Rebecca Fowler
{{Short description|Woman convicted and executed for witchcraft in 17th-century Maryland, US}}
Rebecca Fowler (killed October 9, 1685) was a woman convicted and executed for witchcraft in 17th-century Maryland. Around a dozen witch trials were conducted in Maryland during the 17th and 18th centuries, with most being acquitted. Fowler is the only documented legal execution of an alleged witch in Maryland history.{{cite web|url=https://southernmarylandchronicle.com/2022/10/12/only-person-to-be-convicted-and-executed-for-witchcraft-in-md-died-337-years-ago/ |title=Only person to be convicted and executed for witchcraft in MD died 337 years ago |date=12 October 2022 |publisher=The Southern Maryland Chronicle |accessdate=2023-09-17}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mdhistory.org/double-double-toil-and-trouble-witchcraft-in-maryland/ |title=Double, Double Toil and Trouble: Witchcraft in Maryland |date=8 August 2013 |publisher=Maryland Center for History and Culture |accessdate=2024-01-14}}
Life
Rebecca Fowler is believed to be the same Rebecca Logan who was transported from England to the Province of Maryland as an indentured servant in 1656. Logan was indentured to George Collins, a shoemaker and tobacco farmer. Once freed from her servitude, she married John Fowler, a fellow former indentured servant who had worked on the Collins slave plantation. The Fowler newlyweds purchased a parcel of land they named Fowler's Delight. The Fowlers became successful and eventually kept indentured servants of their own, including Francis Sandsbury. The evidence against Rebecca Fowler was not presented to the public during her witchcraft trial. Only Francis Sandsbury is named as an accuser, however, the court records mention "Several others" who were unnamed. Despite Rebecca's status as a landowner and Sandsbury's status as an indentured servant, the jurors believed Sandsbury's account. The jury stated its view that Fowler was guilty, but left the final determination of guilt to the judge.{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=David W. |author-link= |date=2019 |title=Haunted Southern Maryland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x2CoDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22but+being+led+by+the+instigation+of+the+Divell+certain+evill+%26+dyabolicall+Artes+called+witchcrafts%22&pg=PT23 |location=Charleston, South Carolina |publisher=Haunted America, The History Press |page= |isbn=9781439667897}}
The Prince George's County Court concluded that Rebecca Fowler, on or about 31 August 1685, "having not the feare of God before her eyes, but being led by the instigation of the Divell certain evill & dyabolicall Artes called witchcrafts inchantments charmes & sorceryes wickedly divelishly and feloniously at Mount Calvert ... & several other places ... did use practice & exercise in upon & against one Francis Sandsbury & Several others ... and their bodyes were very much the worse, consumed, pined & lamed ...." The judge ordered that Fowler be "hanged by the neck until dead." Fowler was executed by hanging on October 9, 1685, in St. Mary's City, Maryland. Mount Calvert is now maintained as the Mount Calvert Historical and Archaeological Park by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.{{cite web|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/stagser/s1259/121/7508/html/0002.html |title=What's in a Name? Why Should We Remember? |publisher=Maryland State Archives |accessdate=2022-08-13}}
Despite being the only person legally executed as a witch by a Maryland court, several other women and one man were accused of being witches in Maryland history, some of who were murdered. Other accused people included Mary Lee, Elizabeth Richardson, Elizabeth Bennet, John Cowman, and Hannah Richards. Moll Dyer may or may not have been an actual person. Lee and Richardson were both murdered at sea while on route to Maryland.
Legacy
In October, 2022, the Maryland State Library Agency produced a podcast titled "WitchesBrew", which discussed Rebecca Fowler and other accused witches in Maryland.{{cite web|url=https://msla.maryland.gov/Podcast%20Transcripts/LBPD%20Guest%20Hour%20-%20Witches%20Brew%20with%20Amanda%20Hughes.pdf |title=WitchesBrew |publisher=Maryland State Library Agency |accessdate=2024-01-14}}
In 2025, a bill was introduced in the Maryland General Assembly to exonerate Fowler and all others who were convicted of witchcraft in colonial Maryland. Daniel Myrick, director of The Blair Witch Project, has endorsed the bill.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/18/style/maryland-witches.html |title=Witches Are Having a Cultural Moment. Some States Are Taking Up Their Cause. |work=The New York Times |date=18 March 2025 |accessdate=2025-03-25 |last1=Nazaryan |first1=Alexander }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.whiterosewitching.com/blog/smoke-and-mirrors-the-politics-of-witchcraft-in-colonial-maryland Smoke and Mirrors: The Politics of Witchcraft in Colonial Maryland], White Rose Witching
- [https://boundarystones.weta.org/2015/07/23/witch-hunts-dc-area-older-you-think Witch Hunts in the DC Area - Older Than You Think], Boundary Stones
- [http://www.tobaccoland.us/2011/12/mount-calvert-prince-georges-county.html Mount Calvert, Prince George's County], Tobaccoland.us
- [https://www.executedtoday.com/2018/10/09/1685-rebecca-fowler-chesapeake-witch/ 1685: Rebecca Fowler, Chesapeake witch], ExecutedToday.com
- [https://www.wiccamagazine.com/blog/witch-persecutions-in-maryland Witch Persecutions in Maryland], Wicca Magazine
{{Witch Trials in America}}
Category:American indentured servants
Category:Executed American women
Category:American people executed for witchcraft
Category:17th-century executions of American people
Category:Executed English women
Category:People executed by the Province of Maryland by hanging
Category:People from Calvert County, Maryland
Category:People from Prince George's County, Maryland
Category:St. Mary's City, Maryland