Radical Women

{{Short description|Socialist and feminist activists' organization}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Radical Women

| logo = Radicalwomenlogo.png

| logo_size = 290px

| formation = 1967

| founder = Clara Fraser, Gloria Martin, Melba Windoffer

| founding_location = Seattle, WA

| headquarters = Seattle, WA

| website = {{URL|https://www.radicalwomen.org/|radicalwomen.org}}

}}

Radical Women (RW) is an American socialist feminist[http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/soc.html A bibliography of Socialist Feminism] on [http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/ Kristin Switala's Feminist Theory Website], Center for Digital Discourse and Culture at Virginia Tech. includes the work of RW's Gloria Martin and Clara Fraser. Accessed online 8 April 2007. grassroots activist organization affiliated with the Freedom Socialist Party. It has branches in Seattle, Washington, and Melbourne, Australia.

History

Radical Women emerged in Seattle from a "Free University" class on Women and Society conducted by Gloria Martin,[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45/115.html Gloria Martin, 1916-1995: Feminist Pioneer and Unabashed Lifelong Socialist] (obituary notice put out by RW and Freedom Socialist Party, reproduced on the Progressive News & Views List archive). Accessed online 8 April 2007. a lifelong communist and civil rights champion.{{cite web|last=Murphy|first=Raymond|date=2017-09-21|title=Radical Women Celebrate A Half Century of Hell-Raising|url=https://www.seattlestar.net/2017/09/radical-women-celebrate-a-half-century-of-hell-raising/|access-date=2020-10-12|website=The Seattle Star|language=en-US}} As a result of the class, Martin teamed up with Clara Fraser[http://www.socialism.com/Clarasmemorial.html Clara Fraser, 1923-1998: American rebel and architect of socialist feminism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980524032655/http://www.socialism.com/Clarasmemorial.html |date=1998-05-24 }}, Socialism.com. Accessed online 8 April 2007. and Melba Windoffer (initiators of the Freedom Socialist Party) and Susan Stern (a prominent figure in the local Students for a Democratic Society) to launch Radical Women in 1967.

In Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76Gloria Martin, Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76, Red Letter Press. {{ISBN|0-932323-00-6}}. [http://www.redletterpress.org/firstdecade.html] Martin writes that the new group was formed to "demonstrate that women could act politically, learn and teach theory, administer an organization, develop indigenous leadership, and focus movement and community attention on the sorely neglected matter of women's rights—and that women could do this on their own."

Radical Women participated heavily in the anti-Vietnam War mobilization, and has opposed subsequent military interventions initiated by Western countries.

Members worked with African-American women from anti-poverty programs to initiate the abortion rights movement in Washington State with a historic march on the capitol in 1969.See Cassandra Tate, [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2675 Marilyn Ward recalls the campaign to reform Washington's abortion law], HistoryLink essay #2675, HistoryLink.org, for an oppositional view of the protest.

In the early 1970s, RW helped organize a strike and a union of low-paid employees (mostly female) at the University of Washington.

After working closely with the Freedom Socialist Party (FSP), Radical Women and the party formally affiliated in 1973 on the basis of a shared socialist feminist program. Some of its early members, such as Lynda Schraufnagel, were employed by the FSP's newspaper, The Freedom Socialist, and also wrote for it.{{cite journal |title=In this issue |journal=The Freedom Socialist |date=Fall 1978 |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=2 |url=https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/freedom-socialist/v04n03-fall-1978-FS.pdf |access-date=26 November 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=Schraufnagel |first1=Lynda |title=Abortion rights imperilled |journal=Freedom Socialist Newspaper |date=Fall 1979 |volume=5 |issue=3 |url=https://socialism.com/fs-article/abortion-rights-imperilled/ |access-date=25 November 2020}}

Many Radical Women members worked and organized in the nontraditional trades. At Seattle's public power company, Seattle City Light, Clara Fraser was recruited to craft and implement the country's first plan to train women as utility electricians. Three other members of Radical Women, Megan Cornish, Heidi Durham, and Teri Bach, participated in the program and went on to become some of the first women electricians in the country. Just weeks before the program began, however, Fraser participated in a walkout against new rules issued by City Light superintendent Gordon Vickery, which soured her relations with management. After their training, Cornish, Durham, and Bach were laid off in 1975 in an act seen largely as retaliatory against themselves and Fraser. The three women filed a lawsuit alleging discrimination on the basis of sex, and after a year a court ruled in their favor and ordered their reinstatement. Fraser was also laid off in 1975, and she filed her own separate lawsuit alleging discrimination on the basis of sex and political ideology. After a seven-year legal battle and a massive public relations campaign, Fraser won her reinstatement at City Light.Nicole Grant, "[http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/citylight.htm Challenging Sexism at City Light]" University of Washington, Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project

In 1991, two members of Radical Women, Heidi Durham and Yolanda Alaniz, ran for Seattle City Council as members of the FSP. The two campaigned together on demands for guaranteed income for families living in poverty, domestic partnership rights for same-sex couples, and community control of the police.{{cite web |title=Clara Fraser papers - Archives West |url=https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv56640 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=archiveswest.orbiscascade.org}} Alaniz advanced to the general election and finished with 21% of the vote.{{cite web|url=https://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/seattle-facts/historical-election-results#19901999historicelectionresults |title=General and Special Elections - CityArchives |publisher=seattle.gov |date=1963-10-25 |accessdate=2022-08-21}}

Purpose and ideology

The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational StructureRadical Women (2001), "[https://books.google.com/books?id=06Hvq8Yobc0C&pg=PA17 Preamble]", in {{cite book | editor-last = Radical Women | title = The Radical Women manifesto: socialist feminist theory, program and organizational structure | year = 2001 | pages = 17–18 | publisher = Red Letter Press | location = Seattle, Washington | isbn = 9780932323118 }} defines Radical Women's purpose and ideology as follows:

Radical Women is dedicated to exposing, resisting, and eliminating the inequities of women's existence. To accomplish this task of insuring survival for an entire sex, we must simultaneously address ourselves to the social and material source of sexism: the capitalist form of production and distribution of products, characterized by intrinsic class, race, sex, and caste oppression. When we work for the revolutionary transformation of capitalism into a socialist society, we work for a world in which all people may enjoy the right of full humanity and freedom from poverty, war, racism, sexism, homophobia, anti-Semitism, and repression.

Radical Women takes a multi-racial, multi-issue, working class and anti-capitalist approach to women's liberation. It advocates for free abortion on demand, an end to forced sterilization of women of color, and for affordable, quality, 24-hour childcare. Early efforts include the Action Childcare Coalition, the Feminist Coordinating Council (an umbrella organization made up of the whole spectrum of women's groups in Seattle), and the Coalition for Protective Legislation (a labor and feminist effort to extend female-designated workplace safeguards to men after passage of the Washington State Equal Rights Amendment).

Radical Women has played a leading role in lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender liberation struggles.Don Poulson, "[http://www.sgn.org/sgnnews43/page7.cfm Seattle's Gay History: Jamma Phi (1959 -1963): Seattle's first Gay Organization]", Seattle Gay News,; and Gary Atkins, Gay Seattle,

(University of Washington Press, 2003). Members have helped build militant lesbian/gay rights organizations and have been involved in many coalitions devoted to preventing forced AIDS testing, opposing ballot-box attacks on gay rights, lobbying for state gay rights bills, and more. In the 1980s Radical Women leader Merle Woo, a college lecturer, writer and Asian American lesbian spokesperson, won a case against the University of California at Berkeley, which had fired her, charging discrimination on race, sex, sexuality, and political ideology.{{cite book |last1=Ridinger |first1=Robert B. |title=Speaking for Our Lives: Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian Rights |date=2004 |publisher=Harrington Park Press |location=Binghamton, New York |isbn=9781560231752 |pages=436–438}}

= Archives =

[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv27291 Freedom Socialist Party Seattle Branch Records], 1984-1992. 3.14 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv793914 Freedom Socialist Party National Office (Seattle) Records], 1976-1998. 3.09 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv147064 Radical Women Seattle Office Records], 1991-1997. 0.37 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv847136 Radical Women National Office (Seattle) Records], 1976-1998. 1.28 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv17486 Melba Windoffer Papers], 1910-1993. 7.42 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv590361 Megan Cornish Papers], 1970-2003. 10.26 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv56640 Clara Fraser Papers], 1905-1998, 36.70 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].
[https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv134277 Heidi Durham Papers and Oral History Interviews], 1937-2017, 1.57 cubic feet. At the [https://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/laws Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections].

= Articles and interviews =

[https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/cornish.htm Megan Cornish], Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2005.
Megan Cornish Interview with Nicole Grant and Alex Morrow, October 20, 2005, YouTube, uploaded by Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, September 9, 2016, [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrnclw6j_Mi9N6T_TWAazg17dNqO2E2X0 Megan Cornish - YouTube]
[https://elliebelew.com/history-community/high-voltage-women-breaking-barriers-at-seattle-city-light/ Megan Cornish, Conor Casey, and Ellie Belew Interview with Mike Dumovich], "We Do the Work," KSVR, February 22, 2019.
Nicole Grant, [https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/citylight.htm Challenging Sexism at City Light: The Electrical Trades Trainee Program], Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, 2006.
Ellie Belew Interview with Mimi Rosenberg, YouTube, uploaded by Radical Women - U.S., uploaded March 28. 2019, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgwLzVR0EMY HIGH VOLTAGE WOMEN: Interview & slideshow]

= Books =

[http://www.redletterpress.org/rwmanifesto.html The Radical Women Manifesto:] Socialist Feminist Theory, Program, and Organizational Structure, Red Letter Press, 2001
Ellie Belew, [http://www.redletterpress.org/highvoltagewomen.html High Voltage Women:] Breaking Barriers at Seattle City Light, Red Letter Press, 2019.
Gloria Martin, [http://www.redletterpress.org/firstdecade.html Socialist Feminism: The First Decade, 1966-76], Freedom Socialist Publications, 1986

= Additional material =

[http://www.radicalwomen.org Radical Women Official site]
[http://www.socialism.com Freedom Socialist Party], affiliates
[http://content.lib.washington.edu/protestsweb/index.html University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - Vietnam War Era Ephemera] This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Includes ephemera from Radical Women and the Freedom Socialist Party.
[http://www.redletterpress.org/rwpubs.html Radical Women Publications]
[http://www.imow.org/wpp/stories/viewStory?storyId=1868 A Report from the U.S. 2008 Radical Women Conference] submitted to the International Museum of Women.