Radical 213
{{Short description|Chinese character radical}}
{{Kangxi Radical Infobox|213|uni=9F9C
|meaning=turtle
|pny= guī
|bopo= ㄍㄨㄟ
|wade= kuei1
|jyutping= gau1, gwai1, gwan1
|yale= gau1, gwai1, gwan1
|hi= キ, キュー ki, kyū
かめ kame
|kanji= 亀 kame
|hang= 거북 geobuk
|hanja= 귀, 구 gwi, gu
}}
Radical 213 meaning "turtle" is one of only two of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 16 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are only 24 characters (out of 40,000) to be found under this radical.
In Taoist cosmology, 龜 (Polyhedron) is the nature component of the Ba gua diagram 坎 Kǎn.
Characters with Radical 213
| class="wikitable"
! strokes !! character | |
| ---
| +0 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|龜}} {{Linktext|亀}} {{Linktext|龟}} |
| ---
| +5 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|龝}} |
| ---
| +12 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|龞}} |
| ---
| +21 | style="font-size: large;" | {{Linktext|𪛖}} |
{{Main|wikt:Wiktionary:Chinese radical index 龜}}
Variant characters
There are a number of variant characters that appear different but mean the same thing:
= Gallery =
File:Character Gui Oracle.svg|Oracle bone script form of radical 213
File:龜-bronze.svg|Bronze script form of radical 213
File:Radical 213 Guwen.jpg|Guwen version of radical 213 in Shuowen dictionary (seal script form of {{unichar|24563}})
File:Radical 213 Shuowen.jpg|Radical 213 in small seal script in the Shuowen
File:Character Gui1 Cler.svg|Radical 213 in clerical script
File:亀-red.png|Stroke order of Shinjitai of radical 213
File:Regular Style CJKV Radical 213 (4).svg|Radical 213 in Simplified Chinese
File:Variations of the 213th Chinese radical, gui 'tortoise'.png|Variants of the character 龜, collected {{Circa|1800}} from printed sources
= By typefont =
As a CJK Unified Ideograph, {{unichar|9F9C}} has seven separate reference glyphs shown in the Unicode code charts, no two of which are exactly identical:{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U4E00.pdf#page=530 |title=CJK Unified Ideographs |work=The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1 |institution=Unicode Consortium |year=2023}}
- "G" (Mainland China), for Traditional Chinese in Mainland China (i.e. the forms listed alongside their Simplified Chinese equivalents in the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters), as in the Guobiao standard GB/T 12345 (the form for Simplified Chinese is encoded separately; see below)
- "H" (Hong Kong) for use in Traditional Chinese
- "T" (Taiwan) for use in Traditional Chinese
- "J" (Japan) for Japanese kyūjitai (the form for Japanese shinjitai is encoded separately; see below)
- "K" (South Korea) for use in Korean hanja
- "KP" (North Korea) for use in Korean hanja
- "V" (Vietnam) for use in Vietnamese Hán Nôm
As such, appearance may subtly vary between fonts intended for different regions:
| class="wikitable" |
| scope=row|Region
!Mainland China (traditional) !Hong Kong !Taiwan !Japan (kyūjitai) !South Korea !North Korea{{efn|name=unlikelysupport|Unlikely to be displayed correctly.}} !Vietnam{{efn|name=unlikelysupport}} |
|---|
| Preview with local font{{efn|Appearance may vary depending on fonts installed and configured on your system.}}
|lang="zh-CN" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="zh-HK" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="zh-TW" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="ja" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="ko-KR" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="ko-KP" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |lang="vi-Hani" style="font-size:6em;font-family:serif;line-height:100%;"|龜 |
| colspan=8|Features of Unicode reference glyph{{efn|Does not necessarily match the system fonts used above.}} |
| Very top
|colspan=4|⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), crosses corner of box below |colspan=2|⺈ shape (like top of 鱼), does not cross corner of box below |
| Vertical strokes
|From bottom of upper box to tail |colspan=2|From top of upper box to bottom of turtleshell |From top of upper box to between turtleshell and tail |colspan=2|From top of upper box to tail |From bottom of upper box to tail |
| Horizontal strokes
|Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes |Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned |colspan=2|Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals |Legs and turtleshell separate strokes but aligned |Legs and turtleshell single strokes crossing verticals |Legs and turtleshell entirely separate strokes |
= In Unicode =
Due to an especially large number of variant forms associated with Radical 213, an exceptionally large number of Unicode characters exist displaying variants of the character itself, as opposed to derived characters.{{cite web |url=https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-road-to-ideograph-hell-6f50549b6d6e |last=Lunde |first=Ken |author-link=Ken Lunde |title=The Road to 'Ideograph Hell'… |website=Medium |date=2023-08-11}}
== Kangxi Radicals / CJK Radicals Supplement ==
{{further|Kangxi Radicals (Unicode block)|CJK Radicals Supplement}}
{{charmap
|2EF1|name1=CJK Radical Turtle
|2EF2|name2=CJK Radical J-Simplified Turtle
|2EF3|name3=CJK Radical C-Simplified Turtle
|2FD4|name4=Kangxi Radical Turtle
|map1=GB 18030
|map1char1=81 39 89 37
|map1char2=81 39 89 38
|map1char3=81 39 89 39
|map1char4=81 39 A0 34
|map2=EUC-TW{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu-data/main/charset/data/ucm/euc-tw-2014.ucm |title=euc-tw-2014.ucm - Update of EUC-TW based on IBM-964 |publisher=IBM / Unicode Consortium |work=ICU Data Repository |year=2014}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=554070&SN=&lang=en |title=[⻱] 8-7456 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=554071&SN=&lang=en |title=[⻲] 8-7457 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=554072&SN=&lang=en |title=[⻳] 8-7458 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
|map2char1=8E A8 F4 D6|map2char2=8E A8 F4 D7|map2char3=8E A8 F4 D8|map2char4=A9 B8
}}
== Unified Repertoire and Ordering (URO) ==
{{further|CJK Unified Ideographs (Unicode block)}}
{{charmap
|4E80|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-4E80
|9F9C|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-9F9C
|9F9F|name3=CJK Unified Ideograph-9F9F
|map1=EUC-CN{{cite web|url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CHINSIMP.TXT|title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Chinese Simplified encoding to Unicode 3.0 and later.|publisher=Apple, Inc}}
|map1char3=B9 EA
|map2char1=81 77
|map2char2=FD 94
|map2char3=B9 EA
|map3=EUC-KR{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm |title=IBM-970 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=International Components for Unicode}} / UHC{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP949.TXT |title=cp949 to Unicode table |last=Steele |first=Shawn |publisher=Microsoft / Unicode Consortium |date=2000}}
|map3char2=CF CF
|map4=Big5 (generic){{cite web |url=https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/big5_1984.txt |title=Big5:1984 vs Unicode mapping table |date=2002-02-24 |publisher=Mozilla Taiwan}}
|map4char2=C0 74
|map5=Big5-HKSCS{{cite web |url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html |title=big5 |work=Encoding Standard |publisher=WHATWG |last=van Kesteren |first=Anne |author-link=Anne van Kesteren}}
|map5char1=89 D0
|map5char2=C0 74
|map6=EUC-TW
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=938277&SN=&lang=en |title=[龟] 14-5125 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
|map6char1=8E A3 B9 EC
|map6char2=F3 BF
|map6char3=8E AE D1 A5
|map7=EUC-KPS-9566{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MISC/KPS9566.TXT |title=KPS 9566-2003 to Unicode |date=2011-04-27 |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium}}
|map7char2=D1 B7
|map8=KPS 10721
|map8char1=34 65
|map8char2=92 7E
|map9=Shift JIS{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT |title=Shift-JIS to Unicode |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-03-08}}
|map9char1=8B 54
|map9char2=EA 9D
|map10=EUC-JP{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm |title=EUC-JP-2007 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=International Components for Unicode}}
|map10char1=B5 B5
|map10char2=F3 FD
|namedref1=Moji Jōhō Kiban
|ref1char1=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ006424 MJ006424]
|ref1char2=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030155 MJ030155]{{efn|1=Additional Moji Jōhō Kiban identifiers for Ideographic Variation Sequences:{{plainlist|1=
- [https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030154 MJ030154]
- [https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030156 MJ030156]
- [https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030157 MJ030157]
- [https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030158 MJ030158]
- [https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ059288 MJ059288]}}}}
}}
== CJK Compatibility Ideographs ==
{{further|CJK Compatibility Ideographs}}
{{charmap
|F907|name1=CJK Compatibility Ideograph-F907
|F908|name2=CJK Compatibility Ideograph-F908
|FACE|name3=CJK Compatibility Ideograph-FACE
|IncludeGB=yes
|map1=EUC-KR / UHC|map1char1=D0 A2|map1char2=D0 B8
|map2=Big5-HKSCS|map2char1=8B F8
|map3=KPS 10721{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927102005/http://cheonhyeong.com/PDF/KP1-reconstitution.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-27 |url=http://cheonhyeong.com/PDF/KP1-reconstitution.pdf |url-status=live |title=KPS 10721:2000 (Unicode KP1源) 文件重构 (修订版) |lang=zh-Hans |date=2022-06-19 |first=CheonHyeong |last=Sim}}|map3char3=92 7F
|map4=EUC-TW{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=470074&SN=&lang=en |title=[龜] 7-2C3A |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}|map4char3=8E A7 AC BA
}}
== Supplementary Ideographic Plane ==
{{further|Supplementary Ideographic Plane|Variant Chinese character}}
{{charmap
|20074|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-20074
|200FE|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-200FE
|24563|name3=CJK Unified Ideograph-24563
|259A3|name4=CJK Unified Ideograph-259A3
|27474|name5=CJK Unified Ideograph-27474
|IncludeGB=yes
|map1=EUC-TW
|map1char1=8E A6 C6 BF|map1char2=8E A6 BC FD|map1char3=8E A6 CB A3|map1char5=8E A7 C2 EA
|map2=KPS 10721
|map2char3=56 89
|namedref1=Moji Jōhō Kiban
|ref1char1=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030364 MJ030364]
|ref1char2=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ030438 MJ030438]
|ref1char3=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ040283 MJ040283]
|ref1char4=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ043469 MJ043469]
|ref1char5=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ047883 MJ047883]
}}
{{charmap
|2A6A6|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6A6
|2A6A7|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6A7
|2A6A8|name3=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6A8
|2A6B4|name4=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6B4
|2A6BA|name5=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6BA
|2A6BE|name6=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6BE
|IncludeGB=yes
|map1=EUC-TW
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=472690&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚦] 7-3672 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=474740&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚧] 7-3E74 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=476710&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚨] 7-4626 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=1009470&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚴] 15-673E |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=355178&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚺] 5-6B6A |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
|map1char1=8E A7 B6 F2|map1char2=8E A7 BE F4|map1char3=8E A7 C6 A6|map1char4=8E AF E7 BE|map1char5=8E A5 EB EA|map1char6=8E A7 CD B9
|namedref1=Moji Jōhō Kiban
|ref1char1=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056778 MJ056778]
|ref1char2=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056779 MJ056779]
|ref1char3=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056780 MJ056780]
|ref1char5=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056795 MJ056795]
|ref1char6=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056799 MJ056799]
}}
{{charmap
|2A6BF|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6BF
|2A6C3|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6C3
|2A6C9|name3=CJK Unified Ideograph-2A6C9
|2C7CF|name4=CJK Unified Ideograph-2C7CF
|2CE5D|name5=CJK Unified Ideograph-2CE5D
|2CE9E|name6=CJK Unified Ideograph-2CE9E
|IncludeGB=yes
|map1=EUC-TW
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=478521&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚾] 7-4D39 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=478520&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪚿] 7-4D38 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=358226&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪛃] 5-7752 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=993574&SN=&lang=en |title=[𪛉] 15-2926 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=865403&SN=&lang=en |title=[𬹝] 13-347B |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/wordView.jsp?ID=803621&SN=&lang=en |title=[𬺞] 12-4325 |work=CNS 11643 Word Information |institution=National Development Council}}
|map1char1=8E A7 CD B8|map1char2=8E A5 F7 D2|map1char3=8E AF A9 A6|map1char5=8E AD B4 FB|map1char6=8E AC C3 A5
|namedref1=Moji Jōhō Kiban
|ref1char1=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056800 MJ056800]
|ref1char2=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ056804 MJ056804]
}}
{{charmap
|2E4AE|name1=CJK Unified Ideograph-2E4AE
|2EBDB|name2=CJK Unified Ideograph-2EBDB
|2EBDC|name3=CJK Unified Ideograph-2EBDC
|2EBDD|name4=CJK Unified Ideograph-2EBDD
|2EBDE|name5=CJK Unified Ideograph-2EBDE
|2EBDF|name6=CJK Unified Ideograph-2EBDF
|IncludeGB=yes
|namedref1=Moji Jōhō Kiban
|ref1char2=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ060379 MJ060379]
|ref1char3=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ059291 MJ059291]
|ref1char4=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ059290 MJ059290]
|ref1char5=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ059289 MJ059289]
|ref1char6=[https://moji.or.jp/mojikibansearch/info?MJ%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%90%8D=MJ059287 MJ059287]
}}
Literature
- {{cite book|last= Fazzioli |first= Edoardo |others= calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko |title= Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters |year= 1987 |publisher= Abbeville Press |location= New York |isbn= 0-89659-774-1 }}
- Leyi Li: "Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases". Beijing 1993, {{ISBN|978-7-5619-0204-2}}
Footnotes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=9F9C Unihan Database - U+9F9C]
{{Commonscat|Radical 213}}
{{Kangxi Radicals}}