Ranger Special Operations Vehicle
{{Use American English|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox weapon
|is_vehicle=yes
|name=Ranger Special Operations Vehicle
| image= Land Rover, licence registration '-24.JPG
| image_size = 300
|caption=A Land Rover modified to RSOV configuration at the War and Peace Show 2010 convention.
|origin=United Kingdom
|type=Military light utility vehicle
|service= 1992 – Present
|used_by= See Users
|wars=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
- Land Rover
- Otokar
|production_date= 1992
|number=
|weight= {{convert|7734|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
|length= {{convert|173.8|in|mm|0}}
|width= {{convert|70.5|in|mm|0}}
|height= {{convert|76|in|mm|0|adj=on}} (without gun mount)
|crew=
|armour=
|primary_armament=
|secondary_armament=
|engine= Four-cylinder turbocharged diesel
|engine_power=
|transmission= Automatic
|payload_capacity=
|pw_ratio=
|suspension=
|drive= full-time four-wheel drive
|vehicle_range=
|speed=
}}
The Ranger Special Operations Vehicle (RSOV) is a light military vehicle of the U.S. Army's 75th Ranger Regiment, based on the Land Rover Defender. The RSOV is not meant to be an assault vehicle, but rather a rapid defensive platform.{{cite web|url=http://www.specwarnet.net/vehicles/rsov.htm|title=Ranger Special Operations Vehicle|access-date=18 July 2015}}
History
In 1992, the U.S. Army Rangers decided to adopt the RSOV in order to replace their M151 light gun trucks.{{cite web|url=http://www.warwheels.net/LandyDefenderRSOVIndex.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002124/http://www.warwheels.net/LandyDefenderRSOVIndex.html|title=Land Rover Defender Ranger Special Operations Vehicle|work=War Wheels|access-date=19 July 2015|archive-date=3 November 2014}}{{cite web | url=https://www.tactical-life.com/lifestyle/military-and-police/vehicles-special-operations-forces/ | title=16 Vehicles of the Special Operations Forces | date=5 November 2015 }} The decision to adopt the vehicle was inspired by American troops seeing the Land Rover deployed by the British in the Gulf War.{{cite web|url=https://www.joint-forces.com/features/military-land-rovers/31102-mlr-32-czech-kajman-d130-rdv|title=MLR 33 ~ Czech KAJMAN D130 RDV|publisher=Joint Forces|access-date=2020-04-12|author=Morrison, Bob|date=2020-04-11}} They noted that the vehicle was easier to use in desert terrain compared to the Humvee. 60 RSOVs were initially purchased to fulfill a requirement for 12 RSOVs per battalion.{{sfn|Bryant|Bryant|2005|p=99}}
The RSOV was secretly deployed to support potential anti-terrorist efforts and to ensure the safety of people visiting the 1992 Summer Olympics in Spain, but they were kept out of the public eye.
Design
The RSOV's design is based on the Land Rover Defender Model 110, having different specifications from the British Weapons Mount Installation Kit. The RSOV was built by the Land Rover Special Operations Vehicle Department.{{Cite web|url=https://silodrome.com/land-rover-defender-military-sov/|title = Ex-Special Forces Prototype: Land Rover Defender 110 V8 SOV|date = 9 September 2019}} It was also meant to be airlifted by helicopter or transport aircraft if needed.{{Cite web|url=https://sofrep.com/gear/ranger-special-operations-vehicle-rsov/|title=Ranger Special Operations Vehicle | RSOV}}
Initial prototypes used 3.5 liter V8 engines, but final models used four cylinder turbo diesel engines with a manual transmission. The diesel engine does not make loud noises when deployed, allowing Ranger teams to be stealthy when tasked with seizing places of interest.
The Rangers have three main types of RSOV, the weapons carrier, medical vehicle, or communications vehicle. As a weapons carrier it can carry up to 8,000 lbs, including six to seven fully armed Rangers. The Ranger is designed with a crew of three in mind: a truck commander (TC), seated front-left, a driver, and a top gunner, in the rear.{{cite web |url=http://www3.ausa.org/webint/DeptArmyMagazine.nsf/byid/CCRN-6CCRY7 |title=Association of the United States Army: The Ranger Special Operations Vehicle (RSOV) |website=www3.ausa.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708023212/http://www3.ausa.org/webint/DeptArmyMagazine.nsf/byid/CCRN-6CCRY7 |archive-date=8 July 2010 |url-status=dead}} Additional seating arrangements can be made for an antitank operator, radiotelephone operator or a dismount team typically consisting of an M249 squad automatic weapon gunner, M203 gunner and rifleman.
According to Bob Morrison, the development of the RSOV had an influence for the eventual development of the WMIK.
=Weapons=
For a typical operation, both vehicles in an RSOV section would be equipped with various machine guns at the forward truck commander's station, with a Mk 19 grenade launcher at the top gunner position in one vehicle, and a Browning .50 cal M2 machine gun mounted on that top position in the other vehicle.{{cite web|url=http://www.americanspecialops.com/vehicles/sov/|title=Ranger SOV – Special Operations Vehicles|access-date=18 July 2015}}
A M249 light machine gun can be mounted in front of the TC seat for the front passenger to use in case of an enemy encounter.
Variants
In addition to the RSOVs with their crew-served weapons, each Ranger battalion has two medical variants of the Defender known as a Medical Special Operations Vehicle (MEDSOV).{{cite web|url=http://www.americanspecialops.com/photos/vehicles/medsov.php|title=Ranger Medical Special Operations Vehicle – Special Ops Photos|access-date=18 July 2015}} Instead of the weapon mounts found on standard RSOVs, the MEDSOV variant has fold-down racks capable of carrying six litter patients. Along with its transported casualties, a typical MEDSOV crew would include a driver, a TC and two or three medics to treat the wounded.
Another RSOV variant is used by the Ranger battalion mortar platoon. Known as MORTSOVs, the platoon's two Defenders—they also have three Humvees—replace the top-gun configuration with storage boxes and guy wires that allow the vehicle to carry thirty {{convert|120|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} mortar rounds along with the extra equipment required by the platoon. In addition to its on-board carrying capacity, the MORTSOVs can be used to tow the platoon's {{convert|120|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} mortars.
Users
- {{flag|Czech Republic}}: Formally known as LAND ROVER DEFENDER – MILITARY ARMOURED 4 with the nickname of Kajman, it entered service in 2009 with modifications done by AMT Defense based on the Defender 130 chassis in a RSOV configuration.
- {{flag|Israel}}: Used by special forces of the IDF .
- {{flag|North Cyprus}}: Known to be supplied by Turkey to the Security Forces Command.
- {{PRT}}: 13 units used by the Portuguese Army Commandos, it is equipped with a shield at the bottom for protection against improvised explosives, and equipped with a M2 Browning, three Heckler & Koch MG4, one Carl Gustaf and one 60mm Mortar.{{Cite web|last=VMSB|date=2012-06-20|title=DEFESA Global|url=https://defesaglobal.wordpress.com/2012/06/20/4465/|access-date=2020-08-07|website=DEFESA Global|language=en}}
- {{TUR}}: 2,550 units produced under license by Otokar, dubbed as "Engerek".
- {{flag|United States}}: Used by the 75th Ranger Regiment.{{sfn|Bryant|Bryant|2005|p=99}}
See also
- {{lwc|Interim Fast Attack Vehicle|Interim Fast Attack Vehicle (IFAV)}}
- {{lwc|Long Range Patrol Vehicle}}
- {{lwc|Land Rover Wolf#Weapons Mount Installation Kit|Land Rover Wolf - Weapons Mount Installation Kit}}
- Predator SOV
- {{lwc|P6 ATAV}}
- {{lwc|VLEGA Gaucho}} / {{lwc|Chivunk}}
- {{lwc|FMC XR311}}
- {{lwc|Light Strike Vehicle (Singapore)|Light Strike Vehicle}}
- {{lwc|General Dynamics Flyer}}
- {{Lwc|CS/VP4 ATV}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite magazine |last= Morrison |first= Bob |date= January 2000 |title= Dark Secret: we publish exclusive pictures of the elite US Rangers at work with their unique Land Rovers |magazine= Land Rover Monthly }}
- {{cite book |last1=Bryant |first1=Russ |last2=Bryant |first2=Susan |date= 2005 |title= Weapons of the U.S. Army Rangers |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |publisher=Zenith Press |isbn=0760321124 }}
- {{cite magazine |last= King |first= Andy |date= August 2012 |title= Tweaking an RSOV |magazine= Model Military International |issue= 76 }} (about the HobbyBox 1:35 model)
{{commons category|Ranger Special Operations Vehicle}}
{{Post-WWII US Soft Vehicles}}
Category:Military vehicles of the United States
Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles
Category:Military light utility vehicles