Rat coronavirus
{{Short description|Strain of virus}}
{{Virusbox
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| parent = Embecovirus
| species = Murine coronavirus
| strain = Rat coronavirus
| subdivision_ranks = Strains
| subdivision =
- Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV)
- Parker's Rat Coronavirus (PRC)
- CARS
- RCV-BCMM
- RCV-W
- RCV-NJ
}}
Rat coronavirus, or RCV, is a strain or subspecies of Murine coronavirus that infects rats. The earliest discovered strains of Rat coronavirus were Sialodacryoadenitis virus, also known as SDAV, and Parker's Rat Coronavirus (PRC). Four other substrains have since been discovered; CARS, RCV-BCMM, RCV-W and RCV-NJ.{{Cite journal|title=Rat Coronavirus|url=https://www.nfrs.org/articles_sdav.html|issue=171|date=May–June 2009|author=Ann Story|journal=Pro-Rat-a|access-date=2020-06-11}}
Virology
The viral particles of RCV are irregular to round and about 120 to 160 nm in size. They cannot be distinguished morphologically from other members of the genus Coronavirus.
Genome
The rat coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus with positive polarity that is approximately 27 to 33 kb long.{{Cite journal|last1=Yoo|first1=Dongwan|last2=Pei|first2=Yanlong|last3=Christie|first3=Natasha|last4=Cooper|first4=Melissa|date=July 2000|title=Primary Structure of the Sialodacryoadenitis Virus Genome: Sequence of the Structural-Protein Region and Its Application for Differential Diagnosis|journal=Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology|volume=7|issue=4|pages=568–573|doi=10.1128/cdli.7.4.568-573.2000|issn=1071-412X|pmid=10882653|pmc=95915}}
Substrains
Sialodacryoadenitis virus, or SDAV affects the upper respiratory tract{{Cite web|title=Coronaviruses (RCV and SDAV)|url=http://dora.missouri.edu/rats/coronaviruses-rcv-and-sdav/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=dora.missouri.edu}}{{Cite web|title=Taxonomy browser (Embecovirus)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=2509481&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock|access-date=2020-06-08|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}} and can be transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol. It causes the disease Sialodacryoadenitis, the primary symptom of which are tropism of the salivary, lachrymal and harderian glands. Most infections are mild, but acute infections have high morbidity. It is spread among laboratory animals as well as in pets.
Parker's rat coronavirus, or PRC and most other rat coronavirus strains cause respiratory illness. Both SDAV and PRC can cause lesions in the lungs.{{cite journal|vauthors=Funk CJ, Manzer R, Miura TA, Groshong SD, Ito Y, Travanty EA, Leete J, Holmes KV, Mason RJ|title=Rat respiratory coronavirus infection: replication in airway and alveolar epithelial cells and the innate immune response|date=December 2009|journal=J Gen Virol|volume=90|issue=12|pages=2956–2964|doi=10.1099/vir.0.014282-0|pmc=2887555|pmid=19741068}}