Raymond Briggs

{{About||the British general|Raymond Briggs (British Army officer)|the American general|Raymond Westcott Briggs}}

{{Infobox comics creator

| name = Raymond Briggs
CBE

| image = Strips, schrijvers, kernwapens, Briggs, Raymond, Bestanddeelnr 932-5852 (cropped).jpg

| caption = Briggs in 1983

| birth_name = Raymond Redvers Briggs

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1934|1|18|df=y}}

| birth_place = Wimbledon, England

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|8|09|1934|1|18|df=y}}

| death_place = Brighton, England

| area = {{cslist |Artist |writer |cartoonist |graphic novelist |illustrator}}

| alias =

| signature =

| notable works = {{plainlist|

Father Christmas
The Bear
Fungus the Bogeyman
The Snowman
When the Wind Blows
{{#ifexist:Jim and the Beanstalk|Jim and the Beanstalk}}
Ug
Ethel & Ernest

}}

| awards = {{plainlist|

{{Awd|Kate Greenaway Medal|1966, 1973}}
{{Awd|Horn Book Award|1979}}
{{Awd|British Book Award|1993, 1999}}}}

| website =

|spouse={{Marriage|Jean Taprell Clarke |1963|1973|end=her death}}}}

Raymond Redvers Briggs {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}} (18 January 1934 – 9 August 2022){{Cite news|last=Lea|first=Richard |date=10 August 2022 |title=Snowman author Raymond Briggs dies aged 88 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/10/snowman-author-raymond-briggs-dies-aged-88 |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |language=en}} was an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist and author. Achieving critical and popular success among adults and children, he is best known in Britain for his 1978 story The Snowman, a book without words whose cartoon adaptation is televised and whose musical adaptation is staged every Christmas.{{Cite news| url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,1375227,00.html | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bloomin' Christmas | first=Nicholas | last=Wroe | date=18 December 2004 | access-date=22 May 2010}}

Briggs won the 1966 and 1973 Kate Greenaway Medals from the British Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. For the 50th anniversary of the Medal (1955–2005), a panel named Father Christmas (1973) one of the top-ten winning works, which composed the ballot for a public election of the nation's favourite. For his contribution as a children's illustrator, Briggs was a runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1984. He was a patron of the Association of Illustrators.{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaoi.com/about.php|title=Association of Illustrators|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712103223/http://www.theaoi.com/about.php|archive-date=12 July 2016}}

Early life

Raymond Redvers Briggs was born on 18 January 1934 in Wimbledon, Surrey (now London), to Ernest Redvers Briggs (1900–1971), a milkman, and Ethel Bowyer (1895–1971), a former lady's maid-turned-housewife, who married in 1930.Debrett's People of Today, ed. Lucy Hume, Debrett's Ltd, 2017, p. 728{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/10/booksforchildrenandteenagers|title=Raymond Briggs: Big kid, 'old git' and still in the rudest of health|date=9 August 2008}} During the Second World War, he was evacuated to Dorset before returning to London at the end of the war.{{Cite news |title=Raymond Briggs obituary: An illustrious career |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38652946 |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=BBC News |date=10 August 2022}}

Briggs attended Rutlish School, at that time a grammar school, pursued cartooning from an early age and, despite his father's attempts to discourage him from this unprofitable pursuit, attended the Wimbledon School of Art from 1949 to 1953 to study painting, and Central School of Art to study typography.[http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1481587757/briggs_raymond.html Raymond Briggs] Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201005158/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1481587757/briggs_raymond.html |date=1 February 2009 }}

From 1953 to 1955, he was a National Service conscript in the Royal Corps of Signals at Catterick, where he was made a draughtsman. After this, he returned to study painting at Slade School of Fine Art, graduating in 1957.{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/10/books/raymond-briggs-dead.html|title = Raymond Briggs, Who Drew a Wordless 'Snowman,' Dies at 88|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 10 August 2022|accessdate = 10 August 2022|last = Bailey|first = Jason M.|url-access = limited}}

Career

After briefly pursuing painting, he became a professional illustrator, and soon began working in children's books. In 1958, he illustrated Peter and the Piskies: Cornish Folk and Fairy Tales, a fairy tale anthology by Ruth Manning-Sanders that was published by Oxford University Press. They would collaborate again for the Hamish Hamilton Book of Magical Beasts (Hamilton, 1966).

In 1961, Briggs began teaching illustration part-time at Brighton School of Art, which he continued until 1986;[http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1481587757/briggs_raymond.html Briggs, Raymond – MSN Encarta]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201005158/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1481587757/briggs_raymond.html |date=1 February 2009 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.readyourselfraw.com/profiles/briggs/profile_briggs.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719233625/http://www.readyourselfraw.com/profiles/briggs/profile_briggs.htm|url-status=dead|title=read yourself RAW – Profile: Raymond Briggs|archivedate=19 July 2009}} one of his students was Chris Riddell, who went on to win three Greenaway Medals.{{Cite web|url=http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/alumni-arts/chris-riddell|title = Chris Riddell}} Briggs was a commended runner-up for the 1964 Kate Greenaway Medal (Fee Fi Fo Fum, a collection of nursery rhymes){{Efn |name=HC}} and won the 1966 Medal for illustrating a Hamilton edition of Mother Goose. According to a retrospective presentation by the librarians, The Mother Goose Treasury "is a collection of 408 traditional and well loved poems and nursery rhymes, illustrated with over 800 colour pictures by a young Raymond Briggs".

The first three important works that Briggs both wrote and illustrated were in comics format rather than the separate text and illustrations typical of children's books; all three were published by Hamish Hamilton. Father Christmas (1973) and its sequel Father Christmas Goes on Holiday (1975); both feature a curmudgeonly Father Christmas who complains incessantly about the "blooming snow". For the former, he won his second Greenaway. Much later they were jointly adapted as a film titled Father Christmas. The third early Hamilton "comics" was Fungus the Bogeyman (1977), featuring a day in the life of a working class bogeyman.{{cite web |title=Fungus the Bogeyman Season 1 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-uxaymt/fungus-the-bogeyman-season-1/ |website=Radio Times |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}

The Snowman (Hamilton, 1978) was entirely wordless, and illustrated with only pencil crayons. The work was partly motivated by his previous book; Briggs wrote that "For two years I worked on Fungus, buried amongst muck, slime and words, so... I wanted to do something which was clean, pleasant, fresh and wordless and quick." For that work Briggs was a Highly Commended runner-up for his third Greenaway Medal.{{Efn |name=HC}}

An American edition was produced by Random House in the same year, for which Briggs won the Boston Globe–Horn Book Award, picture book category. In 1982, it was adapted by British TV channel Channel 4 as an animated cartoon, with a short narrated introduction by David Bowie.{{citation | title= 'Let's all remember David Bowie's forgotten intro for 'The Snowman' | publisher= NME new musical express | year=2016 | url= https://www.nme.com/blogs/tv-blogs/lets-remember-david-bowies-forgotten-intro-snowman-1920311}} It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1982, and has since been shown every year on British television (except 1984).{{cite news |last1=Anjorin |first1=Israel |title=Raymond Briggs, a Snowman author has passed away at age 88 – Death |url=https://snbc13.com/raymond-briggs-a-snowman-author-has-passed-away-at-age-88-death/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |work=SNBC13.com |date=10 August 2022}} On Christmas Eve 2012 the 30th anniversary of the original was marked by the airing of the sequel The Snowman and the Snowdog.{{Cite news |last1=Lawson |first1=Mark |author1-link=Mark Lawson |title=The Snowman and the Snowdog: the pitfalls of remakes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2012/dec/14/the-snowman-and-snowdog-remakes |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=14 December 2012 |language=en}}

Briggs continued to work in a similar format, but with more adult content, in Gentleman Jim (1980), a sombre look at the working class trials of Jim and Hilda Bloggs, closely based on his parents. When the Wind Blows (1982) confronted the trusting, optimistic Bloggs couple with the horror of nuclear war, and was praised in the House of Commons for its timeliness and originality. The topic was inspired after Briggs watched a Panorama documentary on nuclear contingency planning, and the dense format of the page was inspired by a Swiss publisher's miniature version of Father Christmas. This book was turned into a two-handed radio play with Peter Sallis in the male lead role, and subsequently an animated film, featuring John Mills and Peggy Ashcroft.{{IMDb title|0090315|When the Wind Blows}}. Confirmed 4 December 2012. The Tin-Pot Foreign General and the Old Iron Woman (1984) was a denunciation of the Falklands War.{{Cite news |title=Raymond Briggs, Snowman author, dies aged 88 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/obituary-snowman-author-raymond-briggs-dies-aged-88-hdlmr9td7 |access-date=10 August 2022 |work=The Times |language=en|url-access = subscription}}

Personal life and death

Briggs's wife Jean Taprell Clarke, who had schizophrenia, died from leukaemia in 1973, two years after his parents' death. They did not have any children.{{Cite news |last1=Jordan |first1=Justine |title=Raymond Briggs: 'Everything takes so bloody long when you're old' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/21/raymond-briggs-interview-time-for-lights-out |work=The Guardian |date=21 December 2019}}

At the end of his life, Briggs lived in a small house in Westmeston, Sussex.{{Cite web|url=http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/8757316.Snowman_author_says___I_hate_Christmas_/ |title=Snowman author says: "I hate Christmas" (From The Argus) |last=Walker |first=Emily |publisher=Theargus.co.uk |date=24 December 2010 |access-date=23 July 2012 }} His long-term partner, Liz, died in October 2015 having had Parkinson's disease. Briggs continued to work on writing and illustrating books.

Briggs died of pneumonia at Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton on 9 August 2022, aged 88.

He is buried in East Chiltington.

Awards and honours

Briggs won the 1992 Kurt Maschler Award, or the "Emil", both for writing and for illustrating The Man, a short graphic novel featuring a boy and a homunculus. The award annually recognised one British children's book for integration of text and illustration. His graphic novel Ethel & Ernest, which portrayed his parents' 41-year marriage, won Best Illustrated Book in the 1999 British Book Awards. In 2016, it was turned into a hand-drawn animated film. In 2012, he was the first person to be inducted into the British Comic Awards Hall of Fame.{{Cite web |url=http://britishcomicawards.com/hall-of-fame-raymond-briggs/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311073030/http://britishcomicawards.com/hall-of-fame-raymond-briggs/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 }}

In 2014, Briggs received the Phoenix Picture Book Award from the Children's Literature Association for The Bear (1994). The award committee stated:

With surprising page-turns, felicitous pauses, and pitch-perfect dialogue, Briggs renders the drama and humour of child–adult and child–bear relations, while questioning the nature of imagination and reality. As a picture book presented in graphic novel format, Briggs's work was ground-breaking when first published and remains cutting edge twenty years later in its creative unity of text and picture.[http://issuu.com/meetingexpectations/docs/chla_newsletter_autumn_2013 ChLA Newsletter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184931/http://issuu.com/meetingexpectations/docs/chla_newsletter_autumn_2013 |date=14 July 2014 }}, Vol. 20, Issue 2 (Autumn 2013)]. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2014-07-12.

The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books. Briggs was one of two runners-up for the illustration award in 1984.

He has also won several awards for particular works.

1966 Kate Greenaway Medal, for The Mother Goose Treasury
1973 Kate Greenaway Medal, for Father Christmas
1977 Francis Williams Award for Illustration (Victoria and Albert Museum), for Father Christmas{{cite web |title=Father Christmas {{!}} {{!}} raymond briggs {{!}} raymond briggs {{!}} V&A Explore The Collections |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1594216/father-christmas-book-raymond-briggs/ |website=Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections |access-date=11 August 2022}}
1979 Boston Globe–Horn Book Award (US), for The Snowman{{cite web |title=Past Boston Globe–Horn Book Award Winners |url=https://www.hbook.com/story/past-boston-globe-horn-book-award-winners |website=The Horn Book |access-date=11 August 2022}}
1979 Silver Pen Award (Netherlands){{cite web |title=Author-illustrator Raymond Briggs dies age 88 :: NEWS |url=https://www.sla.org.uk/article/hannah-groves/author-illustrator-raymond-briggs-dies-age-88/2597 |website=School Library Association |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}
1982 Children's Rights Workshop Other Award{{cite web |title=Raymond Briggs's Christmas Little Library – Raymond Briggs; {{!}} Foyles Bookstore |url=https://www.foyles.co.uk/witem/childrens/raymond-briggss-christmas-little,raymond-briggs-9780141333199 |website=www.foyles.co.uk |access-date=11 August 2022}}
1982 Francis Williams Award for Illustration, for The Snowman
1992 Kurt Maschler Award, for The Man
1992 Children's Author of the Year, British Book Awards
1998 Illustrated Book of the Year, British Book Awards, for Ethel & Ernest
2012 British Comic Awards Hall of Fame{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title='The Snowman' Creator Raymond Briggs Dies Age 88 |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/people/passings/the-snowman-creator-raymond-briggs-dies-age-88/#:~:text=Over%20the%20course%20of%20his,Empire%20(CBE)%20in%202017. |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=10 August 2022}}
2014 Phoenix Picture Book Award for The Bear
Fee Fi Fo Fum (1964) and The Snowman (1978) were Commended and Highly Commended runners-up for the Greenaway Medal.{{Efn |name=HC}}
Ug was silver runner-up for the 2001 Nestlé Smarties Book Prize.{{cite news |title=6000 children search for the next Harry Potter |work=PR Newswire |date=6 December 2001}}

The National Portrait Gallery, London, holds several photographic portraits of Briggs in its permanent collection.{{Cite web |title=Raymond Briggs – Person – National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp17915 |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=National Portrait Gallery, London}}

Briggs was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to literature.{{London Gazette|issue=61962|supp=y|page=B8|date=17 June 2017}} A book about his life's work entitled Raymond Briggs: The Illustrators was written by Nicolette Jones and published in 2020.{{Cite web |title=The grumpy genius of Raymond Briggs |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-grumpy-genius-of-raymond-briggs |website=spectator.com |access-date=4 January 2021}}

Selected works

Peter and the Piskies: Cornish Folk and Fairy Tales (1958), retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders and illustrated by Briggs{{cite web |title=Peter and the Piskies. Cornish folk and fairy tales. Illustrated by Raymond Briggs. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/504679024 |website=WorldCat |publisher=London |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1958}}
The Fair to Middling (1959), by Arthur Calder-Marshall. Rupert Hart-Davis, London{{cite web |title=The Fair to Middling, etc. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/562528053 |publisher=London |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1959}}
The Strange House (1961), by Briggs
Midnight Adventure (1961), by Briggs
Ring-a-ring o' Roses (1962), a collection of nursery rhymes{{cite web |title=Ring-a-ring o' roses |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/427326320 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022}}
Sledges to the Rescue (1963), by Briggs
Fee Fi Fo Fum (1964) – a picture book of nursery rhymes{{cite web |title=Fee fi fo fum. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/221563901 |website=WorldCat |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1964}}
The Mother Goose Treasury (Hamilton, 1966), from Mother Goose – winner of the Kate Greenaway Medal
The Christmas Book (1968), by James Reeves{{cite web |title=The Christmas book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1072703777 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1968}}
Shackleton's Epic Voyage (1969), by Michael Brown{{cite web |title=Shackleton's epic voyage |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21346779 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1969}}
Jim and the Beanstalk (1971), by Briggs{{cite web |title=Jim and the beanstalk |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/477456809 |website=WorldCat |publisher=Hamilton |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1970}}
Father Christmas (1973), by Briggs – winner of the Kate Greenaway Medal
Father Christmas Goes on Holiday (1975), by Briggs{{cite web |title=Father Christmas goes on holiday. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1160085804 |website=WorldCat |publisher=H. Hamilton |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1975}}
Fungus the Bogeyman (1977), by Briggs{{cite web |title=Fungus the Bogeyman. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/614569801 |website=WorldCat |publisher=H. Hamilton |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1977}}
The Snowman (1978){{cite web |title=The Snowman |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/604767706 |website=WorldCat |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1978}}
Gentleman Jim (1980), by Briggs{{cite web |title=Gentleman Jim |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256980252 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1980}}
When the Wind Blows (1982), by Briggs{{cite web |title=When the wind blows |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/475374764 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1982}}
The Tin-Pot Foreign General and the Old Iron Woman (1984), by Briggs{{cite web |title=The tin-pot foreign general and the old iron woman |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/767534160 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1984}}
All in a Day (1986), written by Mitsumasa Anno, illustrated by Anno and others{{cite web |title=All in a day |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1295474228 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1986}}
Unlucky Wally (1987){{cite web |title=Unlucky Wally |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18960489 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1988}}
Unlucky Wally 20 Years On (1989){{cite web |title=Unlucky Wally twenty years on |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61314600 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1989}}
The Man (1992), by Briggs{{cite web |title=The man |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246621562 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1992}}
The Bear (1994), by Briggs{{cite web |title=The Bear |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1121281166 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1994}}
Ethel & Ernest: A True Story (1998){{cite web |title=Ethel & Ernest |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/877686381 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=1998}}
Ug: Boy Genius of the Stone Age (2001), by Briggs{{cite web |title=Ug: boy genius of the stone age and his search for soft trousers |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/939120982 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=2001}}
The Adventures of Bert, by Allan Ahlberg (2001){{cite web |title=The adventures of Bert |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/824193265 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=2001}}
A Bit More Bert, by Allan Ahlberg (2002){{cite web |title=A bit more Bert |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/758872668 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=2002}}
The Puddleman (2004){{cite web |title=The puddleman |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55968105 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=English |date=2004}}
Notes from the Sofa (2014){{cite web |title=Notes From the Sofa |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1088334054 |website=WorldCat |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=English |date=2014}}
Time for lights out (2019)

Adaptations

The Snowman (1982){{cite web |title=Raymond Briggs |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba12d7ba6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114204133/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba12d7ba6 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2018 |website=BFI |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}
When the Wind Blows (1983) BBC radio adaptation with Peter Sallis and Brenda Bruce{{cite web |title=BBC Programme Index |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/9144b6c80b9b4c7c97d8da016c46f047 |website=BBC Genome |access-date=11 August 2022}}
When the Wind Blows (1983) Little Theatre, Bristol and Whitehall Theatre, London.
When the Wind Blows (1986) film adaptation with Peggy Ashcroft and John Mills{{cite web |title=When the Wind Blows (1986) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b788d2f86 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915124926/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b788d2f86 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2016 |website=BFI |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en}}
Father Christmas (1991)
The Bear (1998)
Ivor the Invisible (2001)
Fungus the Bogeyman (2004)
Gentleman Jim (2008) BBC radio adaptation{{cite web |title=BBC Programme Index |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b00s6svq |website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk |access-date=11 August 2022}}
Father Christmas Stage adaptation by Pins and Needles Productions at the Lyric Hammersmith, 2012
Fungus the Bogeyman (2015) A 3-part television adaptation, featuring Timothy Spall and Victoria Wood shown on Sky1 in December 2015.{{Cite web|url=http://www.sky.com/tv/show/fungus-the-bogeyman/article/about |title=Fungus the Bogeyman: Timothy Spall Leads All-Star Cast |publisher=Sky |access-date=23 September 2015}}{{Cite web|url=http://go.sky.com/catchup/series/content/series/520f1f5a515c1510VgnVCM1000000b43150a____|title=Fungus The Bogeyman Series 1|publisher=Sky |access-date=2 January 2016}}
Ethel & Ernest (2016){{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Raymond Briggs, 'The Snowman' Creator, Dies at 88 |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/raymond-briggs-dead-dies-the-snowman-1235337694/ |website=Variety |access-date=11 August 2022 |date=10 August 2022}}

Explanatory notes

{{Notelist |25em |notes=

{{Efn |name=HC |1=

Today there are usually eight books on the Greenaway Medal shortlist.

According to CCSU, some runners-up were Commended (from 1959) or Highly Commended (from 1974). There were 99 distinctions of both kinds in 44 years including three for 1964, three 1978. There were 31 high commendations in 29 years including Briggs alone for 1978.

• Only Chris Riddell has won three Greenaways. Among the fourteen illustrators with two Medals, Briggs is one of seven with one book named to the top ten (1955–2005) and also one of seven with at least one Highly Commended runner-up (1974–2002), led by Helen Oxenbury with two Medals and four HC.

}}

References

{{Reflist |refs=

[http://web.ccsu.edu/library/nadeau/award%20books/KateGreenaway.htm "Kate Greenaway Medal"]. 2007?. Curriculum Lab. Elihu Burritt Library. Central Connecticut State University (CCSU). Retrieved 25 June 2012.

[http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/celebration/top_tens.php?action=list "70 Years Celebration: Anniversary Top Tens"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027022418/http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/celebration/top_tens.php?action=list |date=27 October 2016 }}. The CILIP Carnegie & Kate Greenaway Children's Book Awards. CILIP. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

[http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=42 (Greenaway Winner 1966)]. Living Archive: Celebrating the Carnegie and Greenaway Winners. CILIP. Retrieved 14 July 2012.

[http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/livingarchive/title.php?id=34 (Greenaway Winner 1973)]. Living Archive: Celebrating the Carnegie and Greenaway Winners. CILIP. Retrieved 14 July 2012.

[http://www.ibby.org/index.php?id=273 "Hans Christian Andersen Awards"]. International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY). Retrieved 28 July 2013.

[http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=14769&viewmode=fullscreen&scale=3.33&rotate=&page=105 "Candidates for the Hans Christian Andersen Awards 1956–2002"]. The Hans Christian Andersen Awards, 1956–2002. IBBY. Gyldendal. 2002. Pages 110–18. Hosted by Austrian Literature Online (literature.at). Retrieved 28 July 2013.

[http://www.bookawards.bizland.com/kurt_maschler_award_for_children.htm "Kurt Maschler Awards"]. Book Awards. bizland.com. Retrieved 6 October 2013.

[http://literature.britishcouncil.org/raymond-briggs "Raymond Briggs"]. British Council: Literature. Retrieved 4 December 2012.

[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/nov/02/comics "Why I'd like to be a proper author: Strip cartoons are a botheration for Raymond Briggs"]. Raymond Briggs. The Guardian 1 November 2002. Confirmed 4 December 2012.

[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/dec/20/raymond-briggs-the-snowman "Guardian book club: Week two: Raymond Briggs on Father Christmas's terrible job ..."]. Raymond Briggs with John Mullan. The Guardian. 20 December 2008.

[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/aug/10/booksforchildrenandteenagers "Big kid, 'old git' and still in the rudest of health"]. Rachel Cooke. The Observer. 10 August 2008. Confirmed 4 December 2012.

[http://www.puffin.co.uk/nf/Author/AuthorPage/0,,1000005183,00.html#BIO "Raymond Briggs"]. Puffin Books Authors. Puffin Books. Confirmed 4 December 2012.

• Biography; Interview; Bibliography "Published by Puffin Books"

}}

External links

{{IMDb name|id=0109076|name=Raymond Briggs}}
{{British council |raymond-briggs}}
{{IBList |type=author|id=1268|name=Raymond Briggs}}
[http://panelborders.wordpress.com/2009/01/08/panel-borders-the-work-of-raymond-briggs/ "Panel Borders: The Work of Raymond Briggs"] radio interview broadcast 8 January 2009 (audio)
[http://www.kirkusreviews.com/search/?q=briggs,%20raymond&page=1&to_include=title_archive Search Raymond Briggs] at Kirkus Reviews
[http://comicsbulletin.com/tag/raymond-briggs/ Articles on Raymond Briggs] at Comics Bulletin
{{Discogs artist|Raymond Briggs (2)}}