Raúl Reyes
{{Short description|Colombian guerilla (1948–2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Family name hatnote|Devia|Silva|lang=Spanish}}
{{About||the Puerto Rican singer named Raul Reyes|Radio Pirata}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Raúl Reyes
| birth_name = Luis Edgar Devia Silva
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1948|9|30}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2008|3|1|1948|9|30}}
| birth_place = La Plata, Huila, Colombia
| death_place = near Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos, Ecuador
| image = Raulreyesfarc.png
| caption =
| nickname = Raúl Reyes
| allegiance = FARC
| rank = Member of the Central High Command
| unit = Southern Bloc
| battles = {{tree list}}
{{tree list/end}}
}}
Luis Edgar Devia Silva (30 September 1948 – 1 March 2008), better known by his nom de guerre Raúl Reyes, was a leader, Secretariat member, spokesperson, and advisor to the Southern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–People's Army (FARC–EP). He died during an attack by the Colombian army {{convert|1.8|km}} within Ecuador, sparking the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis involving Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.
Early years
Reyes was born in the Colombian town of La Plata, Huila Department.{{cite web|url=http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/actions/20040218.shtml|title=US Department of the Treasury|access-date=17 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004043722/http://ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/actions/20040218.shtml|archive-date=4 October 2008}} Devia Silva joined the Colombian Communist Youth (JUCO) when he was 16 years old. He later joined a trade union movement while working for a Nestlé milk plant in the department of Caquetá. Devia Silva served as councilman for his home town representing the Colombian Communist Party (PCC), and was also a member of the party's Central Committee.{{cite web |url=http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america_latina/story/168981.html |title=Un histórico líder que se tornó sanguinario |access-date=6 March 2008 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331120100/http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america_latina/story/168981.html |archive-date=31 March 2008 }} El Nuevo Herald. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
After becoming a member of FARC and joining its secretariat, Reyes became a prominent figure and spokesperson for the FARC,[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7273320.stm Farc aura of invincibility shattered.]. Retrieved 2 March 2008. number two man in the group's seven person ruling secretariat.{{cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/the-deadly-super-tucanos-of-south-america-32934b879627#.h2us2tiqg|title=The Deadly Super Tucanos of South America|author=Sebastien Roblin|work=War Is Boring|access-date=10 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916223009/https://warisboring.com/the-deadly-super-tucanos-of-south-america-32934b879627#.h2us2tiqg|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=dead}}
File:Karen Marón entrevista a Raúl Reyes. Comandante FARC. Los Pozos. El Caguán. Colombia.jpg
Reyes was accused by the US Department of State and the Colombian government of expanding FARC's cocaine trafficking activities and setting related policies, including the production, manufacture, and distribution of hundreds of tons of cocaine to the United States and other countries. He was accused of promoting the "taxation" of the illegal drug trade in Colombia to raise funds for the FARC.[https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/inl/narc/rewards/63841.htm Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs]
He had been formally sentenced in absence for the deaths of 13 policemen and 18 soldiers, 18 kidnappings and the deaths of a judge, a physician, three judicial auxiliaries, the ex-minister of Culture Consuelo Araújo, the congressman Diego Turbay and his mother, Catholic monsignor Isaías Duarte, Governor of Antioquia Guillermo Gaviria, the Colombian ex-minister Gilberto Echeverri, 11 members of the Valle del Cauca Assembly and at least four other persons. Most of these persons were kidnapped before their deaths. Gaviria, Echeverri and Araújo were killed by shots in the head when Colombian military forces stormed the camps where they were held by guerrilla insurgents. He was also found responsible for bombing Club El Nogal in Bogotá where 36 people were killed. The Government of Paraguay had asked for his extradition for his participation in the kidnapping and death of Cecilia Cubas, daughter of the ex-president of Paraguay, who was kidnapped on 21 September 2004, and whose body was found in an abandoned house in February 2005. Before his death the United States Department of State was offering a reward of up to US$5 million for information leading to his arrest. He was also included in Interpol's "red list".[http://www.2001.com.ve/noticias_2001online.asp?registro=88703&visit=1613&act=1 Muere el guerrillero de las FARC con mayor proyección internacional.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716152427/http://www.2001.com.ve/noticias_2001online.asp?registro=88703&visit=1613&act=1 |date=16 July 2011 }} Diario 2001. Consultado el 1 March 2008.{{cite news |title=Palapbras del Embajador Camilo Ospina, Embajador de Colombia Ante La OEA, Sesión del Consejo Permanente, 4 marzo del 2008 |url=http://media.elnuevoherald.com/smedia/2008/03/05/07/Declaracion_Colombia.source.prod_affiliate.84.doc |work=Miami Herald |date=5 March 2008 |access-date=6 March 2008 |archive-date=18 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118041607/http://media.elnuevoherald.com/smedia/2008/03/05/07/Declaracion_Colombia.source.prod_affiliate.84.doc |url-status=dead }}{{cite news|title=En la lista de Interpol |url=http://www.elcolombiano.com.co/BancoConocimiento/E/en_la_lista_de_interpol/en_la_lista_de_interpol.asp?CodSeccion=9 |work=El Colombiano |date= |access-date= 6 March 2008 }}
Colombian authorities believed that Raúl Reyes moved through the southern Colombian frontier, especially in Putumayo Department, along the border with Ecuador. In late 2006, his possible presence in Ecuadorian territory was denounced by Colombian President Álvaro Uribe, while Ecuador's authorities rejected the claim, admitting only temporary FARC "infiltrations".{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniverso.com/2006/10/31/0001/8/498DD0C96FB04CD8AFE406FD7768B0D1.aspx|title=El Universo|author=EL UNIVERSO|access-date=17 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221112/http://www.eluniverso.com/2006/10/31/0001/8/498DD0C96FB04CD8AFE406FD7768B0D1.aspx|archive-date=26 September 2007}} Colombian Army General German Galvis repeated this claim in October 2006.
Negotiations with Wall Street
In June 1999, during peace negotiations with the government of Andrés Pastrana, Reyes met in the Colombian savannah with Richard Grasso, then chairman of the New York Stock Exchange. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss investment opportunities for the FARC.{{cite news|title=Grasso meets Colombian rebel commander NYSE chief spells out benefits of peace|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3DBA36D634568&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |work=The Dallas Morning News |date= 28 June 1999 |access-date= 29 March 2008 | first=Mary | last=Morrison}} The two men were photographed in an embrace which became known as the "Grasso abrazo."{{Cite web| title=Two dancing men | url=http://img.scoop.co.nz/stories/images/0202/feb12fab54a8589b4b0e.jpeg | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711165829/http://img.scoop.co.nz/stories/images/0202/feb12fab54a8589b4b0e.jpeg | archive-date=2007-07-11}}{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0202/S00069.htm |title=The Real Deal: The Ultimate New Business Cold Call | Scoop News |publisher=Scoop.co.nz |date=18 February 2002 |access-date=19 October 2010}}
Death
{{main|2008 Andean diplomatic crisis}}
{{wikinews|FARC second-in-command killed by Colombian military}}
Reyes was killed during a Colombian military operation in Granada, Putumayo Department, on 1 March 2008, against an encampment situated near Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos, on the Ecuadorian side of the border along the Putumayo River.
Previously, in February 2008, the FBI and DEA had assisted the Colombian government in tracing a satellite phone call made by Reyes to Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez in which they discussed the release of hostages. Reyes’s location was traced to an encampment located a mile across Colombia’s southern border in neighboring Ecuador — the government of which had earlier denied reports of Reyes’s presence. The attack started at 00:25.[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23421855/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Colombian military says senior rebel commander killed in combat] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306013138/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23421855/print/1/displaymode/1098/ |date=6 March 2008 }} Reyes died after stepping on a FARC landmine while trying to flee the camp.[http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/primera/pulsonacional/documentan_muerte_de_reyes_por_minas/169649 Documentan muerte de Reyes por minas] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616141049/http://www.exonline.com.mx/diario/noticia/primera/pulsonacional/documentan_muerte_de_reyes_por_minas/169649 |date=16 June 2008 }}
The Colombian government acknowledged the killing of Reyes and 16 more guerrillas in a guerrilla camp {{convert|1.8|km}} inside Ecuador's border. The dead body was retrieved and transported to Colombian territory after the operation took place. Colombian soldier Carlos Edilson Hernández León was killed in action during the attack.{{cite web|url=http://www.ejercito.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=199203|title=Heroico soldado ofrenda la vida por la paz de Colombia. - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia|author=Micrositios Content Manager|work=Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia|access-date=17 December 2014}} According to a DPA report, Noticias Uno claimed that Hernández León died accidentally, due to a falling tree.[http://web.archive.org/web/20231117064656/https://www.telam.com.ar/vernota.php?tipo=N&dis=26&sec=5&idPub=97483&id=216742 El colombiano muerto en el ataque a las FARC no fue abatido por la organización] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531172943/http://www.telam.com.ar/vernota.php?tipo=N&dis=26&sec=5&idPub=97483&id=216742 |date=31 May 2011 }} – telam. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
According to the Ecuadorian government the attack happened {{convert|3|km}} from the border inside Ecuador’s territory, and it was a planned air strike followed by the incursion of Colombian troops transported by helicopters. The attack left a total of 20 guerrilla members dead in Ecuadorian territory, many of them wearing underwear or sleeping clothes. According to Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa, the Super Tucanos warplanes entered {{convert|10|km}} in Ecuador's territory and struck while flying north, followed by troops who came by helicopters and completed the operation.{{cite news|title=Correa: 'No permitiremos que este hecho quede en la impunidad'|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/03/03/internacional/1204515279.html |work=El Mundo |date= 3 March 2008 |access-date= 3 March 2008 }}
The Ecuadorian president announced that a diplomatic note would be sent in protest,{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/02/america/bogota.php|title=Ecuador's President protests Colombian incursion|work=The Hindu}} claiming that the action was a violation of Ecuador's airspace.{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/03/02/america/bogota.php|title=Colombia forces kill key member of rebel group FARC|publisher=International Herald Tribune}} Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez called the attack "a cowardly murder", and reacted by moving troops near the border with Colombia and recalling all personnel from the Venezuelan embassy in Colombia,[http://www.conservativepulse.com/home/2008/03/02/chavez-laments-killing-of-farc-commander/ Chavez laments killing of FARC commander] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019190103/http://www.conservativepulse.com/home/2008/03/02/chavez-laments-killing-of-farc-commander/ |date=19 October 2013 }} saying that doing something similar inside Venezuela would be a "cause for war".
Eventually the dispute did not escalate beyond a war of words. Diplomatic meetings and an apology from Colombian president Álvaro Uribe resolved the crisis a week later.
Aftermath
{{Main|FARC files}}
Colombian government officials have seized documents[http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/2008-05-04/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR-4139793.html Article en "El Tiempo" newspaper (Bogotá, May 4, 2008 – in Spanish) ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704132930/http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/2008-05-04/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR-4139793.html |date=4 July 2008 }} that, according to a spokesman for EX Colombian President Álvaro Uribe, show Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa "has a relationship and commitments with FARC", and, according to the Colombian National Police Director Oscar Naranjo, Reyes had met Ecuador's minister of internal security to discuss an "interest in making official relations with the FARC".{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7274222.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Americas - Colombia neighbours deploy troops|date=3 March 2008|access-date=17 December 2014}}
According to Colombian authorities, the three laptop computers seized were found to hold extensive information about the FARC, their operations and connections.{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04E1DF1638F937A25750C0A96E9C8B63&scp=7&sq=Raul+Reyes+&st=nyt|title=U.S. Studies Rebels' Data for Chvez Link|newspaper=The New York Times|date=14 March 2008|access-date=17 December 2014|last1=Barrionuevo|first1=Alexei}} The Colombian government handed over the three PCs and their ancillary devices to a team of Interpol experts, for a period of two weeks. Interpol's analysis had a limited scope, toward the sole objective of certifying whether the information was altered in any way by the Colombian government, and not to examine the contents of the documents themselves.{{Cite web |url=http://english.eluniversal.com/2008/05/05/en_pol_art_interpol-confirms-au_05A1556571.shtml |title="Interpol confirms authenticity of Raúl Reyes's computer files" = El Universal Online |access-date=5 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022233426/http://english.eluniversal.com/2008/05/05/en_pol_art_interpol-confirms-au_05A1556571.shtml |archive-date=22 October 2008 |url-status=dead }} The Interpol report{{cite web|url=http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=latinamericanhistory&cdn=education&tm=64&f=00&su=p504.1.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/PressReleases/PR2008/pdfPR200817/ipPublicReportNoCoverEN.pdf|title=Security Alert|access-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030072826/http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1%2FXJ&sdn=latinamericanhistory&cdn=education&tm=64&f=00&su=p504.1.336.ip_&tt=2&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FICPO%2FPressReleases%2FPR2008%2FpdfPR200817%2FipPublicReportNoCoverEN.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2010|url-status=dead}} concluded that the key documents were unmodified,
The Interpol's list of information recovered from the devices mentions over 30,000 written documents and more than 7,000 e-mail addresses.
On 15 June 2008, Interpol issued a new press release in response to a statement by Ecuador's Foreign Ministry that the international organization considered to be incorrect. The press release stated that "[Ecuador] inaccurately suggests that Interpol had not established whether the eight seized exhibits forensically examined by Interpol's computer forensic experts had been recovered by Colombian authorities on March 1, 2008 from a FARC camp or belonged to Raul Reyes. In fact, based on a review of all the information and material provided by Colombia, including a classified oral briefing, Interpol was able to satisfy itself, and clearly stated in its report, that the seized computer exhibits it was requested to forensically examine were taken from the FARC camp on March 1, 2008 and belonged to Raul Reyes."{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/public/ICPO/PressReleases/PR2008/PR200826.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619071832/http://www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/PressReleases/PR2008/PR200826.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 June 2008|title=INTERPOL media release. INTERPOL reaffirms key findings of its examination of seized FARC computers in response to efforts to distort conclusions.|publisher=Interpol|date=15 June 2008|access-date=10 July 2009}} Interpol also added "that validating the contents of the computer exhibits were not manipulated after their seizure by Colombian authorities is not in any way, shape or form the same as saying that the contents of the user files are true and accurate. Interpol therefore objects to those who suggest that Interpol's report validates the source and accuracy of any particular document or user file contained therein."
On 16 March 2010 Hugo Chávez admitted having had a meeting with Reyes at an indeterminate date during Pastrana's government.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8571232.stm|title=BBC News - Venezuela's Chavez 'held secret talks with Farc rebel'|date=16 March 2010|access-date=17 December 2014}}
References
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
Further reading
- {{cite news|title=Colombia's Magic Laptops|author=Daniel Denvir|date=3 November 2008|work=North American Congress on Latin America|url=https://nacla.org/node/5184}}
- {{cite news|title=Interview with FARC Commander Raul Reyes|author=Garry Leech|work=Colombia Journal|date=12 July 2007|url=http://colombiajournal.org/wordpress/interview-with-farc-commander-raul-reyes.htm}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{FARC-EP}}
{{Colombia conflict}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reyes, Raul}}