Resources for clinical ethics consultation
Clinical ethics support services initially developed in the United States of America, following court cases such as the Karen Ann Quinlan case, which stressed the need for mechanisms to resolve ethical disputes within health care. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requirement for hospitals, nursing homes, and home care agencies to have a standing mechanism to address ethical issues has also fostered this development (this requirement no longer appears in the Joint Commission regulations, however).
Despite initial doubts as the possibility of importing what was initially felt to be a specificity of the US system, ethics support services have developed in many other countries, including CanadaMacRae S. et al: Clinical bioethics integration, sustainability, and accountability: the Hub and Spokes Strategy Journal of Medical Ethics 2005;31:256-261 but also various countries in EuropeForde R. et al: Clinical ethics, information, and communication: review of 31 cases from a clinical ethics committee. J Med Ethics. 2005 Feb;31(2):73-7 and Asia.Fukuyama M. et al: A report on small team clinical ethics consultation programmes in Japan. J Med Ethics. 2008 Dec;34(12):858-62
In order to share experience and resources among these clinical research ethics consultation and support services, networks and platforms have increasingly developed.Slowther A. et al: Development of clinical ethics committees. BMJ.2004;328(7445):950–952 This page is intended to summarise existing online resources aimed at assisting new and developing clinical ethics support services. Its goal is to make these resources more easily accessible. Listing in this page does not constitute endorsement of the various contents: users will still need to judge the value of these resources for themselves.
It is reasonable to suppose that these resources will increasingly be international. Because of the role of the English language in international communication, multi-lingual resources whose languages include English are given in their English title. Those not available in English are given in their original language.
Clinical ethics consultation networks
Listed by country
=Canada=
[http://www.phen.ab.ca/ecommittees/ Provincial Health Ethics Network (Alberta)]
=United Kingdom=
[http://www.ukcen.net/ UK clinical ethics network ]
=United States=
[https://www.practicalbioethics.org/ Center for Practical Bioethics]
[http://www.kansashealthethics.org/article.php?story=20070716093647827 Kansas Health Ethics Committee Network]
[http://www.law.umaryland.edu/programs/health/mhecn/ Maryland Healthcare Ethics Committee Network]
[http://www.mcw.edu/populationhealth/Services/MidwestEthicsCommitteeNetwork.htm Midwest Ethics Committee Network]
[http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/web/page/514/sectionid/377/pagelevel/3/interior.asp Johns Hopkins Research Ethics Consulting Service]
National and international guidelines on clinical ethics
Listed by country
=World Medical Association=
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060620012925/http://www.wma.net/e/policy/c8.htm International code of medical ethics]
=Australia=
[http://www.ama.com.au/codeofethics Australian Medical Association code of ethics]
=Canada=
[http://policybase.cma.ca/PolicyPDF/PD04-06.pdf Canadian Medical Association code of ethics]
=India=
[http://www.mciindia.org/know/rules/ethics.htm Medical Council of India code of ethics]
=New Zealand=
[http://www.nzma.org.nz/about/Code%20of%20Ethics%20-%20for%20the%20NZ%20medical%20profession.pdf New Zealand Medical Association code of ethics]
=Switzerland=
[http://www.samw.ch/en/Ethics/Guidelines/Currently-valid-guidelines.html Medical ethics recommendations of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences]
=United Kingdom=
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101129220139/http://www.bma.org.uk/ethics/index.jsp British Medical Association's Medical Ethics portal]
[http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/good_medical_practice/how_gmp_applies_to_you.asp British General Medical Council’s Guidance on Good Medical Practice]
=United States=
[https://www.practicalbioethics.org Center for Practical Bioethics]
[http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics.shtml American Medical Association code of ethics]
Clinical ethics committee guidelines
Many clinical ethics support services develop guidelines and advise policy within the health care setting. While the conclusions of consultations regarding individual patients are, of course, confidential, general ethical guidelines and policy advice regarding ethical difficulties which come up repeatedly in clinical care are not. Some ethics support services make these guidelines available online. Adding yours will make these resources more useful!
Listed by country
=Switzerland=
[http://ethique-clinique.hug-ge.ch/avis_recommandations/recommandations.html Recommandations du Conseil d'éthique clinique de Genève]
=United States=
[https://www.practicalbioethics.org Center for Practical Bioethics]
Methodological resources
Some networks and consultation services have developed tools and guidelines for the practice of clinical ethics consultation, and made them available online. The following sites provide tools, documents, and advice for new or developing clinical ethics support services:
=Switzerland=
[http://www.samw.ch/dms/en/Ethics/Guidelines/Currently-valid-guidelines/e_Ethics_support.pdf Recommandations on "Ethics Support in medicine" from the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences]
=United Kingdom=
[http://www.ukcen.net/index.php/education_resources/support_guide UK Clinical Ethics Network practical guide for clinical ethics support]
=United States=
[http://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/ethics.html University of Washington guide on clinical ethics committees and consultation]
[http://www.ethics.va.gov/integratedethics/ieresources.asp Veterans' Administration (US) IntegratedEthics Tools and Materials]
Online books
[https://books.google.com/books?id=_14H7MOw1o4C&pg=PA57 Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Tom L. Beauchamp, James F. Childress)]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=noa6r0wPLdQC&pg=PA56 Ethics Consultation: from theory to practice (Mark P. Aulisio, Robert M. Arnold, Stuart J. Youngner)]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=qMRLwuhEvYQC&pg=PA84 Ethics Consultation (John La Puma, David L. Schiedermayer)]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=FkgrwOcqZCMC Cambridge textbook of bioethics (Peter A. Singer, Adrian M. Viens)]
Selected articles
[http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/abstract/133/1/59 ASBH Task Force on Health Care Ethics Consultation: Nature, Goals, and Competencies]
[http://jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/5/256 Clinical bioethics integration, sustainability, and accountability: the Hub and Spokes Strategy] by the University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics
[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15681669 Clinical ethics, information, and communication: review of 31 cases from a clinical ethics committee (Norway)]
[http://www.bioethica-forum.ch/docs/08_1/1_08_12.pdf Moral Deliberation in the Netherlands]
[http://www.bioethica-forum.ch/docs/08_1/1_08_6.pdf Clinical ethics consultation in Switzerland]
[https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11019-008-9146-y Report on the conference “clinical ethics consultation: theories and methods—implementation—evaluation,” February 11–15, 2008, Bochum, Germany]
Online tutorials
Listed by language
=English=
[http://bioethics.lumc.edu/online_masters/ECE_skill.html Skill Building in Ethics Case Consultation at the Neiswanger Institute]
=French=
[http://ethique-clinique.hug-ge.ch/formation/etudes_de_cas/cadre_ref_doucet.html Études de cas du Conseil d'éthique clinique de Genève]
International and national conferences
[https://web.archive.org/web/20090630095310/http://www.bioethics-international.org/iab-2.0/index.php?show=index International Association of Bioethics]
[http://www.clinical-ethics.org International Conference on Clinical Ethics and Consultation]
=Canada=
[http://www.bioethics.ca/ Canadian Bioethics Society]
=Switzerland=
[http://www.bioethics.ch/content/default.htm Société Suisse d'Éthique Biomédicale / Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Biomedizinische Ethik]
=United States=
[http://www.asbh.org/ American Society for Bioethics and the Humanities]
See also
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- Bioethics
- Medical Ethics
- Nursing ethics
- Autonomy
- Principlism
- Advance health care directive
- Informed Consent
- Evidence-based medical ethics
- Do not resuscitate
- Euthanasia
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- Assisted Suicide
- Psychiatry#Ethics
- Arthur Caplan
- Ruth Faden
- Ross Upshur
- Joseph Fins
- Edmund D. Pellegrino
- Jonathan D. Moreno
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References
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Further reading
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/principle-beneficence/ "Principle of Beneficence in Applied Ethics"]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/respect/ "Respect"]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/advance-directives/ "Advance Directives and Substitute Decision-Making"]
- [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/decision-capacity/ "Decision-Making Capacity"]
External links
- [http://www.intute.ac.uk/healthandlifesciences/bioethicsweb/ Bioethicsweb at Intute]: [http://www.intute.ac.uk/healthandlifesciences/cgi-bin/browse_bioethicsweb.pl?id=111567 Clinical ethics committees]
- [http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/web/page/514/sectionid/377/pagelevel/3/interior.asp Johns Hopkins ICTR Research Ethics Consulting Service]