Ratko Parežanin
{{short description|Writer and journalist of Serb ethnic origin}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ratko Parežanin
| image = Ratko Parežanin.png
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = Ратко Парежанин
| native_name_lang = sr
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1898|02|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Konjic, Austria-Hungary (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|5|20|1898|2|24|df=y}}
| death_place = Munich, Western Germany
| nationality = Austrian, Yugoslav, British and West German
| other_names =
| occupation = Writer and journalist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
Ratko Parežanin ({{langx|sr|Ратко Парежанин}}) was Austrian, Yugoslav, British and Western German writer and journalist of Serb ethnic origin.
Family
The father of Ratko Parežanin, Vidak Parežanin, was Serb Orthodox priest hanged by the Austrians during the WWI.{{sfn|Trbić|Drašković|Ristevski|1996|p=270|ps=: "Ратко Парежанин син је попа Парежанина, кога су Аустријанци, за време Првог светског рата, обесили"}} His mother Mileva gave birth to Ratko in Konjic, then in Austria-Hungary, on 24 February 1898.{{sfn|Subotić|2001|p=4|ps=:"Ратко Парежанин је рођен 24. фебруара 1898. године у Коњицу у Херцеговини, од оца Видака који је од стране ау- стријских власти због патриотског рада"}}
Early life
Parežanin was the youngest member of the Young Bosnia movement whose roommate in Belgrade in one period was Gavrilo Princip.{{cite news |last=Vlahović |first=Siniša |date=2 June 2002 |title=Crnogorci su od Njegoša Jugosloveni |url=http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2002/06/02/srpski/I02060102.shtml |work= Glas Javnosti |location=Serbia |access-date=14 September 2018 }} After the Assassination of Ferdinand on 28 June 1914, Paržanin, who was 16 at that time, was arrested and put into Arad prison.
Interwar period
In period between 1929 and 1933, Parežanin was an attaché for journalists at Yugoslav embassy in Wien.{{sfn|Pajović|Željeznov|Božović|1987|p=108|ps=:"Ratko PAREŽANIN, pripadnik fašističke organizacije Zbor. Od 1929. do 1933. ataše za štampu u Beču. Pod okupacijom urednik Ljotićevog lista »Naša borba« i rukovodilac Vaspitnog odseka SDK. Pobjegao iz zemlje 1944. i nastavio raditi ..."}} In 1934 Parežanin was responsible for scholarly profile of newly founded {{clarify |date=December 2021}} Institute for Balkan Studies.{{cite web |title=INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES |url=http://www.balkaninstitut.com/eng/ |publisher=Balkan Institute |access-date=16 September 2018}} Parežanin was director of the Institute since its founding in 1934 until it was disbanded by German occupying authorities in 1941.
During WWII
When German occupying authorities approved publishing of the new daily newspaper "Our Struggle" ({{langx|sr|Наша Борба}}) on 25 August 1941, Parežanin was appointed as its editor.{{sfn|Božović|1998|p=319}}
= Mission in Montenegro =
In the end of 1944 Milan Nedić and Dimitrije Ljotić {{clarify |date=December 2021}}sent Parežanin and 30 members of his mission to visit Pavle Đurišić and convince him to retreat to Slovenia and to use the retreat of the German troops to do so. Parežanin left Belgrade on 4 October 1944.{{sfn|Latas|1979|p=326|ps=: "Парежанинова група, која је пошла из Београда 4. октобра 1944, вратила се у Словенију 15. јануара 1945,..."}} He travelled via Raška, Prizren and Skadar to reach Đurišić's headquarter in mid-October.{{sfn|Pajović|1977|p=515}}
Đurišić refused Parežanins proposal because he believed that German troops will remain in Montenegro.{{sfn|Kovačević|1993|p=48}} For some time Parežanin and 32 members of his mission stayed with Đurišić in his headquarter in Donja Gorica near Podgorica.{{sfn|Kovačević|1993|p=48}} When in mid-November 1944 German troops began their retreat to Sarajevo via Kolašin, Prijepolje and Višegrad, Đurišićs Chetniks were concerned because they perceived German units as their support against the Communist forces.{{sfn|Pajović|1977|p=518}}
On 27 November 1944 Đurišićs troops were informed {{by whom?|date=December 2021}} about the order of Mihailović who requested that all Chetnik forces should concentrate on the line Višegrad - Foča - Goražde - Kalinovik in Bosnia and wait for Allied forces who were expected to penetrate into Bosnia after invading of the Adriatic coast. On the other hand, Parežanin continued to follow the plan set by Dimitrije Ljotić, to gather all national forces in Slovenia and with help of the Allies liberate Yugoslavia from Communist forces. That is why Parežanin insisted that Đurišić and his troops retreat to Slovenia. Germans refused the proposal of Đurišić to retreat together. At the end Đurišić decided to refuse proposal of Parežanin and decided to follow orders of Mihailović to retreat to Bosnia and wait for Allied forces with other Chetnik forces.{{cite news |last= Koprivica |first=Veseljko |date=27 March 2009 |title= Od Vezirovog do Zidanog mosta |url=http://www.monitor.co.me/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=600:povlaenje-iz-crne-gore&catid=244:broj-962&Itemid=1767 |work=Monitor |location= Montenegro |access-date= 14 September 2018 }}
Parežanin and his mission stayed in Montenegro for more than two months.{{sfn|Pajović|1977|p=518}} At the beginning January,{{sfn|Pajović|1977|p=518}} when Parežanin realised that he failed to convince Đurišić to follow Ljotićs plan, he and members of his mission split with Đurišićs forces in Prijepolje and Parežanin and his mission reached Slovenia on 15 January 1945, after travelling through Sarajevo, Slavonski Brod and Zagreb. In Slovenia they joined forces of Ljotić and Nedić.{{cite news |last= Koprivica |first=Veseljko |date=27 March 2009 |title= Od Vezirovog do Zidanog mosta |url=http://www.monitor.co.me/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=600:povlaenje-iz-crne-gore&catid=244:broj-962&Itemid=1767 |work=Monitor |location= Montenegro |access-date= 14 September 2018 }} According to some sources, Germans selected five groups of men among national forces, each with ten to forty members. They sent them to training for terrorist actions to Kaiserwald and Nojshterlitz. Parežanin was leader of one of the groups.{{sfn|Milovanović|1985|p=230}}
In March 1945, Đurišić regretted because he chose the wrong retreat route stating: "If I have followed advice of Parežanin I would already been in Slovenia with my people, probably even before Đujić.{{sfn|Milovanović|1985|p=230}}{{cite book|title=Bilten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnQOAQAAMAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Udruźenja|page=32|quote= ...да сам послушао Парежанина,ја бих са својим људима већ био у Словенији - може бити и пре Ђујића}}
Bibliography
The bibliography of Ratko Parežanin includes:
- {{cite book|title=Drugi svetski rat i Dimitrije V. Ljotić|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8YMAAAAIAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Iskra|language=Serbian}}
- {{cite book|title=Moja misija u Crnoj Gori|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEYDAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Iskra}}
- {{cite book|title=Mlada Bosna i prvi svetski rat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uLUiAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Iskra|language=Serbian}}
- {{cite book|title=Za balkansko jedinstvo: Osnivanje, program i rad Balkanskog instituta u Beogradu (1934-1941)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYEvAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Iskra|language=Serbian}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|last1=Trbić|first1=Vasilije|last2=Drašković|first2=Aleksandar|last3=Ristevski|first3=Stojanče|title=Memoari: 1912-1918, 1941-1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAoWAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Kultura|isbn=9788678010132}}
- {{cite book|last=Subotić|first=Dragan|title=Balkanske teme Ratka Parežanina: godine učenja i sazrevanja : 1910-1934|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zg0_AQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Inst. za Političke Studije}}
- {{cite book|last=Božović|first=Branislav|title=Beograd pod komesarskom upravom 1941 godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l37zAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=In-t za savremenu istoriju}}
- {{cite book|last1=Pajović|first1=Radoje|last2=Željeznov|first2=Dušan|last3=Božović|first3=Branislav|title=Pavle Đurišić, Lovro Hacin, Juraj Špiler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iE0NAAAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Centar za informacije i publicitet|isbn=978-86-7125-006-1}}
- {{cite book|last=Latas|first=Branko|title=Četnički pokret Draže Mihailovića: 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AaS3AAAAIAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod}}
- {{cite book|last=Kovačević|first=Branislav|title=Od Vezirovog do Zidanog mosta: tragična sudbina crnogorskih četnika u završnoj fazi rata: 1944-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhtNAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|isbn=9788635501895}}
- {{cite book|last=Milovanović|first=Nikola B.|title=Draža Mihailović|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_McAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Centar za informacije i publicitet}}
- {{cite book | last = Pajović | first = Radoje | year = 1977 | title = Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret 1941–1945 |url= https://znaci.org/00003/639.pdf| publisher = Obod | location = Cetinje, Yugoslavia | language = Serbo-Croatian}}
{{refend}}
{{Young Bosnia}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parezanin, Ratko}}
Category:Yugoslav emigrants to West Germany