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Railway coupling by country#Portugal

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The railcar couplers or couplings listed, described, and depicted below are used worldwide on legacy and modern railways. Compatible and similar designs are frequently referred to using widely differing make, brand, regional or nick names, which can make describing standard or typical designs confusing. Dimensions and ratings noted in these articles are usually of nominal or typical components and systems, though standards and practices also vary widely with railway, region, and era. Transition between incompatible coupler types may be accomplished using dual couplings, a coupling adapter or a barrier wagon.

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Coupler types

{{Main|Railway coupling}}

Africa

= Algeria =

{{Main|Rail transport in Algeria}}

= Angola =

{{Main|Rail transport in Angola}}

  • AAR couplers{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11295533|title = Angola's railways back on track|work = BBC News|date = 16 September 2010}}

= Botswana =

{{Main|Rail transport in Botswana}}

= Benin =

{{Main|Rail transport in Benin}}

= Burkina Faso and Côte d'Ivoire =

{{Main|Rail transport in Burkina Faso|Rail transport in Côte d'Ivoire}}

  • English couplers{{cite web |url=http://www.steam.dial.pipex.com/africa.htm |title=Steam in Africa |access-date=2013-12-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314161737/http://www.steam.dial.pipex.com/africa.htm |archive-date=2012-03-14 }}

= Cameroon =

{{Main|Rail transport in Cameroon}}

= Congo~Brazzaville =

{{Main|Rail transport in the Republic of the Congo}}

= Democratic Republic of the Congo =

{{Main|Rail transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

{{Empty section|date=August 2013}}

  • AAR couplers

= Egypt =

{{Main|Rail transport in Egypt}}

  • English couplers on historic stock
  • AAR coupler Links on modern stock{{cite web|url=http://www.railpictures.net/viewphoto.php?id=136595&skip=1|title=Rail pictures|access-date=4 November 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.railpictures.net/viewphoto.php?id=156890&nseq=17|title=Rail pictures|access-date=4 November 2014}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.besco.in/clients.htm |title=:: Besco Limited :: Clients |access-date=2009-03-25 |archive-date=2009-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090127002958/http://besco.in/clients.htm |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.railpictures.net/viewphoto.php?id=126926&skip=1|title=RailPictures.Net Photo: 3864 Egyptian railways (ENR) EMD G22W-AC at Kafr el Shiekh, Egypt by mohamed|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Eritrea =

{{Main|Rail transport in Eritrea}}

  • CBC couplers{{Cite web|url=http://www.trainweb.org/eritrean/scrapbook/who/ferrovie-coloniali/ch2-eritrea/carro.html|title=Il Materiale Rotabile|access-date=16 October 2011}}

= Ethiopia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Ethiopia}}

  • AAR couplers{{cite web|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Gov11_03Rail-t1-body-d9.html|title=The Franco-Ethiopian Railway — Djibouti to Addis-Ababa|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Gabon =

{{Main|Rail transport in Gabon}}

= Ghana =

{{Main|Rail transport in Ghana}}

= Kenya =

= Liberia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Liberia}}

= Malawi =

{{Main|Rail transport in Malawi}}

  • AAR couplers{{cite web|url=http://www.derbysulzers.com/nyasaland.html|title=trans zambesia locomotive, AEI, malawi locomotive, nigeria locomotive|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Mali =

{{Main|Rail transport in Mali}}

= Mauritania =

{{Main|Rail transport in Mauritania}}

= Morocco =

{{Main|Rail transport in Morocco}}

  • English couplers{{cite web|url=http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r052.html|title=IN NORTHERN AFRICA|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Mozambique =

{{Main|Rail transport in Mozambique}}

= Nigeria =

{{Main|Rail transport in Nigeria}}

  • AAR couplers on modern {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}} railways{{Cite web|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/standard-gauge-work-begins-on-ebute-meta-ultra-modern-railway-station-nrc/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706121528/https://theeagleonline.com.ng/standard-gauge-work-begins-on-ebute-meta-ultra-modern-railway-station-nrc/|archive-date=2019-07-06|title=Standard Gauge: Work begins on Ebute Meta ultra-modern railway station – NRC – the Eagle Online|date=8 August 2018}}
  • ABC couplers on legacy {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}} railways{{cite web |url=http://www.topforge.co.uk/Photographs/NRC.htm |title=Nigerian Railway Corporation - Locomotives |website=www.topforge.co.uk |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623035448/http://www.topforge.co.uk/Photographs/NRC.htm |archive-date=23 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}
  • ABC couplers on legacy Bauchi Light Railway {{Track gauge|762mm|lk=on}} Narrow gauge railways{{cite web |url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Transport/Trains/ABC/ABC01.htm |title=ABC Couplers |website=www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521124013/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Transport/Trains/ABC/ABC01.htm |archive-date=21 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}

= Senegal =

{{Main|Rail transport in Senegal}}

  • English couplers on freight and passenger stock
  • Norwegian couplers on Indian Stock{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/mali01.htm|title=The Railways of Mali and Senegal 2007|access-date=4 November 2014}}

=South Africa=

{{Main|Rail transport in South Africa}}

  • Buffers and chain coupler from 1859 to 1873.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter I - The Period of the 4 ft. 8½ in. Gauge. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1943. pp. 437-440.
  • Johnston link-and-pin from 1873 to 1927 on Cape gauge, from 1906 on {{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} narrow gauge in Natal.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, September 1944. p. 669.Suid-Afrikaanse Vervoerdienste (South African Transport Services) (1983). Passassierswa- en Trokhandboek (Passenger Carriage and Truck Manual), Vol 1, Hoofstukke 1-15 (Chapters 1-15). South African Transport Services, 1983. Chapter 13.
  • Bell-and-hook from 1902 on {{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} narrow gauge in the Cape of Good Hope.Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1944. pp. 253-257.
  • AAR knuckle wide use from 1927 on Cape gauge. The first application of these couplers in what is now South Africa was in 1904 by the ultra-progressive Central South African Railways (CSAR) on their rolling stock for the "Limited Expresses" between Johannesburg and Pretoria.{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=51-52, 117-118}}South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 25.At least some versions of the automatic couplers used in South Africa follows the Henricot coupler patent and not the AAR version.

The following note is given on drawing CME10719-478/68 "Automatic Coupler, type MS (127 mm x 140 mm)", also referred to as SASKOP (Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorweë Koppelaar - South African Railways Coupler):

"The copyright in this drawing vests in "Société Anonyme Usines Emile Henricot of Court-Saint-Étienne", Belgium. The said company is also the owner of the patent in respect of the automatic coupler covered by this drawing."{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-7-1/natalspruit-to-vereeniging-part-1-by-les-pivnic|title=Soul of A Railway, System 7, Natalspruit to Vereeniging – Part 1|last=Pivnic|first=Les|access-date=2018-09-01|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024151648/https://sites.google.com/site/soulorailway/home/system-7-1/natalspruit-to-vereeniging-part-1-by-les-pivnic|url-status=dead}}

= Sudan =

{{Main|Rail transport in Sudan}}

  • AAR couplers[http://www.locopage.net/sud-1700.jpg Locopage]{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/11/stories/2004111112590600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312085809/http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/11/stories/2004111112590600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 March 2005|work=The Hindu|title=Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : Rs. 80-crore target for railway spares export|date=2004-11-11|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Tanzania =

{{Main|Rail transport in Tanzania}}

  • Norwegian couplers on {{track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} track
  • AAR couplers on {{track gauge|1067 mm}} gauge track
  • AAR couplers on {{track gauge|1435 mm|allk=on}} track.

= Togo =

{{Main|Rail transport in Togo}}

= Tunisia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Tunisia}}

= Uganda =

Asia

= Bangladesh =

{{Main|Rail transport in Bangladesh}}

= Cambodia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Cambodia}}

= China =

{{Main|Rail transport in China}}

  • AAR couplers on most passenger and freight stock
  • A variation of Shibata couplers between 25T passenger coaches (AAR couplers between Bombardier-built coaches)
  • Scharfenberg couplers on high speed (CRH) and subway trains

= Hong Kong =

{{Main|Rail transport in Hong Kong}}

= India =

{{Main|Rail transport in India}}

  • English couplers on historic stock
  • AAR couplers on modern stock{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/~mrinal/alstomcoaches.html|title=Centre Buffer coupler of AAR type|access-date=4 November 2014}}
  • Norwegian couplers on {{track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} track{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-stock2.html#coupler|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Rolling Stock – II|access-date=4 November 2014}}
  • ABC couplers on narrow gauge stock
  • Scharfenberg couplers in Suburban EMU and DEMU trains and rapid transit rolling stocks

= Indonesia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Indonesia}}

= Iran =

{{Main|Rail transport in Iran}}

= Iraq =

{{Main|Rail transport in Iraq}}

  • English couplers on historic stock
  • English, Russian (C-AKv) combo couplers on modern stockJane's World Railways 1969/1970 pp 594/595{{Cite web |url=http://www.ajg41.clara.co.uk/iraq/links.html |title=Links to information about railways in Iraq |access-date=2008-08-03 |archive-date=2008-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001190300/http://www.ajg41.clara.co.uk/iraq/links.html |url-status=dead }}

= Israel =

{{Main|Rail transport in Israel}}

= Japan =

{{Main|Rail transport in Japan}}

= North Korea =

{{Main|Rail transport in North Korea}}

= South Korea =

{{Main|Rail transport in South Korea}}

= Malaysia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Malaysia}}

= Pakistan =

{{Main|Rail transport in Pakistan}}

=Philippines=

{{Main|Rail transportation in the Philippines}}

|url=https://w.mgtv.com/b/407417/16781725.html?lastp=v_progdtl|trans-title=China's first EMU exported to the Philippines debuts with "energy storage" and "intelligence" to define future urban rail transit|website=MangoTV|publisher=Hunan Happy Sunshine Interactive Entertainment Media|access-date=9 July 2022}}

= Russia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Russia}}

= Singapore =

{{Main|Rail transport in Singapore}}

  • Scharfenberg couplers for the Mass Rapid Transit{{cite web|url=https://voith.com/ita-it/1994_e_g1712_en_schaku_verbinden-schuetzen_2016-09.pdf|title=Connect and Protect. Coupler and Front End Systems|publisher=Voith}}
  • Bergische Stahl Industrie couplers for Bukit Panjang LRT
  • Compact tight couplers by Japan Steel Works for Sengkang and Punggol LRT{{cite web|url=https://www.jsw.co.jp/en/product/technology/technical_review/technical_review-3851897704887617981/main/0/link/File172219393.pdf|title=History and Future Prospects of Rolling Stock Parts|publisher=Japan Steel Works Industrial Machinery Dept., Hiroshima Plant|first1=Teruyuki|last1=Aida|first2=Yusuke|last2=Nishimi|first3=Atsunori|last3=Yamaguchi|first4=Noriaki|last4=Oonuma|quote="JSW began to consider coupler device for overseas, and delivered our products to Singapore for new transportation systems in 2000."}}

= Sri Lanka =

{{Main|Rail transport in Sri Lanka}}

= Taiwan =

{{Main|Rail transport in Taiwan}}

= Thailand =

{{Main|Rail transport in Thailand}}

=== Turkey ===

{{Main|Rail transport in Turkey}}

= Vietnam =

{{Main|Rail transport in Vietnam}}

  • AAR couplers on both {{track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} and {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}} rolling stock

Europe

= Austria =

{{Main|Rail transport in Austria}}

= Belgium =

{{Main|Rail transport in Belgium}}

= Finland =

{{Main|Rail transport in Finland}}

  • English couplers (UIC) on passenger cars and most freight cars and on historical locomotives
  • Russian SA3 couplers on Russian cars and some heavy-duty freight cars
  • "Unilink couplers" (SA3 clone with UIC-style screw link) or "Vapiti" (SA3 clone with movable link arm for English couplers) couplers on the majority of locomotives; compatible with SA3 and English (UIC) center hook
  • Scharfenberg couplers (some made by Dellner) on multiple unit passenger stock

= France =

{{Main|Rail transport in France}}

= Germany =

{{Main|Rail transport in Germany}}

= Greece =

{{Main|Rail transport in Greece}}

= Hungary =

{{Main|Rail transport in Hungary}}

= Ireland =

{{Main|Rail transport in Ireland }}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Italy =

{{Main|Rail transport in Italy}}

= Netherlands =

{{Main|Rail transport in the Netherlands}}

= Norway =

{{Main|Rail transport in Norway}}

= Poland =

{{Main|Rail transport in Poland}}

= Portugal =

{{Main|Rail transport in Portugal}}

= Romania =

{{Main|Rail transport in Romania}}

= Russia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Russia}}

= Spain =

{{Main|Rail transport in Spain}}

= Sweden =

{{Main|Rail transport in Sweden}}

= Switzerland =

{{Main|Rail transport in Switzerland}}

= Ukraine =

{{Main|Rail transport in Ukraine}}

= United Kingdom =

{{Main|Rail transport in the United Kingdom|Rail transport in Great Britain}}

== Isle of Man ==

{{Main|Rail transport in the Isle of Man}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

Caribbean

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Cuba =

{{main|Rail transport in Cuba}}

= Jamaica =

{{main|Rail transport in Jamaica}}

Central America

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Belize =

{{main|rail transport in Belize}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Costa Rica =

{{main|rail transport in Costa Rica}}

  • AAR couplers on freight stock and locomotive-hauled passenger stock.
  • Scharfenberg on DMUs (Spanish Apollo type and Chinese CRRC type).

= El Salvador =

{{main|Rail transport in El Salvador}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Guatemala =

{{main|rail transport in Guatemala}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Honduras =

{{main|rail transport in Honduras}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Nicaragua =

{{main|rail transport in Nicaragua}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

= Panama =

{{main|rail transport in Panama}}

North America

= Canada =

{{Main|Rail transport in Canada}}

= Mexico =

{{Main|Rail transport in Mexico}}

= United States =

{{Main|Rail transport in the United States}}

== Alaska ==

{{Main|Rail transport in Alaska}}

== Puerto Rico ==

{{Main|Rail transport in Puerto Rico}}

Oceania

= Australia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Australia}}

=New Zealand=

{{Main|Rail transport in New Zealand}}

South America

{{expand section|date=September 2022}}

= Argentina =

{{Main|Rail transport in Argentina}}

= Bolivia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Bolivia}}

{{expand section|date=September 2022}}

= Brazil =

{{Main|Rail transport in Brazil}}

= Chile =

{{Main|Rail transport in Chile}}

= Colombia =

{{Main|Rail transport in Colombia}}

{{expand section|date=September 2022}}

= Ecuador =

{{Main|Rail transport in Ecuador}}

{{expand section|date=September 2022}}

= Paraguay =

{{Main|Rail transport in Paraguay}}

  • English couplers{{cite web|url=http://trains-worldexpresses.com/800/836.htm|title=trains-worldexpresses.com|access-date=4 November 2014}}

= Peru =

= Suriname =

{{Main|Rail transport in Suriname}}

{{expand section|date=September 2022}}

= Uruguay =

{{Main|Rail transport in Uruguay}}

  • Buffers and chain couplers (Bulk of AFE stock, all of Portren-DBCC Transport)
  • Janney Coupler{{fact|date=May 2023}} (Brill 55, Brill 60 Motorcars (Historical), Ganz-Mavag DMUs and Coaches; previously Ganz 38, Simmering-Graz-Pauker DMUs and Coaches)
  • Pin and cup Coupler{{fact|date=April 2024}} (Uerdinger Railbus and trailers)

= Venezuela =

{{Main|Rail transport in Venezuela}}

{{expand section|date=October 2022}}

See also

{{Portal|Transport|Lists}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Rolling stock by country}}

{{Railway coupling}}

Category:Couplers