Resistance through culture

Resistance through culture (also called cultural resistance, resistance through the aesthetic,{{cite web|url=http://revistacultura.ro/nou/2010/05/insemnari-marunte-despre-rezistenta-prin-cultura-si-despre-un-roman-care-schimba-lumea/|title=Insemnari marunte despre rezistenta prin cultura si despre un român care schimba lumea|publisher=Cultura|language=ro|date=May 20, 2010|last=Simion|first=Eugen|access-date=January 26, 2014}} or intellectual resistance){{cite web|url = http://www.observatorcultural.ro/Exilul-inainte-si-dupa-exil*articleID_6365-articles_details.html|title = Exilul, inainte si dupa exil|publisher = Observator cultural|language = ro|last = Corbea|first = Andrei|date = 30 May 2000|access-date = 10 Aug 2015}} is a form of nonconformism. It is not open dissent, but a discreet stance.{{cite book|editor1-last=McDermott |editor1-first=Kevin |editor2-last=Stibe |editor2-first=Matthew|title=Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges to Communist Rule|location=Oxford, New York |publisher= Berg|pages=90, 91|isbn=978-1-84520-258-3}}

A revolt "so well hidden that it seems nonexistent",{{cite web|url = http://www.romlit.ro/rezistena_cultural_la_nceputurile_comunismului|title = Rezistenţa culturală la începuturile comunismului|publisher = România literară|last = Marcu|first = Luminița|access-date = 10 Aug 2015|language = ro|date = 2002|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924131444/http://www.romlit.ro/rezistena_cultural_la_nceputurile_comunismului|archive-date = 24 September 2015|url-status = dead}} it is a quest "to extend the boundaries of official tolerance, either by adopting a line considered by authorities to be ideologically suspect, or by highlighting certain contemporary social problems, or both." Criticized for being "utopian, and thus inadequate to the realities of that age",{{cite book|title=In Marx's Shadow: Knowledge, Power and Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and Russia|year=2010|editor1-last=Bradatan|editor1-first=Costica|editor2-last=Oushakine|editor2-first=Serguei Alex.|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Plymouth, UK|page=54|isbn=978-0-7391-3624-9}} during the time of the Communist regimes in Europe, it was also a surviving formula, a modality for writers and artists to cheat Communist censorship without going the whole way into open political opposition.{{cite web|url = http://www.romaniaculturala.ro/articol.php?cod=7884|title = Memorie si exil|publisher = romaniaculturala.ro|language = ro|last = Cesereanu|first = Ruxandra|date = 2005|access-date = 10 Aug 2015|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123644/http://www.romaniaculturala.ro/articol.php?cod=7884|archive-date = 2015-09-24}}{{cite book|title=Phenomenology 2005: Selected Essays from the Euro-Mediterranean Area, Part 1|editor1-last=Copoeru|editor1-first=Ion|editor2-last=Sepp|editor2-first=Hans Rainer|publisher=Zeta Books|year=2007|page=74}}