Rachel Nicol (physician)
{{Short description|American physician and cofounder of a Women's Fraternity}}
{{for|the swimmer|Rachel Nicol (swimmer)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Doctor
| name = Rachel Jane Nicol
| other_names = Rachel "Jennie" Nicol
| birth_date = 1845
| birth_place = Edgington, Illinois, USA
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = Monmouth College, B.A., Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, M.D.
| occupation = Physician
| death_date = 1881
| death_place = Zurich, Switzerland
| resting_place = Cedar Creek Presbyterian Church near Little York, Illinois
| known_for = Cofounder of the first national (American) women’s fraternity (aka sorority)
}}
Rachel Jane "Jennie" Nicol (1845–1881) was a founder of Pi Beta Phi and a physician. In 1867, she cofounded I.C. Sorosis at Monmouth College in Illinois, the first secret collegiate society for women patterned after men's fraternities, which later adopted the Greek name Pi Beta Phi (ΠΒΦ).{{Cite web |last=Clarke-Helmick |first=Elizabeth Allen |date=1915 |title=The History of Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, Page 27 {{!}} Document Viewer |url=http://www.mocavo.com/The-History-of-Pi-Beta-Phi-Fraternity-2/106190/27 |access-date=2023-04-19 |publisher=Pi Beta Phi Fraternity|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213702/http://www.mocavo.com/The-History-of-Pi-Beta-Phi-Fraternity-2/106190/27 |archive-date=2014-04-08 }}
Pi Beta Phi is now an international organization with over 300,000 members. At a time when there were only a few hundred women physicians in the United States{{Cite book|title = A Century of Higher Education for American Women|last = Newcomer|first = Mabel|publisher = Zenger Publishing Company|year = 1959|isbn = 9780892010028|location = New York|pages = }} she received her M.D. degree in 1879.{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2012 |editor-last=Becque |editor-first=Fran |title=Doctors who Wore Badges: Fraternity Women in Medicine 1867–1902 |url=https://www.franbecque.com/search/Doctors%20who%20Wore%20Badges/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Fraternity History & More |language=en-US}}
Early life
She was the second child, and the only daughter, among four children born to a Presbyterian farming couple from Ohio who emigrated to Edgington, Illinois (where she was born) and later moved to the village of Little York, Illinois.
Her father died in 1861. Her older brother, Drennan, drowned in the Mississippi river and her youngest brother David died in Tennessee on August 20, 1864, in the American Civil War. Her brother William would survive into old age.{{Cite journal |last=Rankin |first=Jeff |title=Jennie Nicol: Global Public Health Pioneer |url=https://issuu.com/monmouth/docs/monmouth_magazine_spring_2017-issuu |journal=Monmouth College Magazine |date=Spring 2017 |pages=20–22}}
Education
File:First Female Medical College of Pennsylvania Building.JPG
In 1864 Nicol enrolled in the Scientific Program at Monmouth College (Illinois) graduating in 1868. In her Junior year (third year) she cofounded the first women's fraternity I.C. Sorosis, later to become Pi Beta Phi. She was the first initiate of the new organization and was considered by the other founders to be a cofounder; she is listed as such in Pi Beta Phi history.
She continued her education at Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and graduated with an M.D. degree in 1879.{{Cite book |last=Becque |first=Frances DeSimone |title=Coeducation and the History of Women's Fraternities 1867–1902 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Carbondale (Dissertation) |year=2002 |location=Carbondale, Illinois |pages=155–163}} She then interned for a year at New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston.
Career and Death
In 1880, she sailed to Switzerland via Holland and Germany where she enrolled in the University of Zurich, and "attended two lectures daily and the remainder of the time devoting to the clinics and the hospitals; am also having practice work in the pathological laboratory…"{{Cite book|title = Recollections of Pioneer and Army Life|last = Jamison|first = Matthew H.|publisher = HardPress|year = 2012|isbn = 9781290401364|location = |pages = 28–29}} There she died an untimely death three months later from meningitis following a bout of pneumonia.{{Cite web |last=Rankin |first=Jeff |date=2017-04-22 |editor-last=Becque |editor-first=Fran |title=Jennie Nicol, M.D., Pi Beta Phi Founder, #notablesororitywomen |url=https://www.franbecque.com/jennie-nicol-m-d-pi-beta-phi-founder-amazingsororitywomen/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Fraternity History & More |language=en-US}}
Burial
Memorial
In her honor, Pi Beta Phi, the sorority she helped found, built and supplied the Jennie Nicol Memorial Health Center that operated in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, from 1922 until 1965.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Jennie Nicol Memorial Health Center |url=http://www.lib.utk.edu/arrowmont/Steve/Jennie%20Nicol%20Memorial%20Health%20Center,%206-19.pdf |accessdate=October 18, 2015 |website=The University Of Tennessee Knoxville |publisher=The University of Tennessee Library}}{{Cite web |title=Rachel Jane "Jennie" Nicol |url=http://warrencountyvirtualmuseum.com/main/exhibit_page/170 |accessdate=October 18, 2015 |website=Warren County Virtual Museum }}
References
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Category:Monmouth College alumni