Rehavam Ze'evi

Ze'evi was born on 20 June 1926 in Jerusalem to a religious Jewish family from the Yemin Moshe neighborhood that had lived in Jerusalem for six generations. He was raised on a collective farm.{{cite news|last=Joffe|first=Lawrence|title=Rehavam Zeevi|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/oct/18/guardianobituaries.israel|access-date=18 November 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 October 2001}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2001/10/18/archive/obituary-rehavam-zeevi-75-known-as-staunch-zionist-and-ultra-hawk|title = Obituary Rehavam Ze'evi, 75, Known as Staunch Zionist and Ultra-hawk|date = 18 October 2001}} He joined the Palmach in 1942, and served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) after the creation of the State of Israel.

During his youth, Ze'evi went to school in Givat HaShlosha. One night he shaved his head, wrapped a towel round his waist and entered the food hall. The shaved head and towel around his waist gave an appearance reminiscent of Mohandas Gandhi and earned him "Gandhi" as his nickname, which stuck with him for the rest of his life. The nickname is also attributed to a long Arab dress he wore during his underground days in the Palmach.[https://www.knesset.gov.il/vip/Ze'evi/eng/Ze'evi.htm Rechavam (Gandhi) Ze'evi (1926–2001)] Knesset biography (retrieved 8 August 2006) Ze'evi had five children, named Palmach, Sayar, Masada, Tze'ela and Arava.[http://business.msn.co.il/news/general/PersonInNews/2004080113048.htm Rehavan (Gandhi) Ze'evi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728133735/https://www.msn.com/?redirfallthru=http%3a%2f%2fbusiness.msn.co.il%2fnews%2fgeneral%2fPersonInNews%2f2004080113048.htm%3f |date=28 July 2020 }} MSN News (in Hebrew) Palmach is also a member of Moledet and competed with Binyamin Elon for the party's leadership.

File:C.O. OF CENTRAL COMMAND RECHAVAM ZEEVI AND SERGEANT SHAUL MOFAZ (AT HIS RIGHT), AFTER A PURSUIT IN THE JORDAN RIFT.jpg (on his right) at the end of a chase in the Jordan Rift Valley]]

In 1948, Ze'evi was a platoon commander in the IDF. From 1964 to 1968, he served as Chief of the Department of Staff in the Israeli General Staff. In the late 1960s, Ze'evi formed the elite Sayeret Kharuv, an anti-terror battalion. This came at the time when IDF Chief of Staff Haim Bar-Lev had begun to focus manpower and budget on armoured tank units, resulting in huge cutbacks in infantry forces. Over the next five years he served as the Commander of the Central Military District ({{lang|he|אלוף פיקוד המרכז}}). He retired in September 1973, but rejoined the army when the Yom Kippur War broke out on 6 October 1973. A close friend of IDF Chief of Staff David Elazar, he was appointed Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff. He retired with the rank of {{lang|he|Aluf}} (Major-General) in 1974.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

Ze'evi, known for his concern for Israel's captured or missing soldiers, wore a military identity disc with their names around his neck.[http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-1211169,00.html Israel separated from Rehavam Ze'evi] Yedioth Ahronoth, 18 October 2001 (in Hebrew)

It was revealed in 2004 that Ze'evi had been chosen to be responsible for the building of the Singapore Armed Forces at a time when he was deputy head of the Operations Branch in IDF.[http://www.haaretz.com/a-deep-dark-secret-love-affair-1.128671 A deep, dark, secret love affair] Amnon Barzilai, 16 July 2004 After a secret visit in 1965, he appointed then Colonel {{ill|Jacob Elazari|he|יעקב אלעזרי|lt=Yaakov (Jack) Elazari}} to be head of the team of secret military delegation, along with then Lieutenant Colonel {{ill|Yehuda Golan|he|יהודה גולן}} and other IDF officers to train and build up the Singapore Armed Forces. They were nicknamed "Mexicans" during their stay in Singapore.

In 1974, Ze'evi became a consultant on combating terrorism in the government of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.{{cite news|title=Obituary: Rehavam Zeevi|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1603857.stm|access-date=18 November 2012|newspaper=BBC|date=17 October 2001}} The following year he became the prime minister's adviser on matters of intelligence. Ze'evi resigned from this position in 1977, when Likud's Menachem Begin became prime minister. In 1988, Ze'evi established the Moledet (Homeland) party advocating the population transfer of Arabs from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the neighboring Arab countries. In the election of that year, he won a seat in the Knesset which he held until his death.{{Cite web |title=Rehavam Ze'evi |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/rehavam-ze-evi |access-date=17 Oct 2023 |website=Jewish Virtual Library}}{{Additional citation needed|date=October 2023|reason=Jewish Virtual Library cites Wikipedia as one of the sources of its info although it also cites another source.}}

After the Madrid Conference of 1991, Ze'evi withdrew from the Likud government of Yitzhak Shamir. He would remain in the opposition for a decade. He disagreed strongly with the Labour governments of 1992{{endash}}1996 led by Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres and 1999{{endash}}2001 led by Ehud Barak. However, he looked favourably on the Netanyahu government of 1996{{endash}}1999 and supported it from the outside.

In 1999, Moledet united with Herut – The National Movement and Tkuma into a single faction, the National Union. Following the election of Ariel Sharon in February 2001, Ze'evi joined the coalition and was appointed as Tourism Minister of Israel. Just two days before his killing he tendered his resignation from the post of Tourism Minister.

In 1981, Ze'evi was appointed director of what was then the Israel Museum in Tel Aviv and was instrumental in its name being changed to the Eretz Israel Museum. The change had political connotations, given the associations with Eretz Israel. In 1987, he co-edited a series of books describing various aspects of the Land of Israel, based on artifacts from the museum. Ze'evi was famous for having one of the largest collections of books about Israel and its history.

{{Main|Assassination of Rehavam Ze'evi}}

File:Regency Jerusalem Hotel.JPG

Ze'evi was shot in the Dan Jerusalem Hotel, at the time called the Jerusalem Hyatt Hotel, in Mount Scopus on 17 October 2001 by four Palestinian gunmen. He was taken to the Hadassah Medical Center hospital where he died before 10 am. He was buried in the military cemetery in Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) took credit for the killing and stated that it was in revenge for the assassination of their secretary-general Abu Ali Mustafa, who was killed by Israel in August that year.{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1511739.stm|work=BBC News|title=Abu Ali Mustafa: 'Right to struggle'|date=27 August 2001|access-date=22 May 2010}} Israel alleged that Ahmed Saadat ordered Ze'evi's assassination. Thousands took part in his funeral.{{Cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/011029/archive_019425.htm |title=A politician's peril |access-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013034607/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/011029/archive_019425.htm |archive-date=13 October 2012 |url-status=dead }} The four gunmen, Hamdi Quran, Basel al-Asmar, Majdi Rahima Rimawi, and Ahad Olma, fled to the Palestinian National Authority. Israel placed Yasser Arafat under siege in the Ramallah compound to force the handing over of the suspects. In April 2002 the United States brokered a plan where the suspects were to be jailed in Jericho instead.[https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/29/world/main507467.shtml CBS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023201858/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/29/world/main507467.shtml |date=23 October 2012 }} Arafat Siege Could End Soon 29 April 2002 The four killers were arrested together with the head of PFLP, Ahmad Sa'adat.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3442527,00.html|

title=Rehavam Ze'evi's killer pleads guilty|

newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=YNET|date=27 July 2008|

last1=Zino|

first1=Aviram}} They were imprisoned in a jail in Jericho and guarded by American and British forces.{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702391025&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=Last of Ze'evi killers gets life in prison|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=1 December 2008}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} On 14 March 2006, the American and British guards left the jail, charging that the Palestinian Authority was not adhering to the agreement reached with Israel. Israel then launched Operation Bringing Home the Goods, in which it raided the Jericho prison and seized the five.{{Cite news

| last = McGreal

| first = Chris

| title = A sudden exit, a jail is stormed – and Israel's long wait is over

| work = The Guardian

| date = 15 March 2006

| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/15/israel1

}}{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3644555,00.html|title=Israel sentences PFLP leader to 30 years in prison|newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=YNET|date=26 December 2008|last1=Weiss|first1=Efrat}}

In December 2007, Hamdi Quran confessed in an Israeli court to assassinating Ze'evi together with Basel al-Asmar after being instructed by PFLP member Majdi Rahima Rimawi. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3478369,00.html|

title=Arabs look at Israel as weak|

newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=YNET|date=3 December 2007|

last1=Mandel|

first1=Roi}}{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7125686.stm|title=Israeli minister's killer jailed|publisher=BBC|date=4 December 2007}}

In August 2007, Basel al-Asmar was convicted of murder by an Israeli court. In May 2008, he was sentenced to 45 years in prison.{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3502983,00.html |title=Rehavam Ze'evi's killer sentenced to 45 years in jail|newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=YNET|date=2 May 2007|last1=Zino|first1=Aviram}}

In July 2008, Majdi Rahima Rimawi was convicted of murder by an Israeli court for his part in planning the assassination. According to the verdict, Rahima was the one who supplied the gunmen with a photo of Ze'evi, details of the hotel in which he would be staying and information on the hotel layout.{{cite news|

url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3574769,00.html|title=Mastermind behind Ze'evi assassination convicted of murder|newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=YNET|date=29 July 2008|last1=Glickman|first1=Aviad}} He was sentenced to life in prison and an additional 80 years.{{cite news|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1222017351051|title=Mastermind of Ze'evi assassination gets life|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|date=22 September 2008}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Ahad Olma, who was the head of the PLFP's military wing at the time of the assassination, was sentenced to 30 years in prison for his role in instigating and planning the assassination in December 2008.

In December 2008, an Israeli military court sentenced Ahmad Sa'adat, leader of the PFLP, to 30 years in prison for heading an "illegal terrorist organization" and for his responsibility for all actions carried out by his organization.

{{Conservatism in Israel|Politicians}}

A few days after the Six-Day War, Ze'evi submitted a plan for the creation of a Palestinian state called the State of Ishmael, with Nablus as its capital.[http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-palestinian-state-of-ishmael-as-envisioned-by-rehavam-ze-evi-1.319271 The 2-state solution], Haaretz He urged Israel's leaders to establish this state as soon as possible, claiming that "Protracted Israeli military rule will expand the hate and the abyss between the residents of the West Bank and Israel, due to the objective steps that will have to be taken in order to ensure order and security."

Ze'evi later advocated the population transfer by agreement of 3.3 million residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to Arab nations.[http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/10/17/israel.zeevi.profile/?related Rehavam Ze'evi: A controversial figure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405190849/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/meast/10/17/israel.zeevi.profile/?related |date=5 April 2007 }}, CNN (28 April 2002) He believed this could be accomplished by making life difficult so they would relocate on their own, through use of military force during wartime, or by agreement with Arab nations.[http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1010/p06s02-wome.htm Israel mints ultranationalist hero], Christian Science Monitor (10 October 2002) In July 1987, Ze'evi presented his ideas at a forum in Tel Aviv, describing the plan as a voluntary transfer and the only way to make peace with the Arabs."A man who loved his country", Obituary, The Jerusalem Post, (18 October 2001) After the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Ze'evi proposed transferring Palestinians to the east side of the Jordan River to serve as a buffer zone against any Iraqi attempt to attack Israel.

In a radio interview in July 2001, Ze'evi stated that 180,000 Palestinians worked and lived illegally in Israel. He described them as a "cancer" and said Israel should rid itself of those who were not Israeli citizens "the same way you get rid of lice.""Israel's tourism minister calls Palestinians 'lice'", Associated Press (2 July 2001) He called for denying the vote to Arab citizens who did not serve in the army. He believed that Jordan historically belonged to the Tribes of Israel, specifically Gad, Reuven, and Menashe.[https://www.theguardian.com/fromthearchive/story/0,,1680917,00.html Sharon's "guard dog" bares his teeth] The Guardian (7 March 2001) Zeevi urged Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to "lay waste to the Palestinian Authority" and assassinate Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat.

Reporting his assassination, the BBC described Ze'evi as "one of the most controversial politicians in Israel" who "repeatedly called for Arabs to be transferred out of the state and is notorious for using the line: 'Let the Arabs go back to Mecca'".{{cite news|title=Israeli minister shot dead|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1603862.stm|newspaper=BBC|date=17 October 2001}} Binyamin Elon, leader of the Moledet party after Ze'evi's murder, maintains that Ze'evi did not hate Arabs.[http://business.msn.co.il/news/StatePoliticalMilitary/Political/200511/20051102134000.htm Benny Elon: Ze'evi didn't hate Arabs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728133736/https://www.msn.com/?redirfallthru=http%3a%2f%2fbusiness.msn.co.il%2fnews%2fStatePoliticalMilitary%2fPolitical%2f200511%2f20051102134000.htm%3f |date=28 July 2020 }} MSN News, 2 November 2005 (in Hebrew) Despite being accused of racism, one of Ze'evi's closest friends was the Muslim Israeli-Arab officer and war hero Amos Yarkoni. Ze'evi and Yarkoni had worked together in the IDF. After Yarkoni's death Ze'evi loudly criticised the decision not to bury him in a military cemetery for {{lang|he|halakhic}} reasons.{{Cite news|last=Morello|first=Carol|date=6 January 2014|title=A Poignant Controversy Over Israeli Burial Site A Muslim War Hero's Jewish Peers Speak Out|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-31/news/25940346_1_israeli-army-jewish-soldier-israeli-jews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031558/http://articles.philly.com/1993-12-31/news/25940346_1_israeli-army-jewish-soldier-israeli-jews|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 January 2014|access-date=16 May 2021}}

File:Route90 1.jpg

In 1975, Ehud Olmert, who later became Prime Minister of Israel, accused Ze'evi of protecting organized crime figures. Ze'evi sued Olmert for libel but lost the case.Avneri, Ariel.The Route. Tel Aviv, 1992 In September 1991, while serving as Minister without Portfolio, he called then U.S. President George H. W. Bush an "anti-Semite.""Israeli Loan Dispute Turns Ugly; Rightist Calls Bush 'Anti-Semite'", New York Times (16 September 1991)

In 1997, he called then U.S. Ambassador to Israel, Martin Indyk a "{{lang|he|yehudon}}" ("jewboy") and challenged him to a fistfight. Indyk responded by calling him a "son of a bitch". The insult was apparently because the ambassador was urging Israel to make concessions in talks with the Palestinians.{{cite web|title=Rehavam Ze'evi|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/4266321/Rehavam-Zeevi.html|website=The Telegraph|date=18 October 2001 |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited|access-date=17 June 2015}}

A report in 2016 from a television news magazine aired allegations that Ze'evi killed unarmed Bedouins, conspired in an attempted murder of a reporter, and raped a soldier under his command.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jta.org/2016/04/15/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/following-rape-charge-israeli-lawmakers-vow-to-cancel-state-honors-for-rehavam-zeevi|title = After rape charge, Israeli lawmakers vow to nix state honors for slain general|date = 15 April 2016}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.mako.co.il/tv-ilana_dayan/2016-2659ae10426f3510/Article-7a7cca401651451006.htm|title=הסודות של גנדי | עובדה|date=14 April 2016|website=mako}}{{cite web|title= Despite rape claims, state memorial for slain minister goes ahead|url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-rape-claims-state-memorial-for-slain-minister-to-go-ahead/amp/|website=Times of Israel|access-date=1 November 2016}} The publication drew calls for an end to government funding for programs honoring Ze'evi.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mako.co.il/news-military/politics-q2_2016/Article-9f556d039361451004.htm?sCh=3d385dd2dd5d4110&pId=1434139730|title = N12 – "נפעל לביטול מפעל ההנצחה"|date = 14 April 2016}}

In July 2005, the Knesset passed a law to commemorate Ze'evi's memory.[https://www.knesset.gov.il/privatelaw/data/16/3/75_3_3.rtf Law to commemorate Rehavam Ze'evi, 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211549/http://www.knesset.gov.il/privatelaw/data/16/3/75_3_3.rtf |date=3 March 2016 }} The Knesset (in Hebrew) Route 90 was renamed Gandi's Road in his honor. Eilat's promenade was named for him and there is a life-size statue of him there. The community settlement of Merhav Am and the West Bank settlement Ma'ale Rehav'am also bear his name.

{{Div col}}

• Arab–Israeli conflict
• History of Israel
• Israel Defense Forces
• Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• List of assassinated people
• Palestinian political violence
• Politics of Israel
• Zionism
• Israeli casualties of war

{{Div col end}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{MKlink|id=51}}
• {{NYTtopic|people/z/rehavam_zeevi}}
• [http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Communication/PMSpeaks/speak1910.htm PM Ariel Sharon's remarks on the 3rd Anniversary of the Assassination of Minister Rehavam Ze'evi z"l] an address before the Knesset on 19 October 2004
• [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1129540658614&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Knesset commemorates Ze'evi]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Jerusalem Post, 2 November 2005
• [https://www.knesset.gov.il/vip/zeevi/heb/guestbook.asp?lang=e Guestbook in Memory of Rehavam Ze'evi] Knesset website

{{IsraelCentralCommandChiefs}}

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