraterrestrials==
{{further|History of Raëlism}}
In his book The Message Given to me by Extraterrestrials (now republished as Intelligent Design: Message from the Designers 2006 {{ISBN|2-940252-20-3}}), Vorilhon claims that on 13 December 1973, he found a spacecraft shaped like a flattened bell that landed inside Puy de Lassolas, a volcano near the capital city of Auvergne. A 25,000-year-old human-like extraterrestrial inside the spacecraft named Yahweh said that Elohim was the name that primitive people of Earth called members of his extraterrestrial race, who were seen as "those who came from the sky". Yahweh explained that Earth was originally void of land, but the Elohim came, broke apart the clouds, exposed the seas to sunlight, built a continent, and synthesized a global ecosystem. Solar astronomy, terraformation, nanotechnology, and genetic engineering allowed Elohim to adapt life to Earth's thermal and chemical makeup.Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 11–15.
Yahweh gave materialistic explanations of the Garden of Eden, a large laboratory that was based on an artificially constructed continent;Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 279. Noah's Ark, a spaceship that preserved DNA that was used to resurrect animals through cloning;Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 20–22.Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 240–242, 280, 332. the Tower of Babel, a rocket that was supposed to reach the creators' planet;Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 22. and the Great Flood, the byproduct of a nuclear missile explosion that the Elohim sent.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 20. After tidal wave floods following the explosions receded, Elohim scattered the Israelites and had them speak the language of other tribes.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 23.
According to Vorilhon, Elohim contacted about forty people to act as their prophets on Earth,Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 165. including Moses,Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 114.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 312.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 324. Elijah, Ezekiel,Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 45–53. Buddha,Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 89.
John the Baptist,Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 293–306. Jesus,
Muhammad, and Joseph Smith. The religions thought to be from Elohimic origins include Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Mormonism.
According to Vorilhon, multiple religious texts indicate that the Elohim would return at the age of Apocalypse or Revelation (unveiling of the truth). Humans from another world would appear to drop down from the sky, and meet in the embassy that they have asked Raël to build for them, and share their advanced scientific knowledge with humanity. Thus, one of the stated main goals of the Raëlian movement is to inform as many people as possible about this extraterrestrial race.[https://web.archive.org/web/20030409164435/http://www.rael.org/english/pages/embassy/emb_overview.html "An Embassy for Extraterrestrials"], International Raëlian Movement. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
The controversy surrounding the origins of Raelian beliefs centers on the writings of several authors in the late 1960s. Jean Sendy, a French writer, translator, and author of books on the esoteric and UFOs wrote several novels detailing the creation of Earth by extraterrestrials. One of the best known researchers in this field is Erich von Däniken, the 'father' of the Ancient Astronauts theory, which postulates that Earth might have been visited by extraterrestrials in the remote past.
With the publication of Chariots of the Gods? in 1968, Erich von Däniken introduced the intervention theory to the general public. Von Däniken wrote that the technologies and religions of ancient civilizations were granted by extraterrestrials worshiped as gods. Von Däniken argued that only extraterrestrial intervention can explain the higher technological knowledge presumed to be essential for the production of ancient artifacts such as the Egyptian pyramids, Stonehenge and the Moai of Easter Island. Humans in ancient times considered this extraterrestrial high-tech to be supernatural and the aliens themselves to be 'gods'.[http://www.vandaniken.com "Chariots of the Gods"]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Chariots of the Gods. One can find direct parallels to the messages that Vorilhon claimed to have received and written about in his books. Marie-Hélène Parent, ex-guide Raëlian priest, describes Sendy and Vorilhon meeting several times for drinks and conversation throughout the years of 1973 and 1974, prior to Vorilhon's claimed extraterrestrial encounter.[http://www.raelian.com "Overview of Jean Sendy's works"]
==Humanity's chance of creating life on other planets==
Raëlians believe that humanity would be able to create life on other planets only if it is peaceful enough to stop war. If done, humanity could travel the distances between stars and create life on another planet. Progress in terraformation, molecular biology, and cloning would enable these teams to create continents and life from scratch. Progress in social engineering would ensure that this creation would have a better chance of both surviving as well as having the potential to understand its creators. Research on how globalization would occur on another planet would allow scientists to decide what traces of their origin should be left behind so that their role in life creation would someday be revealed. The progress achieved by the science teams would ultimately sustain a perpetual chain of life.
=A coming judgement=
Raëlians do not believe in reincarnation as dictated by mystical writings because they do not believe that an ethereal soul exists free of physical confinement.Raël, Intelligent Design, pp. 154–155. Instead the Raëlians think that advanced supercomputers of the Elohim are right now recording the memories and DNA of human beings.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 171. When Elohim release this information for the coming resurrection, people would be brought back from the dead and the judgments upon them would be realized based on actions in their past life. People excluded from physical recreation would include those who achieved nothing positive but were not evil.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 214. Vorilhon expressed an interest in cloning Hitler for war trials and retroactive punishment.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110516212715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-77067252.html "Cult Bids to Clone Hitler for War Trial"], Daily Record. 9 August 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2007. Raël also mentioned cloning as the solution to terrorism by suicide attacks, as the perpetrators would not be able to escape punishment by killing themselves if the Elohim recreated them after their attacks.[http://www.themaneater.com/stories/2001/9/21/cloning-solution-terrorism-some-say/ Cloning solution to terrorism, some say] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122607/http://www.themaneater.com/stories/2001/9/21/cloning-solution-terrorism-some-say/ |date=22 July 2011 }}, The Maneater. 21 September 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
Practices
=Initiation of new members=
The major initiation rite in the Raëlian Church is the "baptism" or "transmission of the cellular plan". That rite is enacted by upper-level members of the Raëlian clergy who are called "guides". Canadian sociologist Susan J. Palmer says that in 1979, Raël introduced the "Act of Apostasy" as an obligation for people who are preparing for their Raëlian baptism.Palmer, p. 60. CTV Television Network states that apostasy from other religions is required for new Raëlian members.Paredes, Noelle, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209150302/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20021227/raelians_backgrounder_021227/20021227/?hub=story&subhub=PrintStory "The Raelians: Roots, beliefs and future plans"], CTV Television Network. 27 December 2002. Retrieved 3 May 2007. Joining the Raëlian Church through transmission of the cellular plan happens only on certain days of the year. There are four of such days, all of which mark anniversaries in the Raëlian calendar.Palmer, p. 64.
The Raëlian baptism is known as "transmission of the cellular plan", where "cellular" refers to the organic cells of the body, and the "plan" refers to the genetic makeup of the individual. That Raëlian baptism involves a guide member laying water onto the forehead of the new member.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 334. That practice began on "the first Sunday in April"Palmer, p. 58. of 1976, when Raël baptized 40 Raëlians. Raëlians believe that their genetic information is recorded by a remote computer, and would become recognized during their final hour, when they will be judged by the extraterrestrial Elohim.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 175.
There is continuing debate on whether Raëlians can be identified as a cult. The government of France classifies the Raelian Movement as a "secte" (French word for cult). However, according to Glenn McGee, the associate director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Virginia, part of the sect is a cult, while the other part is a commercial website that collects large sums of money from people who are interested in human cloning.Thomasch, Paul, [https://web.archive.org/web/20030108015235/http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0%2C3604%2C865915%2C00.html "The sportswriter, the aliens, and a cult with 55,000 believers"], The Guardian. 28 December 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2007. The Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the United States Department of State,[http://state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24482.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223062427/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24482.htm |date=23 February 2010 }}, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 18 December 2003. Retrieved 6 August 2006. and sociologist Susan J. Palmer,Palmer, pp. 1–3. have classified the International Raëlian Movement as a religion.
=Activism=
Raëlians routinely advocate sex-positive feminism and genetically modified food and actively protest against wars in addition to the Catholic Church. For example, a photographer of the Associated Press snapped a picture of half-naked Raëlian women wearing pasties as part of an anti-war demonstration in Seoul, Korea. A snapshot by Agence France-Presse revealed Raëlians in white alien costumes with signs bearing the message "NO WAR ... ET wants Peace, too!". On 6 August 2003, the first day of Raëlian year 58 AH,[http://www.icacci.org/ International Committee Against Christian Calendar Imperialism], icacci.org. Retrieved 30 March 2007. a tech article on the USA Today newspaper mentions an "unlikely ally" of the Monsanto Company, the Raëlian Movement of Brazil. The movement gave vocal support in response to the company's support for genetically modified organisms particularly in their country. Brazilian farmers have been using Monsanto's genetically engineered soy plant as well as the glyphosate herbicide to which it was artificially adapted. The Raëlians spoke against the Brazilian government's ban on GMOs.[https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techpolicy/2003-08-06-raelians-biotech_x.htm "With friends like these, Monsanto needs no enemies"], USAToday.com. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
In July 2001, Raëlians on the streets attracted Italians and Swiss people as they gave leaflets in protest to over a hundred child molesters in existence among Roman Catholic clergy in France. They recommended that parents should not send their children to Catholic confession. The Episcopal vicar of Geneva sued the Raëlian Church for libel but did not win.Palmer, p. 91.[http://www.kath.ch/infosekten/text_detail.php?nemeid=6390 "The bishops react to the attacks anti-catholics of the Raëlian movement" (translated)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525184808/http://www.kath.ch/infosekten/text_detail.php?nemeid=6390 |date=25 May 2011 }}, Infosekten. 22 May 2001. Retrieved 1 August 2007. [https://www.kath.ch/infosekten/text_detail.php%3Fnemeid%3D6390%26prev%3D/search%3Fq%3DTracts%2Banti-pretres%2Bcatholiques%26hl%3Den (translated)]{{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The judge did not accept the charges for the reason that the Raëlians were not attacking the whole of the Catholic Church.
In October 2002, Raëlians in a Canadian anti-clerical parade held handed out Christian crosses to high school students. They were invited to burn the crosses in a park not far from Montreal's Mount Royal and to sign letters of apostasy from the Roman Catholic Church. The Quebec Association of Bishops called this "incitement to hatred", and several school boards attempted to prevent their students from meeting Raëlians.Palmer, p. 92.
==Topless Rights of Women==
Several Raëlian groups in the United States have organized annual protests, based upon their claim that women should have the same legal right to go topless in public, which men can do without fear of arrest for indecent exposure.[http://www.gotopless.org/], gotopless.org. Retrieved 23 August 2010. Some people have called that a publicity stunt that serves to recruit new members. "Go Topless Day" is their annual event, in which women protest while topless, except for nipple pasties to avoid arrest. That event is held near August 26th, which is the anniversary of the day that women were given the right to vote in the USA.[http://www.aolnews.com/weird-news/article/men-wear-bras-so-women-can-go-topless/19590056 "Men Wear Bras So Women Can Go Topless"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823183148/http://www.aolnews.com/weird-news/article/men-wear-bras-so-women-can-go-topless/19590056 |date=23 August 2010 }}, gotopless.com. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
Advocacy
=Embassy for Extraterrestrials=
Raëlians believe that life on earth—as well as many religions of the world—was the work of extraterrestrial influence. They believe these were scientists and that ancient people saw them as "gods" and gave the name "Elohim".Raël, p. 370.Sethi, Atul, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120527144413/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-12-09/special-report/27796347_1_ravana-daniken-theory "Was God an astronaut?"], Times of India. Retrieved 3 August 2007. Raëlians believe that the Embassy for Extraterrestrials or "Third Temple"Yoel Ben Assayag, [http://www.raelianews.org/download.php?view.169 A Dinner With the Messiah], Raelian Contact 320. 10 October 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2007.[http://www.raelianews.org/download.php?view.154 "Words of Our Beloved Prophet"], Raelian Contact 317. 24 August 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2007.[http://www.raelianews.org/download.php?view.12 "Our Beloved Prophet in Accra"], Raelian Contact 257. 4 January 2006. Retrieved 15 February 2007. is to support an official contact with Extraterrestrial Elohim and their messengers of the main religions at the "New Jerusalem".Uriel, [http://www.raelianews.org/download.php?view.34 "Invitation and welcoming with the Kimbangists"], Raelian Contact 269. Retrieved 15 February 2007. Writers who have influenced Raëlian beliefs include Zechariah Sitchin and Erich von Däniken.{{cite book|last=Genta|first=Giancarlo|title=Lonely Minds in the Universe: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence|year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-33925-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelymindsinuni0000gent/page/231 231]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelymindsinuni0000gent/page/231}}{{cite book|last=Colavito|first=Jason|title=The cult of alien gods: H.P. Lovecraft and extraterrestrial pop culture|year=2005|publisher=Prometheus|isbn=978-1-59102-352-4 |page=320}}
The International Raëlian Movement envisions having an entrance with an aseptic chamber leading to a conference room for twenty-one people as well as a dining room of the same capacity. In the plan are seven rooms for the purpose of receiving human guests into the embassy. The embassy building, along with the swimming pool, would be in the center of a large park and protected from trespassing by a wall−a maximum of two stories-to surround the entire complex's circumference. Trees and bushes are to be planted in the outskirts of the wall's area. The walls are to have a northern and southern entrance. The landing pad for the embassy should be able to fit a spaceship of twelve meters of diameter or 39'4" on its terrace. The terrace is to be above the rooms in the torus, which are for extraterrestrials only. The seven rooms directly underneath the landing pad would be protected from occupants of other rooms with a thick metal door. Finally, the International Raëlian Movement wants to avoid military and radar surveillance of the airspace above the embassy. Buildings for administration, food and water provisions, and state-of-the-art sanitation and communication systems are part of this vision.[https://web.archive.org/web/20030410013549/http://www.rael.org/english/pages/embassy/emb_plan.html "Elohim's Instructions"], International Raëlian Movement. Retrieved 17 July 2007. A nearby replica of the Raëlian Embassy for Extraterrestrials open to the public is expected to show visitors what it is like inside the real one.
In February 1991, the Raëlian Church modified their symbol to remove the swastika to help in negotiations with building the "Third Temple of Israel". The official reason given was a telepathic request from extraterrestrials called Elohim to change the symbol in order to help in negotiations with Israel for the building of a Raëlian "embassy" or "third temple of Israel" to greet the anticipated coming of extraterrestrials and founders of past religions, although the country still denies their request.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060829194959/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/rael.html Religious Movements Homepage: Raelians], University of Virginia. 11 April 2001. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
On 13 December 1997, the leader of the International Raëlian Movement had decided to extend the possibility of building the embassy outside of Jerusalem and also allow that a significant portion of the embassy property be covered with water. The area of the proposed embassy property is still envisioned at a minimum of 3.47 square kilometers, with a radius of at least 1.05 kilometers.[https://web.archive.org/web/20030409211345/http://www.rael.org/english/pages/embassy/emb_requirements.html "Ambassadorial Needs"], International Raëlian Movement. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
In 2005, the Israeli Raëlian Guide Kobi Drori stated that the Lebanese government was discussing proposals by the Raëlian movement to build their "interplanetary embassy" in Lebanon. However, one condition was that the Raëlians did not display their logo on top of the building because it mixes a swastika and a Star of David. According to Drori, the Raëlians involved declined this offer, as they wished to keep the symbol as is.Thomas, Amelia, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209143213/http://www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=19567&sec=42&cont=all "Raelians want to establish ET embassy in Jerusalem"], Middle East Times. 18 November 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
=Ideas of how government and the economy should run=
{{further|Geniocracy|Humanitarianism (Raëlianism)}}
According to the book Geniocracy, creating a peaceful worldwide political union requires a form of government that favors intelligence over mediocrity. While having a democratic electoral apparatus, it differs from traditional liberal democracy by requiring members of the electorate to meet a minimum standard of intelligence. The thresholds proposed by the Raëlians are 50% above average for a candidate and 10% above average for a voter.Raël, Geniocracy, p. 17-20. Raëlians believe that a world government is only possible through establishing a global currency, a common language, and a transformation of militaries of the world into civil police.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 100.
In Raël's book, Extraterrestrials took me to their Planet, Raël claims that an extraterrestrial gave him the idea of Humanitarianism. Under the establishment of Humanitarianism, people would not have ownership of businesses or exploitable goods created by others. Instead, people would rent each of them for a period of 49 years. The founders would be able to receive the rents for up to 49 years or when they die, whichever is later. Any rents not inherited by relatives after 49 years would go to the State.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 98. By balancing inheritances, children would be born with enough financial means to forsake menial tasks for endeavors that may benefit the whole of humanity. Family houses could be inherited from generation to generation, free of rent.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 97.
In his much later book, Maitreya, Raël says that the road to a world without money is capitalism and globalization, as opposed to communism. Capitalism would allow people who contribute much to society to also contribute to its scientific and technological development. Under capitalism, society would produce as much money as it can. The money would become important in the short run, as nanotechnology quickly lowers the cost of goods while putting many people out of work.Raël, Maitreya, pp. 217–218.
An anti-cult organization called Info-Cult argued that Geniocracy was a fascist ideology. However, Geniocracy is not a political party, because it allows for differing ideologies.Raël, Geniocracy, p. 21.
=Liberal sensuality=
{{further|Sensual Meditation}}
According to Vorilhon's book Sensual Meditation, one should develop the ability to break free of habitual thoughts that prevent one from appreciating everyday phenomena.Raël, Sensual Meditation, p. 66. The book describes in detail six different meditations involving making full use of the lungs' capacity to expand and contract, oxygenating the blood and the cells within, imagining heat travelling upwards from toe to the head, allowing the skin to feel under itself, and experiencing touch with another person's body and examining their figure.Raël, Sensual Meditation, pp. 90–91.
According to the book Maitreya by Vorilhon, love involves experiencing different varieties and possibilities that allow one to break habits in order to make life more pleasant and interestingRaël, Maitreya, pp. 19, 71, 99, 182, 251. and that it is the only thing that can stop war and injustice that persists in today's world.Raël, Maitreya, pp. 18, 165. Raëlians believe in the right to form new religions or new political parties as long as they do not promote violence.Raël, Maitreya, pp. 165, 137–141. As individualists, Raëlians believe that the one who gives the order to harm others is less at fault than the one who executes it.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 321.
Raëlians say they encourage adult homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual relationships and that society should recognize them legally.[http://www.nationalreview.com/kurtz/kurtz010203.asp Left Clones], National Review. Retrieved 9 September 2007. However, government authorities such as those in Switzerland fear that Raëlians are a threat to public morals for supporting liberalized sex education for children. The authorities believe that such liberalized sex education teaches youth how to obtain sexual gratification which would encourage sexual abuse of underage children.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223205421/http://www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=24268&sec=42&cont=all Cult leader Raël denied residence in Switzerland], Agence France-Presse. 19 February 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2007. {{dead link|date=December 2019}} The Raëlians disagree with those fears and stated that sex education done properly would involve educating parents as well as children.[http://raelianews.org/news.php?extend.235 "Pedophilia accusations are pure discrimination"], Raelianews.org. 23 August 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
Susan J. Palmer writes that in 1991, a French journalist went to a Raëlian Seminar and taped couples having sexual intercourse in tents. These tapes gained widespread publicity—with news stories describing these practices as perverted and a form of brainwashing.Susan J. Palmer, [http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/RINVol4No2/Rael.htm The Rael Deal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050615085304/http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/RINVol4No2/Rael.htm |date=15 June 2005 }}, Religion in the News, Summer 2001, Vol. 4, No. 2.
Since 1991, Raël's teachings on sexual intercourse have caused controversy among other religious groups. The next year, Catholic schools in Montreal, Canada objected to a proposed condom vending machine as contrary to their mission. In response, Raëlian guides gave the Catholic students ten thousand condoms. The Commissioner of Catholic schools for Montreal said they could do nothing to stop them. Around this time, Raëlians dubbed the event "Operation Condom".[https://web.archive.org/web/20010409153354/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/rael.html#operation%20condom Religious Movements Homepage: Raelians (paragraph on Operation Condom)], University of Virginia. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
=Cloning of humans=
{{further|Clonaid}}
In the scientific community, reproductive cloning refers only to the creation of a genetically identical living thing. "Genetically identical" does not mean altogether identical; this kind of cloning does not reproduce a living thing's memories or experiences, for example. However, in discussions of Raëlianism, cloning sometimes seems to refer not only to reproductive cloning, but also reproductive human cloning plus mind and/or brain transfer, or to a process of making adult clones.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 366. Raëlians take this even further and say that humanity can attain eternal life through the science of cloning.Raël, Yes to Human Cloning, pp. 35–37.
According to the book Yes to Human Cloning, the first stage of this extended cloning process is creating a human embryo through human cloning. Raëlian bishop and Clonaid CEO Brigitte Boisselier claimed that an American woman underwent a cloning procedure of this type that led to the birth of a girl named Eve on 26 December 2002. Vorilhon told lawmakers that banning the development of human cloning was comparable to outlawing medical advances such as "antibiotics, blood transfusions, and vaccines."
The second stage of cloning, according to Raëlians, is causing the clone to mature faster than normal. Raël says that in the future, scientists will discover an "accelerated-growth process"[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/12/30/cnna.cloning.rael/ Sect leader: Cloning is just the beginning] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105142009/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/12/30/cnna.cloning.rael/ |date=5 November 2007 }}, Cable News Network. 31 December 2002. Retrieved 2 August 2006. in which a process like guided self-assembly of rapidly expanded cells or even nanotechnological assembly of a whole human body can form in a very short time.
The third stage is the transfer of memory and personality from the original person to the mature clone. For the process to maintain one branch for personality and memory, as opposed to two, a recording of the individual's mind would be required before the time of death, and would be transferred to an adult clone body after the original has died.
In the final stages of development, hitherto unknown information contained within undamaged DNA would be enough to bring others back from the deadRaël, Intelligent Design, p. 167. including their memories and personality.Raël, Geniocracy, pp. 47, 78. This would be done by taking a small sample from someone's body and preserving it at the time when the level of the brain's efficiency and knowledge is highest. On the day of death, a cell would be taken from the sample for the cloning to take place, and the memories and personality would be restored to their peak level.Raël, Intelligent Design, p. 109.
The Raëlian Church has close links with the controversial company Clonaid. Brigitte Boisselier, a Raëlian and chief executive of Clonaid, made a controversial and unverified claim that a human baby was conceived through cloning technology.Gibbs, Nancy, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050419195141/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101030113-404254,00.html?cnn=yes "Abducting The Cloning Debate"], Time Magazine in partnership with CNN. 5 January 2003. Retrieved 12 May 2007. Around this time, Clonaid's subsidiary BioFusion Tech claimed to have in possession a cell fusion device that assisted the cloning of human embryos.[http://www.gene.ch/genet/2002/Jul/msg00035.html Human cloning firm sets up affiliate in Korea], Korea Herald. 13 July 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2002. The Vatican, however, says that experimenters expressed "brutal mentality" for attempting to clone human beings.[https://web.archive.org/web/20051114214451/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/12/28/cloning.vatican/index.html "Vatican slams 'brutal' clone claim"], CNN. 28 December 2002. Retrieved 29 April 2007. Pope John Paul II criticized the experiment which he believed threatened the dignity of human life.[https://www.foxnews.com/story/religious-leaders-condemn-report-of-cloned-baby "Religious Leaders Condemn Report of Cloned Baby"], CNN. Retrieved 29 April 2007. In response, the leader of the Raëlian Church dismissed the Pope's ethical concerns, calling them an "accumulation of religious prejudices."
See also
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
- Geniocracy
- History of Raëlism
- Raëlism
- Biogenesis
- Exotheology
- Directed Panspermia
- Brigitte Boisselier – French CEO of Clonaid
- Claude Vorilhon/Raël – French singer, guitarist, and former automobile journalist
- Glenn Carter – British singer, actor
- Nayah – French singer
{{div col end}}
References
{{reflist}}
=Cited texts=
- {{cite book |author-last=Dericquebourg |author-first=Régis |author-link=Régis Dericquebourg |year=2021 |chapter=Rael and the Raelians |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkswEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA472 |editor-last=Zeller |editor-first=Ben |title=Handbook of UFO Religions |location=Leiden and Boston |publisher=Brill Publishers |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=20 |doi=10.1163/9789004435537_024 |isbn=978-90-04-43437-0 |issn=1874-6691 |pages=472–490|s2cid=239738621 }}
- {{cite journal |last=Gregg |first=Stephen E. |date=September 2014 |title=Queer Jesus, straight angels: Complicating 'sexuality' and 'religion' in the International Raëlian Movement |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1363460714526129 |journal=Sexualities |publisher=SAGE Journals |volume=17 |issue=5–6 |pages=565–582 |doi=10.1177/1363460714526129 |issn=1461-7382 |hdl=2436/609871 |s2cid=147291471 |hdl-access=free |oclc=474576878}}
- {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |author-link=Susan J. Palmer |year=2014 |chapter=Raël's Angels: The First Five Years of a Secret Order |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZQMCgAAQBAJ |editor1-last=Bogdan |editor1-first=Henrik |editor2-last=Lewis |editor2-first=James R. |editor2-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Sexuality and New Religious Movements |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |series=Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities |pages=183–211 |doi=10.1057/9781137386434_9 |isbn=978-1-349-68146-4}}
- {{cite book |author1-last=Palmer |author1-first=Susan J. |author1-link=Susan J. Palmer |author2-last=Sentes |author2-first=Bryan |year=2012 |chapter=The International Raëlian Movement |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RM0AAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |editor1-last=Hammer |editor1-first=Olav |editor1-link=Olav Hammer |editor2-last=Rothstein |editor2-first=Mikael |editor2-link=Mikael Rothstein |title=The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=167–183 |doi=10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.012 |isbn=978-0-521-19650-5 |lccn=2012015440 |s2cid=151563721}}
- {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |author-link=Susan J. Palmer |year=2004 |title=Aliens Adored: Raël's UFO Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmCCxUJGi70C |location=New Brunswick, NJ |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=0-8135-3476-3 |lccn=2004000305}}
- {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |author-link=Susan J. Palmer |year=1995 |chapter=Women in the Raëlian Movement: New Religious Experiments in Gender and Authority |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KCEtC3xnzuAC&pg=PA105 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds |location=Albany, New York |publisher=SUNY Press |pages=105–136 |isbn=0-7914-2329-8}}
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.6 Geniocracy]. The Raëlian Foundation, 2004.
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.1 Intelligent Design]. Nova Distribution, 2006. {{ISBN|2-940252-20-3}}.
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.3 Maitreya]. The Raëlian Foundation, 2003.
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.5 Sensual Meditation]. Tagman Press, 2001.
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.2 Yes to Human Cloning: Immortality Thanks to Science]. Tagman Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-903571-05-7|1-903571-04-9}}.
Further reading
- The 2005 novel The Possibility of an Island – (translated by Gavin Bowd, original title La Possibilité d'une île) by the French writer, Michel Houellebecq is seen by reviewers as a description of Raëlism in the future.
- Raël, [http://rael.org/download.php?view.93 La géniocratie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227054947/http://rael.org/download.php?view.93 |date=27 December 2007 }}. L'Edition du message, 1977. {{ISBN|2-88395-003-2}}.
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2610795.stm Who are the Raëlians?] David Chazan, BBC News 2002.
- [http://raelian.com/en/jean_sendy.php The Raëlian books compared to Jean Sendy's]
- [http://raelian.com/ Testimonies by ex-Raelians] Site by former Raelian.
- {{Skeptoid|id=4059|number=59|date=4 August 2007|title=Who Are the Raelians, and Why Are They Naked?}}
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