Ranunculus lyallii

{{Short description|Species of buttercup endemic to New Zealand}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Use New Zealand English|date=September 2024}}

{{Speciesbox

|image = MtCookLily.jpg

|genus = Ranunculus

|species = lyallii

|authority = Hook.f.

}}

Ranunculus lyallii (Mountain buttercup, Mount Cook buttercup, or, although not a lily, Mount Cook lily), is a species of Ranunculus (buttercup), endemic to New Zealand, where it occurs in the South Island and on Stewart Island at altitudes of 700–1,500 m.Ranunculaceae Society: [http://homepage.eircom.net/~ranunculaceae/plants/plant_of_the_month/2004_05_Ranunculus_lyallii.html Ranunculus lyallii] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402140457/http://homepage.eircom.net/~ranunculaceae/plants/plant_of_the_month/2004_05_Ranunculus_lyallii.html |date=2 April 2007 }}Alpine Plants of New Zealand: [http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/ranunlyal.htm Ranunculus lyallii] R. lyallii is the largest species in the genus Ranunculus, growing over a metre in height.{{cite web |title=Mount Cook buttercup |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-plants/mount-cook-buttercup/ |website=Department of Conservation |access-date=26 July 2021 |language=en-nz}}

The species was discovered by David Lyall, (1817–1895), a noted Scottish botanist and doctor.

Contemporary botanist Sir Joseph Hooker, (1817–1911), noted in his Flora Antarctica:

Among his many important botanical discoveries in this survey was that of the monarch of all buttercups, the gigantic white-flowered Ranunculus lyallii, the only known species with peltate leaves, the 'water-lily' of the New Zealand shepherds.--Joseph Dalton Hooker (1895) 33 Journal of Botany, p. 209.

It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 60–100 cm tall (the largest species of buttercup), with a stout rhizome. The leaves are glossy dark green, peltate, 15–40 cm diameter. The flowers are 5–8 cm diameter, with 10–20 white petals and numerous yellow stamens; flowering is from late spring to early summer.

Notable sites for the species include Aoraki / Mount Cook National ParkVirtual New Zealand: [http://www.virtualoceania.net/newzealand/photos/flora/mtcooklily/ photos] and in other alpine areas of including the area around Arthur's Pass.

The flower (termed Mount Cook lily in this usage) was the logo of Mount Cook Airline until replaced by Air New Zealand's koru symbol. Other companies connected with the airline used the same logo until the Mount Cook Group was disbanded in 1989.John McCrystal On the Buses in New Zealand: from charabancs to the coaches of today, Grantham House, Wellington, 2007 The iconic flower has featured on New Zealand Post stamps as early as 1936 and repeatedly in later decades as part of sets relating to conservation and scenery.{{cite web|url=https://stamps.nzpost.co.nz/new-zealand/1936/pictorial-officials|title=Pictorial Officials|work=New Zealand Post|access-date=2016-09-22}}{{cite web|url=https://stamps.nzpost.co.nz/new-zealand/1993/conservation|title=Conservation - New Zealand Post Stamps|work=New Zealand Post|access-date=2016-09-22}}{{cite web|url=https://stamps.nzpost.co.nz/new-zealand/1994/scenic-four-seasons|title=Scenic - Four Seasons|work=New Zealand Post|access-date=2016-09-22}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nzpost.co.nz/about-us/media-centre/media-archive/2009/a-tiki-tour-of-new-zealand-with-new-zealand-post-stamps|title=A Tiki Tour of New Zealand with New Zealand Post stamps|work=New Zealand Post|access-date=2016-09-22}}