Radical 11
{{Short description|Chinese character radical}}
{{distinguish|Radical 9{{!}}人}}
{{Infobox Kangxi radical
|11|uni=5165
|meaning=enter
|pny= rù
|bopo= ㄖㄨˋ
|gr= ruh
|wade= ju4
|jyutping= jap6
|yale= yahp
|poj= ji̍p
|onyomi= ニュウ nyū
|kunyomi= い-る i-ru
|jp=入頭/いりがしら irigashira
入屋根/いりやね iriyane
|hang= 들 deul
|hanja= 입 ip
|hanviet=nhập
}}
Radical 11 or radical enter ({{Lang|zh-Hant|入部}}) meaning "enter", "come in (to)", "join" is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 2 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 28 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
In Simplified Chinese, this radical is affiliated to radical 9 (Radical man, {{Lang|zh-hans|人}}), and many Chinese characters formerly consisted of {{Lang|zh-hans|入}} were adjusted and fell under radical man. While most Japanese dictionaries keep radical 11 as an independent radical, similar adjustments also happened in Japanese kanji simplification.
Evolution
入-oracle.svg|Oracle bone script character
入-bronze.svg|Bronze script character
入-bigseal.svg|Large seal script character
入-seal.svg|Small seal script character
Derived characters
| class="wikitable"
! Strokes !! Characters | |
| ---
| +0 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|入|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +1 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|兦|lang=zh-Hant}} (={{Linktext|亡|lang=zh-Hant}} -> 亠) |
| ---
| +2 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|內|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +3 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|㒰|lang=zh-Hant}} {{Linktext|㒱|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +4 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|㒲|lang=zh-Hant}} {{Linktext|全|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +5 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|㒳|lang=zh-Hant}} (=兩) {{Linktext|㒴|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +6 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|兩|lang=zh-Hant}} |
| ---
| +7 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|兪|lang=zh-Hant}}Kangxi (={{Linktext|俞|lang=zh-Hant}} -> 人) |
Variant forms
There is a design nuance in different printing typefaces for this radical. Traditionally, the second stroke {{Lang|ja|入}} starts with a short horizontal line in printing typeface. In handwriting form, the right-falling stroke goes more smoothly. The traditional typeface design is used in modern Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean typefaces. In Mainland China, after the adoption of Simplified Chinese and the new character forms, the standard printing typeface design for {{Lang|zh-cn|入}} was altered to look like its handwriting form. Depending on each font's design, either form could be used in Traditional Chinese typefaces and Simplified Chinese typefaces.
The short horizontal line exists only in printing typeface, not in any handwriting form.
| class="wikitable" |
| with a short line
!without the short line |
|---|
| style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"
|lang="ja"|入 |lang="zh-cn"|入 |
Sinogram
The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the kyōiku kanji or kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.{{Cite web |title=The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo |url=https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324010221/https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji |archive-date=March 24, 2022 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=www.kanshudo.com}} It is a first grade kanji.
==References==
{{reflist}}
Literature
- {{cite book|last= Fazzioli |first= Edoardo |others= calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko |title= Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters |year= 1987 |publisher= Abbeville Press |location= New York |isbn= 0-89659-774-1 }}
- Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, {{ISBN|978-7-5619-0204-2}}
- KangXi: [http://www.kangxizidian.com/kangxi/0125.gif page 125], character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1415
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 102, character 1
- Dae Jaweon: page 266, character 18
External links
{{Commons category|Radical 011}}
- [https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=5165 Unihan data for U+5165]
{{Kangxi Radicals}}