Rapid bridge replacement
Image:Thermal lance.2004-8-4.jpg cutting away a railroad bridge in Binghamton, New York to prepare for its overnight replacement.]]
Image:AberdeenBridgeReplacementCpyRgt2010.JPGs moving Hamilton, Ontario's Aberdeen Bridge span into place.]]
Rapid bridge replacement or accelerated bridge construction (ABC) is a technique that allows bridges to be replaced with minimum disruption to traffic. The replacement bridge is constructed on a site near the bridge to be replaced. When it is completed, the old bridge is cut away and removed using self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs). Then the SPMTs lift the new bridge, transfer it to the work site and put it in place.{{cite web
| url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/focus/07dec/01.cfm
| title=The ABCs of a Rapid Bridge Replacement in Utah
| publisher=Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation
| date=December 2007
}} Often the highway or railroad carried by the bridge is closed for just one weekend. Conventional techniques typically replace half a bridge at a time, with all highway traffic redirected under the other bridge half, often for a year or more, while construction progresses.
Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) alternatives consist of ABC components and ABC techniques. Components can be categorized into prefabricated bridge elements (e.g. beams, bridge decks, footings, columns, pier caps, abutments etc.) or prefabricated bridge systems (e.g. bridge modules with superstructures and/or substructures).{{Cite journal
|last=Salem |first=O.
|last2=Salman |first2=B.
|last3=Ghorai |first3=S.
|year=2017
|title=Accelerating construction of roadway bridges using alternative techniques and procurement methods.
|journal=Transport
|volume=33 |issue=2
|pages=567–579
|doi=10.3846/16484142.2017.1300942
|doi-access=free
|last=Culmo |first=M. P.
|year=2011
|title=Accelerated Bridge Construction: Experience in Design, Fabrication and Erection of Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems
|volume=Final Manual
|id=Publication No HIF-12-013
|publisher=Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation
|page=347
|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/abc/docs/abcmanual.pdf
}} ABC involves fabrication of these elements or systems off-site in a regulated environment, and transporting those to site for installation. Related processes such as lifting, placement, transportation, embankment construction are termed as ABC techniques.{{Cite web
|author=FHWA
|year=2012
|title=Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems (PBES) Definitions
|publisher=Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), US Department of Transportation
|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/abc/prefab_def.cfm
}}
Notable rapid bridge replacement projects include Interstate 93 in Massachusetts, where 14 bridges were replaced over 10 weekends in
2011.{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/us/rapid-construction-techniques-transform-infrastructure-repair.html | title=Did Someone Order an Instant Bridge? | author=John Schwartz | newspaper=The New York Times | date=17 April 2012}} Utah was the first state to use the ABC method as their (Utah DOT) standard bridge construction practice.{{Cite journal |last=L. Ralls |first=Mary |date=December 2014 |title=HISTORY OF ABC IMPLEMENTATION IN U.S. |url=https://abc-utc.fiu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Ralls_2014_Natl_ABC_Conf_Paper_History_of_ABC_Impl_in_US_updated_10-03-2015.pdf |journal=National ABC Conference}}
Standards
=NEXT Beam=
File:Maine Route 103 York River Bridge, NEXT Beams.jpg]]
The development of Northeast Extreme Tee Beam or NEXT Beam was started in 2006 by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) North East to update regional standard on accelerated bridge construction for northeastern states of the United States. The NEXT Beam design was inspired by double-tee designs that have been used to build railroad platform slabs. The use of double tees with wide flanges allows the use of fewer beams, which stay in place to form the deck, resulting in a shorter construction time. The first design was introduced in 2008, called "NEXT F" with {{convert|4|in|cm|adj=on}} flange thickness requiring a {{convert|4|in|cm|adj=on}} topping. This was used for the construction of the Maine State Route 103 bridge that crosses the York River. The seven-span {{convert|510|ft|m|adj=on}} long bridge was completed in 2010 as the first NEXT beam bridge. The second design was introduced in 2010 for Sibley Pond Bridge at the border of Canaan and Pittsfield, Maine. The design was called "NEXT D" with an {{convert|8|in|cm|adj=on}} flange thickness that does not require deck topping, allowing the wearing surface to be applied directly onto the beams. The combination of F and D, called "NEXT E", was introduced in 2016.{{cite book |title=ABC – UTC Webinar 2-15-18 Northeast Extreme Tee (NEXT) Beam with Rochester VT Case Study |date=15 February 2018 |publisher=Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Northeast |url=https://abc-utc.fiu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2018/02/2018-02-15_1_NEXT-Beams_RS.pdf |accessdate=15 July 2020}}{{cite journal |last1=Gardner |first1=Lauren S. |last2=Hodgdon |first2=Steven M. |title=The first NEXT beam bridge |journal=PCI Journal |volume=Winter 2013 |pages=55–62 |url=https://www.pci.org/PCI_Docs/Publications/PCI%20Journal/2013/Winter/The%20first%20NEXT%20beam%20bridge.pdf |accessdate=15 July 2020}}
As of 2018, thirteen US states have accepted the NEXT beam standard: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia. New Brunswick, Canada also accepts the standard.
Incidents
On March 15, 2018, a partially completed bridge at Florida International University collapsed five days after it was placed using this method. FIU is home to the Accelerated Bridge Construction University Transportation Center, a federally-funded center. FIU planned an independent investigation into the cause of the collapse.[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/us/florida-international-university-bridge.html Bridge Collapse Saps Spirits and Research Efforts at Florida International University], By PATRICIA MAZZEI and STEPHANIE SAUL, New York Times, MARCH 17, 2018
References
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