Raza Library
{{Short description|A repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox library|
| name = Raza Library
| image = Front view of Rampur Raza Library.jpg
| caption = Front view of Rampur Raza Library
| country = India
| type = Public library
| established =
| location = Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|28.812327295199776|79.0233623495845}}
| num_branches =
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| legal_deposit = Yes
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| website = {{URL|http://razalibrary.gov.in/}}
}}
The Rampur Raza Library (Rāmpur Razā Kitāb Khāna) located in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage established in the last decades of the 18th century. It was built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and is now managed by the Government of India, named after Raza Ali Khan Bahadur.{{cite journal |last1=Partington |first1=D. H. |title=Review of Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in Raza Library, Rampur, Imtiyāż 'Alī 'Arshī; A Descriptive Catalogue of the Fyzee Collection of Ismaili Manuscripts; Descriptive Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts in Nigeria |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1968 |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=589–592 |doi=10.2307/596909 |jstor=596909 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/596909 |access-date=17 May 2023|url-access=subscription }}
It contains a collection of manuscripts, historical documents, specimens of Islamic calligraphy, miniature paintings, astronomical instruments and illustrated works in Arabic and Persian. The Raza Library also contains printed works in Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, Pashto (having the original manuscript of the first translation of the Qur'an in addition to other important books/documents), Tamil and Turkish, and approximately 30,000 printed books (including periodicals) in various other languages.
History
Nawab Faizullah Khan, who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, established the library from his personal collection of ancient manuscripts and miniature specimens of Islamic calligraphy in 1774.{{cite report |author=Ministry of Culture (India) |date=2022 |title=Annual Report 2021-22 |url=https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/Mou%20Library/Rampur%20Raza%20Library0001.pdf |publisher=Government of India |page=229 |access-date=May 18, 2023 |quote="The world fame Rampur Raza Library was founded by Nawab Faizullah Khan in 1774. It was taken over by the Government of India in 1975 by an act of Parliament. It is functioning under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Honorable Governor of Uttar Pradesh is the Chairman of the Rampur Raza Library Board."}} Succeeding Nawabs were patrons of scholars, poets, painters, calligraphers and musicians, so the library grew rapidly.
Nawab Muhammad Said Khan (1840–1855) preceded his son, Nawab Yousuf Ali Khan Nazim, who was crowned on 1 April 1855. After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, many Mughal book collections were destroyed, taken to Britain or dispersed. On the Indian subcontinent, these collections were succeeded by those belonging to the Nawabs and Nizams of Rampur, Avadh, Arcot, Bhopal, Hyderabad and Tonk.{{cite journal |last1=Khalidi |first1=Omar |title=A Guide to Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Urdu Manuscript Libraries in India |journal=MELA Notes |date=2002–2003 |issue=75/76 |pages=1–5, 53–55 |jstor=29785767 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29785767}}
Nawab Kalb Ali Khan (1865–1887) was interested in the collection of rare manuscripts, paintings and specimens of Islamic calligraphy. He was a scholar and poet.
Nawab Mushtaq Ali Khan (1887–1889) preceded Nawab Hamid Ali Khan (1889–1930). Hamid Ali Khan was known for renovating the city's mosque, castle ramparts, and state buildings in Rampur.{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Razak |title=The Case of Falling Walls: Politics of Demolition and Preservation in Rampur |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=May 14, 2014 |volume=49 |issue=20 |pages=25–28 |jstor=24479700 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24479700 |access-date=18 May 2023}} He also contracted his Chief Engineer W.C. Wright to create a palace named Hamid Manzil{{cite web |title=Hamid Manzil - Fort [Rampur] 1 |url=https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/h/019pho000000036u00001000.html}} in the early 20th century, where he held court. The Raza Library was shifted to this building in 1957.
Raza Ali Khan of Rampur ascended the throne on 21 June 1930. He was educated in India and abroad. He was a progressive from an early age and bolstered education in schools and colleges. He also invited educators to organize these academic institutions. Besides he was a great lover of Indian music for which he purchased several rare manuscripts and books on the subject.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
Current status
After Rampur State joined the Union of India, in 1949 the Library was controlled by the management of a Trust which was created on 6 August 1951 by Raza Ali Khan Bahadur. The Trust management continued until July 1975, when the Indian Parliament passed the Raza Library Act.{{cite act |type=Act |date=May 9, 1975|index=22|article-type= |legislature=Parliament of India |title=THE RAMPUR RAZA LIBRARY ACT, 1975 |script-title= |url=https://indiaculture.gov.in/sites/default/files/acts_rules/THERAMPURRAZALIBRARYACT1975_12.03.2018.pdf}}
When the library was taken over by the Central Government, Nawab Syed Murtaza Ali Khan was nominated the vice-chairman of the newly created Board for life under sub-section 5 (1) of the Act. With his death on 8 February 1982, the post of vice-chairman was automatically abolished. Now the Library occupies the position of an autonomous institution of national importance under Department of Culture, Government of India and is fully funded by Central Government.
The Library is designated as a 'library of national importance' by the Ministry of Education.{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Girja |title=Education as Human Capital |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |date=December 1983 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=513–518 |jstor=23001391 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23001391}} The library is also a designated 'Manuscript Conservation Centre' (MCC) under the National Mission for Manuscripts established in 2003.[http://www.namami.org/convervation.htm Manuscript Conservation Centres] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506234603/http://www.namami.org/convervation.htm |date=2012-05-06 }} National Mission for Manuscripts.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [http://razalibrary.gov.in/ Raza Library, Official website]
{{Authority control}}
Category:Libraries in Uttar Pradesh
Category:Architecture in India
Category:Rampur, Uttar Pradesh
Category:18th-century establishments in India