Rayleigh Windmill
{{Short description|Windmill in Rayleigh, Essex, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Windmill
|name = Rayleigh Mill
|image = Rayleigh Windmill at night.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption = The floodlit mill, July 2006
|name_of_mill =Rayleigh Mill
|location_of_mill = {{oscoor|TQ807910|TQ 807 910}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|51.588|0.607|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
|operator =Rochford District Council
|built =1809
|purpose =Corn mill
|type =Tower mill
|storeys =Six storeys
|sail_number =Four sails
|sail_type =Two Spring sails and two Common sails
|windshaft =Cast iron
|winding =Fantail
|fantail_blades =Six blades
|auxpower =steam engine, then an oil engine, then an electric motor
|pairs_of_millstones=Three pairs
|stone_size =
|other =
}}
Rayleigh Windmill is a grade II listed{{NHLE| num= 1147890| desc =THE OLD WINDMILL, BELLINHGHAM LANE, RAYLEIGH, ROCHFORD, ESSEX| access-date= 2008-08-10}} Tower mill at Rayleigh, Essex, England which has been restored as a landmark and is used as a museum.
History
Rayleigh Windmill was built in 1809 for Thomas Higgs, a timber merchant of Rayleigh. Higgs was bankrupt in 1815 and the mill was sold to William Hart of Woodham Mortimer in 1817. Hart sold the mill to George Britton in 1845 and the mill passed to his sons John and Samuel in 1869. £150 was spent putting the mill into repair. The Britton brothers left Rayleigh in 1884 and were bankrupt in 1886. Thomas James Brown was the next miller, and the last to work the mill by wind c1907. The cap and sails were removed c1909 and the mill was worked by a steam engine{{cite web|url=http://www.rochford.gov.uk/rdc/PDF/leisure_windmill_vol.pdf|title=The Windmill, Rayleigh| publisher=Rochford District Council|access-date=2008-08-10}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} then an oil engine and latterly by electric motor until at least 1937.{{cite book | first = Kenneth| last = Farries| year = 1985| title = Essex Windmills, Millers and Millwrights - Volume Four - A Review by Parishes, F-R| pages =109–112| publisher = Charles Skilton| location = Edinburgh| isbn = 0-284-98647-X}}
The mill was taken over for use as a museum by Rayleigh and District Antiquarian and Natural History Society, formally opening on 16 May 1970. The capless mill stood for many years with a crenellated top but in 1972 Rayleigh Urban District Council launched an appeal to restore the mill as a landmark. By the autumn of 1974 a new cap and sails had been made and fitted by millwrights John Lawn and Philip Barrett-Lennard.
In 2005, restoration work costing £340,000 was funded by the Thames Gateway South Essex Partnership.{{cite web|url=http://www.windmillworld.com/news/archive18.htm#428|title=Works starts on Rayleigh Windmill|publisher=Windmill World|access-date=2008-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514032532/http://www.windmillworld.com/news/archive18.htm#428|archive-date=2008-05-14|url-status=dead}}
Description
{{for|an explanation of the various pieces of machinery|Mill machinery}}
Rayleigh Windmill is a six-storey tower mill with a Kentish cap winded by a six-bladed fantail. The mill had two single Spring sails and two Common sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The tower has no batter until second-floor level, where the stage is. The tower is {{convert|20|ft|m|2}} diameter at base level and {{convert|11|ft|m|2}} internal diameter at the curb. The brickwork is {{convert|4|ft|6|in|m}} thick at base level and at curb level it is thickened out to {{convert|3|ft|mm}}. The mill is {{convert|60|ft|m|2}} high to the top of the cap. The mill drove three pairs of millstones.
Millers
Public access
External links
- [http://www.windmillworld.com/millid/2709.htm Windmill World] webpage on Rayleigh Windmill