Red Crow
{{Short description|Kainai Nation chief and signatory of First Nations-Canadian Treaty 7 (c. 1830-1900)}}
{{Infobox Native American leader
|tribe=Kainai Nation
|birth_date={{circa}} 1830
|death_date={{death date and age|1900|08|28|1830||}}
}}
Red Crow ({{circa}} 1830 – 28 August 1900), also known as Captured the Gun Inside, Lately Gone and Sitting White Bull, was a Kainai leader.{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/red-crow|encyclopedia=Canadian Encyclopedia|title=Red Crow|author=Hugh Dempsey|year=2006}}
Name
His native name Mí’kai’stoowa ({{langx|bla|ᒍᖼᖱᐧᒪᖷ}}) was sometimes romanized as Mékaisto or Mi’kasto or incorporated as John Mikahestow.
Biography
Red Crow was born in Kainai territory in modern Alberta to Black Bear and Handsome Woman, and was a descendant of tribal chiefs. He earned a reputation as a warrior during raids against other Indigenous groups in the 1840s and 1850s. He succeeded to the chieftainship in 1870 after the death of his father from smallpox.{{cite web|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mekaisto_12E.html|title=MÉKAISTO|work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|year=1990|author=Hugh Dempsey}} He was a signatory to Treaty 7 in 1877. In the period after the treaty was concluded, he led the development of agriculture on his reserve.
In 1872, Red Crow murdered his brother Kit Fox by beating him repeatedly with a rock until he died.{{cite web|url=https://www.communitystories.ca/v1/pm_v2.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&ex=00000821&sl=9280&pos=1|accessdate=2 June 2022|title=Red Crow "Mi'kai'stoowa" 1892|publisher=Virtual Museum of Canada|website=Community Stories}} In response to this, Red Crow's surviving siblings (brothers Sheep Old Man and Not So Good, sisters Revenge Walker and Paper Woman) fled from Red Crow's band.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZW84MTWcxEC&pg=PA361|page=361|title=Frontier Diplomats|author=Lesley Wischmann|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2004|isbn=9780806136073 }} After Revenge Walker discovered that her husband Running Bird abandoned her because Red Crow withheld horses he owed to Running Bird, Revenge Walker went to confront Red Crow but Red Crow had already left camp.
According to the Canadian Encyclopedia, Red Crow "remained a strong proponent of Indigenous culture and beliefs. In the wake of the disastrous effects of diseases and other external demands, he was a calm and wise leader who contributed to stability during a time of tremendous political and economic change".
Red Crow Mountain in Glacier National Park, Montana, is named in his honour.Joachim Fromhold, 2001 Indian Place Names of the West, Part 2, 2013, {{ISBN|9781300389118}}, page 60. American actress Lily Gladstone is Red Crow's great-great grandchild.{{cite web |date=February 12, 2017 |title=Lily Gladstone: 'I lived in the reservations until I was 11' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/feb/12/lily-gladstone-interview-certain-women-kristen-stewart-kelly-reichardt |access-date=December 28, 2021 |work=The Guardian}}