Red Rolfe

{{short description|American baseball player and manager (1908-1969)}}

{{Infobox baseball biography

|name=Red Rolfe

|image=Red Rolfe Yankees.jpg

|position=Third baseman / Manager

|birth_date={{birth date|1908|10|17}}

|birth_place=Penacook, New Hampshire, U.S.

|death_date={{Death date and age|1969|7|8|1908|10|17}}

|death_place=Gilford, New Hampshire, U.S.

|bats=Left

|throws=Right

|debutleague = MLB

|debutdate=June 29

|debutyear=1931

|debutteam=New York Yankees

|finalleague = MLB

|finaldate=September 27

|finalyear=1942

|finalteam=New York Yankees

|statleague = MLB

|stat1label=Batting average

|stat1value=.289

|stat2label=Home runs

|stat2value=69

|stat3label=Runs batted in

|stat3value=497

|stat4label=Managerial record

|stat4value=278–256

|stat5label=Winning %

|stat5value={{winpct|278|256}}

|teams=

;As player

New York Yankees ({{mlby|1931}}, {{mlby|1934}}–{{mlby|1942}})

;As manager

Detroit Tigers ({{mlby|1949}}–{{mlby|1952}})

|highlights=

4× All-Star (1937–1940)
5× World Series champion ({{wsy|1936}}–{{wsy|1939}}, {{wsy|1941}})

}}

Robert Abial "Red" Rolfe (October 17, 1908 – July 8, 1969) was an American baseball third baseman, manager and front-office executive in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the New York Yankees from 1931 to 1942 and managed the Detroit Tigers from 1949 to 1952.

Rolfe was a native of Penacook, New Hampshire. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and Dartmouth College and signed with the Yankees. Rolfe played in four MLB All-Star Games and won five World Series championships before he retired after the 1942 season. He coached in college baseball for Yale University from 1943 to 1946 and served as athletic director for Dartmouth from 1954 to 1967, while coaching baseball during the 1954 and 1955 seasons.

Early life and amateur career

Rolfe was born on October 17, 1908, in Penacook, New Hampshire. His father, Herbert, earned a living in the lumber business.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-a-ballplayers-beginning/141804894/|title=A ballplayer's beginnings|newspaper=Concord Monitor |date=March 28, 1997|pages=C-1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/141805173/ C-7]|via=newspapers.com}} Rolfe was the fifth of seven children; he had four older sisters and one younger sister. A younger brother died in infancy in 1910.

While he was in the seventh grade, Rolfe started to play for Penacook High School's baseball team, as the school did not have enough players. Playing for Penacook's team again in the eighth grade, the school won the league championship. He played for Penacook's baseball team in all four years that he was a student at the school, before he graduated in 1926. Rolfe then attended Phillips Exeter Academy for one year and played as a shortstop on their baseball team, which was managed by Simmy Murch.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1934/6/1/the-big-red-rolfe-makes-good|title="THE BIG RED ROLFE" MAKES GOOD | Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | June 1934|first=Kenneth B.|last=Hill 25|website=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | The Complete Archive}} At Phillips Exeter, he began to be known as "Red" due to the color of his hair.

Rolfe enrolled at Dartmouth College and played college baseball for the Dartmouth Indians. He played on the freshman team as their shortstop in his first year and was team captain.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1954/1/1/red-rolfe-31-to-return-as-director-of-athletics|title="Red" Rolfe '31 to Return As Director of Athletics | Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | January 1954|website=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | The Complete Archive}} He also played for the football and basketball teams. Rolfe then played for three years on the varsity team for the next three years, under head coach Jeff Tesreau as a shortstop. Tesreau made Rolfe his cleanup hitter. While a student at Dartmouth, Rolfe spent the summer of 1930 playing for the Orleans town team in the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he was managed by longtime major league player and manager Patsy Donovan.{{cite web|author=Cort Vitty |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/f388510d |title=Red Rolfe |publisher=sabr.org |access-date=August 30, 2019}}{{cite news | title = Judge Otis Heads League | pages = 6 | newspaper = Yarmouth Register | location = Yarmouth, MA | date = May 3, 1930 | url = http://digital.olivesoftware.com/Olive/APA/Yarmouth/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=SYR%2F1930%2F05%2F03&id=Ar00611&sk=D9EDC632&viewMode=image }} Rolfe graduated from Dartmouth in 1931.

Professional career

During the 1931 collegiate season, Rolfe met with Connie Mack, the manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, while Dartmouth was playing the Penn Quakers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-red-rolfe-gre/141788367/|title=Red Rolfe, Green Star, May Join A's|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=June 14, 1931|pages=37|via=newspapers.com}} Rather than sign with the Athletics, scout Gene McCann signed Rolfe to the New York Yankees days after his graduation from Dartmouth for $600 per month and a $5,000 signing bonus.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-waterbury-democrat-new-york-yankees/141788645/|title=New York Yankees Snare Collegian|newspaper=The Waterbury Democrat |date=June 23, 1931|pages=15|via=newspapers.com}}

Rolfe reported directly to the Yankees{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-courier-rolfe-joins-yankees/141789008/|title=Rolfe Joins Yankees|newspaper=Evening Courier |date=June 27, 1931|pages=14|via=newspapers.com}} and made his professional debut with the Yankees on June 29 as a defensive replacement.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/419873511/|title=The Gazette 30 Jun 1931, page 16|website=Newspapers.com}} It was customary at the time for the Yankees to introduce a prospect to the major leagues briefly before sending him to the minor leagues. In July, the Yankees optioned Rolfe to the Albany Senators of the Eastern League.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bayonne-times-yanks-farm-out-rolfe/141789319/|title=Yanks Farm Out Rolfe|newspaper=The Bayonne Times |date=July 7, 1931|pages=9|via=newspapers.com}} He batted .333 in 58 games for Albany. Assigned to the Newark Bears of the International League in 1932, Rolfe took the starting shortstop job from Bobby Stevens.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-red-rolfe-clinc/141795078/|title=Red Rolfe Clinches Shortstop Job|newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |date=May 29, 1932|pages=32|via=newspapers.com}} Rolfe batted .330 in 147 games for Newark in 1932, as Newark won the International League pennant. Returning to Newark for the 1933 season, Rolfe batted .326 and won the International League Most Valuable Player Award as Newark again won the pennant.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-union-two-new-men-may-take-over-ya/141790546/|title=Two New Men May Take Over Yankee Keystone Combine|newspaper=Times Union |date=March 21, 1934|pages=12|via=newspapers.com}}

File:RedRolfeGoudeycard.jpg baseball card]]

Rolfe became the Yankees starting shortstop in 1934, with Don Heffner, who played second base alongside Rolfe with Newark, becoming the Yankees' starting second baseman, and second baseman Tony Lazzeri and shortstop Frankie Crosetti playing as third basemen.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chattanooga-daily-times/42331791/|title=Article clipped from Chattanooga Daily Times|newspaper=Chattanooga Daily Times |date=April 9, 1934|pages=8|via=newspapers.com}} However, Heffner struggled and manager Joe McCarthy decided that Rolfe's throwing arm made him a better third baseman, as Lazzeri moved back to second base and Crosetti returned to shortstop. He batted .287 in 89 games, as a knee injury experienced when he collided with Max Bishop of the Boston Red Sox limited his playing time. Rolfe became their starting third baseman in 1935.

During his major league playing career, Rolfe was the starting third baseman on the New York Yankees of the late 1930s. The "Bronx Bombers" of Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Bill Dickey, Lefty Gomez and Red Ruffing won American League pennants from {{baseball year|1936}}–39 and took all four World Series in which they appeared, winning 16 games and losing only three in Fall Classic play over that span. After finishing third in {{baseball year|1940}}, the Yankees rebounded to win league titles in {{baseball year|1941}}–42, and the World Series in the former year, before finally bowing in 1942.

Rolfe played ten major league seasons, all with New York, batting .289 with 1,394 hits, 69 home runs and 497 runs batted in (RBIs) in 1,175 games. His finest season came in 1939, when he led the American League with 213 hits, 139 runs scored, and 46 doubles while hitting .329 with 14 home runs and 80 RBIs. In six World Series, Rolfe appeared in 28 games, all as the Yankees' starting third-sacker; he collected 33 hits and batted .284, with a fielding percentage of .944 in 71 chances. He was the Junior Circuit's starting third baseman in the 1937 and 1939 Major League Baseball All-Star Games — both American League victories — and went three-for-eight (.375) at the plate, with a triple. Rolfe started in the 1939 All-Star Game alongside teammates Joe DiMaggio, Bill Dickey, Joe Gordon, and George Selkirk.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/teams-with-most-position-players-to-start-all-star-game|title=Rangers can make history with five All-Star starters|website=MLB.com}}

During the 1940-1941 offseason, Rolfe developed colitis. He batted .300 in the 1941 World Series, as Rolfe won his fifth World Series title. In 1942, the colitis reduced Rolfe to a part-time player.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-red-rolfe-one-o/141749066/|title=Red Rolfe One of Great 'Old Yanks,' May Never Return to Fulltime Duty|newspaper=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |date=April 29, 1942|pages=22|via=newspapers.com}} His weight dropped from {{convert|172|lbs}} to {{convert|138|lbs}}.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-a-great-ballplayer-an-e/141822860/|title=A great ballplayer, an even greater man|newspaper=Concord Monitor |date=September 7, 1999|pages=A-1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/141822938/ A-6]|via=newspapers.com}} He batted .219 in 69 games and retired at the end of the season.{{Cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/red-rolfe/|title=Red Rolfe – Society for American Baseball Research}}

College and MLB coach

During Rolfe's final season with the Yankees, on September 10, 1942, Rolfe accepted the positions of head baseball and basketball coach for Yale University, beginning after the season, on November 1.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/portland-press-herald-red-rolfe-named-as/141748840/|title=Red Rolfe Named As Yale Baseball Coach|newspaper=Portland Press Herald |date=September 11, 1942|pages=22|via=newspapers.com}} With Rolfe as their coach, the Yale Bulldogs baseball team had a {{winning percentage|56|17|record=y}} record and the Yale Bulldogs men's basketball team had a {{winning percentage|34|10|record=y}} record.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-thats-why-red-rolfe-gi/141751211/|title=That's Why Red Rolfe Gives Up Dream Sport to Rejoin N.Y. Yankees|work=The Boston Globe |date=January 16, 1946|pages=15|via=newspapers.com}}

File:Red Rolfe and Ray Meyer.jpg in 1942]]

After his four-year coaching stint at Yale, Rolfe accepted a position as a coach on McCarthy's staff for the Yankees for the 1946 season.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/record-journal-red-rolfe-gives-up-yale-j/141750585/|title=Red Rolfe Gives Up Yale Job To Rejoin Yankees As Coach|newspaper=Record-Journal |date=January 8, 1946|pages=4|via=newspapers.com}} In December 1946, the Toronto Huskies of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) hired Rolfe to replace Ed Sadowski as their coach in the midst of the 1946–47 BAA season.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-hamilton-spectator-red-rolfe-agrees/141773183/|title=Red Rolfe Agrees To Coach Huskies|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=December 10, 1946|pages=25|via=newspapers.com}} Rolfe led the Huskies to a {{winning percentage|17|27|record=y}} record as their coach{{Cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/coaches/rolfero99c.html|title=Robert Rolfe: Coaching Record, Awards|website=Basketball-Reference.com}} as the Huskies finished the season tied for last place with a .367 winning percentage.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-gazette-huskies-future-appears-clou/141809299/|title=Huskies' Future Appears Cloudy|newspaper=The Gazette |date=April 5, 1947|pages=16|via=newspapers.com}} Due to poor attendance and an estimated loss of $40,000 to $50,000, the Huskies folded after the season.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-windsor-star-huskies-find-going-too/141778930/|title=Huskies Find Going Too Stiff – Bow Out of Basketball Loop|newspaper=The Windsor Star |date=July 28, 1947|pages=23|via=newspapers.com}}

The Detroit Tigers hired Rolfe in August 1947 as the director of their scouting department.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-knoxville-news-sentinel-red-rolfe-jo/141778361/|title=Red Rolfe Joins Detroit Club as Scout Supervisor|newspaper=The Knoxville News-Sentinel |date=August 5, 1947|pages=10|via=newspapers.com}} In November, the Tigers named Rolfe the director of their farm system.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-rolfe-named-dir/141778133/|title=Rolfe Named Director Of Tiger Farm Clubs|newspaper=Fort Worth Star-Telegram |date=November 16, 1947|pages=16|via=newspapers.com}} Under Rolfe's direction, the Seattle Indians of the Pacific Coast League joined the Tigers' farm system in December.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bakersfield-californian-seattle-has/141778226/|title=Seattle Has Joined Tiger Farm System, States Red Rolfe|newspaper=The Bakersfield Californian |date=December 17, 1947|pages=22|via=newspapers.com}}

Detroit Tigers manager (1949-1952)

After the 1948 season, the Tigers hired Rolfe as manager, succeededing Steve O'Neill.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-red-rolfe-is-named-mana/141752395/|title=Red Rolfe Is Named Manager of Tigers – Succeeds O'Neill|work=The Boston Globe |date=November 15, 1948|pages=18|via=newspapers.com}} Rolfe instituted rules that his players did not agree with, such as no shaving or beer in the clubhouse and no meals between doubleheaders.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-a-man-of-character-from/141823358/|title=A man of character: From Detroit to Dartmouth, Rolfe leaves a lasting impression|newspaper=Concord Monitor |date=March 30, 1997|pages=C-1, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor/141823724/ C-10]|via=newspapers.com}}

In {{Baseball year|1949}}, Rolfe's first season as manager, the Tigers improved by nine games and returned to the first division. Then, in {{Baseball year|1950}}, the Tigers maintained a close race with the Yankees, winning 95 games and finishing in second place, three games behind. A fluke botched double play proved the team's undoing. Late in September at Cleveland, the Indians had the bases loaded in the tenth inning with one out and the score tied. Visibility was poor because smoke from Canadian forest fires was blowing across Lake Erie. On an apparent 3-2-3 double-play grounder to first base, Detroit catcher Aaron Robinson thought he simply needed to touch home plate for a force play to retire the Indians' baserunner, Bob Lemon, charging in from third. But in the smoky conditions Robinson had not seen that a putout had already been made at first base, necessitating that the catcher tag the runner, not the plate, to record an out. Robinson mistakenly tagged the plate, Lemon's run counted and Cleveland won the game. The Sporting News named Rolfe their Manager of the Year,{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-call-sporting-news-names-red/141753049/|title=Sporting News Names Red Rolfe Manager of Year|newspaper=The Morning Call |date=December 30, 1950|pages=9|via=newspapers.com}} while he finished in third place in balloting for the Associated Press' Manager of the Year Award, behind Eddie Sawyer of the Philadelphia Phillies and Casey Stengel of the Yankees.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-spokesman-review-eddie-sawyer-is-sur/141784640/|title=Eddie Sawyer Is Surprised He Won "Manager" Honors|work=The Spokesman-Review |date=November 9, 1950|pages=4|via=newspapers.com}}

Beset by an aging starting rotation, the Tigers slipped in {{Baseball year|1951}}, finishing in fifth place with a {{winning percentage|73|81}} mark, 25 games behind the first-place Yankees. During the season, Tigers owner Walter Briggs replaced Billy Evans as general manager with Charlie Gehringer, and after the season, he replaced Ray Kennedy as the director of the farm system with Muddy Ruel. The Tigers retained Rolfe as their manager, however.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-ruel-to-boss-tiger-fa/141793992/|title=Ruel to Boss Tiger Farms|newspaper=Omaha World-Herald |date=October 18, 1951|pages=27|via=newspapers.com}}

The Tigers began the 1952 season by losing their first eight games. Sportswriter Gordon Cobbledick reported in April that the players' antipathy towards Rolfe was the cause of their struggles.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star-tigers-dislike-of-red/141780515/|title=Tigers' Dislike of Red Rolfe Cause of Slump -- U.S. Writer Trouble Power Lack -- Rolfe|newspaper=The Toronto Star |date=April 23, 1952|pages=12|via=newspapers.com}} Though Gehringer and the players, led by pitcher Fred Hutchinson, publicly refuted Cobbledick's story.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-rolfe-gets-vote-of-co/141780772/|title=Rolfe Gets Vote of Confidence|newspaper=Detroit Free Press |date=April 24, 1952|pages=26|via=newspapers.com}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-ridiculous-scoffs/141780922/|title='Ridiculous,' Scoffs Gehringer|newspaper=Detroit Free Press |date=April 24, 1952|pages=26|via=newspapers.com}} Hal Newhouser later acknowledged that Rolfe's strict policies had alienated the players, but also said that the trade of George Kell, Dizzy Trout, Johnny Lipon, and Hoot Evers to the Boston Red Sox also hurt team morale. With the Tigers in last place in May, Gehringer publicly affirmed that Rolfe would remain the manager of the Tigers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-rolfe-will-remain-as-de/141785616/|title=Rolfe Will Remain As Detroit Manager, Gehringer Declares|newspaper=The Buffalo News |date=May 13, 1952|pages=33|via=newspapers.com}} The Tigers won only 23 of 72 games ({{winning percentage|23|49}}) before the Tigers fired Rolfe on July 5 and replaced him as manager with Hutchinson.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/06/archives/tigers-drop-rolfe-appoint-hutchinson-a-new-manager-for-the-detroit.html|title=Tigers Drop Rolfe, Appoint Hutchinson; A NEW MANAGER FOR THE DETROIT TIGERS|agency=Associated Press|work=The New York Times |date=July 6, 1952|via=NYTimes.com}} The 1952 club won only 50 games, losing 104 – the first time ever that the Tigers lost 100 or more games.

Dartmouth athletic director

File:Red_Rolfe_Field_July_2017.jpg in 2017]]

Rolfe then returned to Dartmouth on July 1, 1954, as the new athletic director, succeeding William H. McCarter. In 1956, he hired Tony Lupien as Dartmouth's new baseball coach. He also hired Bob Blackman to coach the Dartmouth Big Green football team, Abner Oakes to coach the Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey team, and Dave Gavitt to coach the Dartmouth Big Green men's basketball team. Dartmouth built the Leverone Field House while Rolfe was athletic director.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1967/6/1/an-athletic-summing-up|title=AN ATHLETIC SUMMING UP | Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | JUNE 1967|first=CLIFFORD L.|last=JORDAN '45|website=Dartmouth Alumni Magazine | The Complete Archive}} Dartmouth's football team won the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy in 1965. Rolfe stepped down from the position in 1967 and followed by Seaver Peters.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-berkshire-eagle-red-rolfe-retiring-f/141753401/|title=Red Rolfe Retiring From Post|newspaper=The Berkshire Eagle |date=January 16, 1967|pages=27|via=newspapers.com}}

The Boston Baseball Writers Association gave Rolfe their Old-Timers Award in 1966.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-hub-baseball-writers-to/141752839/|title=Hub Baseball Writers To Honor Red Rolfe|work=The Boston Globe |date=December 29, 1966|pages=26|via=newspapers.com}} In 1969, Dartmouth renamed their college baseball diamond, previously known as Memorial Field, naming it Red Rolfe Field in his honor. In the 1970s, Dartmouth created the Red Rolfe Award, presented to a non-student for their contributions to Dartmouth's athletics department.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/valley-news-green-honors-duke/141822570/|title=Green Honors 'Duke'|newspaper=Valley News |date=May 5, 1977|pages=16|via=newspapers.com}}

Personal life

Rolfe married Isabel (née Africa) on October 12, 1934. His older sister, Florence, introduced the two to each other in 1928. After he retired from Dartmouth, the couple lived on Governors Island on Lake Winnipesaukee, which is part of the town of Gilford, New Hampshire.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-yankee-all-timer-rolfe/141803357/|title=Yankee All-Timer Rolfe Finally Finds His Utopia|work=The Boston Globe |date=June 3, 1969|pages=29, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-retired-rolfe-a-most-ha/141803647/ 30]|via=newspapers.com}}

Rolfe had a colostomy in February 1967, and was hospitalized for three weeks. He died in Gilford, on July 8, 1969, at age 60 of chronic kidney disease.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/07/09/archives/red-rolfe-yankees-star-3d-baseman-dies-at-60-dartmouth-athletic.html|title=Red Rolfe, Yankees' Star 3d Baseman, Dies at 60; Dartmouth Athletic ManagerI for 13 Years -Pilot of I Detroit Tigers, 1949-52 I|work=The New York Times |date=July 9, 1969|via=NYTimes.com}} He was buried in his birthplace of Penacook after a private ceremony.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/concord-monitor-obituary-for-robert-a-ro/141807220/|title=Obituary for Robert A Rolfe Rolfe|newspaper=Concord Monitor |date=July 9, 1969|pages=1|via=newspapers.com}}

With the dissolution of the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League in 1992, the Ivy League reformed into two divisions for baseball in 1993: the Red Rolfe Division and the Lou Gehrig Division.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/rutland-daily-herald-a-new-ivy/141891242/|title=A New Ivy|newspaper=Rutland Daily Herald |date=February 15, 1993|pages=16|via=newspapers.com}}

Head coaching record

| style="text-align:left;"|Toronto

| style="text-align:left;"|{{nbay|1946}}

| 44||17||27||{{Winning percentage|17|27}}|| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Eastern||—||—||—||—

| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs

Source{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/coaches/rolfero99c.html|title=Robert Rolfe: Coaching Record, Awards|website=Basketball Reference|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|accessdate=10 March 2024}}