Religious intentional community

File:Meteora_-_Rousanou_Monastery_1.jpg]]

Christianity has had a variety of religious groups dating back to the early church. Christian monasticism began in the Eastern churches, and eventually moved to the west.{{Cite book |last=Burton-Christie |first=Douglas |title=The Word in the Desert: Scripture and the Quest for Holiness in Early Christian Monasticism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-508333-0 |location=New York |pages=7–9}}

In the Catholic Church, a religious order is a community of consecrated life that is also an Institute.{{cite web |last1=Ryan |first1=George |title=What Is a Religious Order? The Major Catholic Religious Orders Easily Explained |url=https://ucatholic.com/blog/religious-orders-explained |website=uCatholic | date=2018-01-09}} Their members that take solemn vows. In the church, they are a type of religious institute. Under the broad category of religious order are canons regular and monasteries, mendicants and clerics regular.{{Cite book |last=Álvarez Gómez, C.M.F. |first=Jesús |title=Historia de la vida religiosa |publisher=Publicaciones Claretianas |year=1996 |isbn=978-8479662417 |volume=III |location=Madrid |language=es}}

A Congregation is a type of department of the Roman Curia,{{cite web |last=Wooden |first=Cindy |title=Changing needs, changing names: Reform of Curia is Vatican tradition |url=http://www.catholicsun.org/2014/07/31/changing-needs-changing-names-reform-of-curia-is-vatican-tradition/ |access-date= 2017-04-13 |website=The Catholic Sun |date= 2014-07-31 |publisher=The Catholic Sun}} ranking below the two Secretariats, and above the pontifical councils, pontifical commissions, tribunals and offices.{{cite web |title=The Roman Curia - Index |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/index.htm |website=Vatican}}

In the Western church, the concept of monasticism was patterned after the Eastern church. Monasteries and convents became an important part of European life.

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{{see also|Parish (Catholic Church)}}

A parish is a religious community within a particular church, led by a parish priest, under the authority of the diocesan bishop. It is the lowest ecclesiastical subdivision in the Catholic episcopal polity, and the primary constituent unit of a diocese or eparchy. In the 1983 Code of Canon Law, parishes are constituted under cc. 515–552, entitled "Parishes, Pastors, and Parochial Vicars."{{Citation |title=canon 518 |url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P1U.HTM#2.2.2.3.6.0.518 |work=Code of Canon Law}}

{{main|Eastern Christian monasticism}}

{{See also|Meteora|Mount Athos}}

Christian monasticism began in the Eastern Mediterranean in Syria, Palestine and Egypt. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Church of the East and Eastern Catholicism, monastic communities of monks and nuns followed the Rule of St Basil.

{{main|Intentional community}}

While not Christian in nature, an intentional community is a voluntary residential community designed to have a high degree of social cohesion. There are many secular communities, but monasteries, kibbutzim and ashrams are the religious versions.{{Cite book |last=Shenker |first=Barry |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203832639/intentional-communities-routledge-revivals-barry-shenker |title=Intentional Communities (Routledge Revivals) : Ideology and Alienation in Communal Societies |year=1986 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-83263-9 |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780203832639 |access-date= 2021-09-20}}

Lay religious communities are Christian examples of intentional communities. They include groups such as the Hutterites,{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=John |title=Hutterites |language=en |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hutterites/ |access-date=2017-06-12}} Bruderhof Communities,{{cite web |last=Rajani |first=Deepika |date=2019-07-25 |title=Inside The Bruderhof: The radical Christians living in an English village |url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/inside-the-bruderhof-bbc-documentary-when-time-community-where-live/ |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=inews.co.uk |language=en-GB}} Amish and some Mennonite churches, and the Shaker communities.{{Cite book |last=Stein |first=Stephen J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHUP_-cBln0C |title=The Shaker Experience in America |date=1992 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300059335 |location=New Haven and London | page = 94}}

{{See also|List of Tibetan monasteries}}

File:Chiang-Mai Thailand Wat-Chedi-Luang-01.jpg in Northern Thailand]]

In Buddhism, the Buddhist monastery (Vihāra) is a place for Buddhist monks and nuns (bhikkhu). In early Sanskrit and Pali texts, Vihāra meant any arrangement of dwellings for the bhikkhu. Over time, the concept evolved into an architectural style for living quarters for monks with an open shared space or courtyard.{{Cite book |last=Paul Dundas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |title=The Jains |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=1-134-50165-X |pages=203–204}}

An ashram ({{langx|sa|आश्रम}}, {{IAST|āśrama}}) is a spiritual hermitage or a monastery in Indian religions.{{Cite book |last=Swami Swahananda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCyRen5mGAAC&pg=PA92 |title=Monasteries in South Asia |date= 1990-01-01 |publisher=Vedanta Press |isbn=978-0-87481-047-9 |pages=92–}} Traditionally, an ashram would be located far from human habitation, among natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and meditation.{{Cite book |last=Gopal |first=Madan |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |title=India through the ages |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |year=1990 |editor-last=K. S. Gautam |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70 70]}}

File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg

In Islam, {{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|Ummah}} ({{langx|ar|أمة}} {{IPA|ar|ˈʊmːæ|}}) is an Arabic word meaning "community", but is different from {{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|shaʻb}} ({{lang|ar|شعب}} {{IPA|ar|ʃæʕb|}}), which means a nation with common ancestry or geography. It is a synonym for {{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|ummat al-Islām}} ({{lang|ar|أمة الإسلام}}, 'the Islamic community'); and is commonly used to mean the collective community of Islamic people.{{cite web |date=2017-01-05 |title=Rohingyas and the Myth of Ummah |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2017/01/05/rohingyas-and-the-myth-of-ummah/ |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}

The Quran typically refers to the ummah as a single group that shares common religious beliefs, specifically those that are the objects of a divine plan of salvation.{{Cite book |last=Houtsma |first=M. Th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA125 |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936 |publisher=Brill |year=1987 |isbn=9004082654 |pages=125–126}}

• Koinonia, group cohesiveness among Christians
• Religious congregation
• Religious organization
• Ghetto

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{{Cite book |last=Deegan |first=P.J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywPiAAAAMAAJ |title=The monastery: life in a religious community |publisher=Creative Educational Society |year=1970|isbn=9780871910431 }} 79 pages.

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• {{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkEHmdr-7ZUC |title=Exploring Religious Community Online: We are One in the Network |publisher=P. Lang |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8204-7105-1 |series=Digital formations}}
• {{Cite book |last=Hanretta |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esqGAAAAMAAJ |title=Constructing a Religious Community in French West Africa: The Hamawi Sufis of Yacouba Sylla |publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison |year=2003}}

• {{commons category-inline|Religious groups}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Types of communities

Category:Community

Category:Sociology of religion