Revolutionary Government of the Philippines

{{Short description|Temporary government established in the Philippine Islands}}

{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}

{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{for|other provisional governments established in the Philippines|Revolutionary government in the Philippines}}

{{Infobox country

| native_name = {{native name|es|Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas}}
{{native name|tl|Pamahalaang Rebolusyonaryo ng Pilipinas}}

| conventional_long_name = Revolutionary Government of the Philippines

| common_name = Revolutionary Government of the Philippines

| status = Unrecognized state

| empire = Spain

| year_start = 1898

| year_end = 1899

| date_start = June 23,

| event_end = Republic proclaimed

| date_end = January 23,

| event1 = Mock Battle of Manila

| date_event1 = August 13, 1898

| event2 = Spanish cession

| date_event2 = December 10, 1898

| p1 = Captaincy General of the Philippines

| flag_p1 = Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg

| flag_p2 = Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg

| p2 = Dictatorial Government of the Philippines

| s1 = First Philippine Republic{{!}}First Philippine Republic

| flag_s1 = Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg

| image_flag = Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg

| flag_type = Flag

| image_coat = Gobierno Revolucionario Filipinas.png

| symbol_type = Coat of arms

| national_anthem = {{lang|es|Marcha Nacional Filipina}}
({{Langx|en|"Philippine National March"}}){{efn-la|The original title was "Marcha Filipina-Magdalo" (Philippine-Magdalo March), and was later changed to "Marcha Nacional Filipina" (Philippine National March) upon its adoption as the national anthem of the First Philippine Republic on June 11, 1898, a day before independence was to be proclaimed.{{cite magazine|url=https://ncca.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/BALANGHAY-MAY-JUNE-2012.pdf|magazine=Balanghay: The Philippine Factsheet|issue=3. May–June|year=2012|title=The Philippine National Anthem|publisher=National Commission for Culture and the Arts}}{{cite book | last=Castro | first=C.A. | title=Musical Renderings of the Philippine Nation | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=New Cultural History of Music | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-19-987684-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uaZnkbiJbbYC | access-date=2022-01-18 | page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=uaZnkbiJbbYC&pg=PA29 29]}}}}

| image_map = Map of Philippines First Republic.png

| image_map_caption = Territory claimed by the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines in Asia

| legislature = None (rule by decree)
(June 23 – September 15, 1898)
Malolos Congress
(from 1898)

| capital = Bacoor
(June 1898 – August 1898)
Malolos
(August 1898 – January 1899)

| common_languages = Spanish, Tagalog

| government_type = Revolutionary republic

| title_leader = President

| year_leader1 = 1898–1899

| leader1 = Emilio Aguinaldo

| title_deputy = President of the Cabinet

| year_deputy1 = 1899

| deputy1 = Apolinario Mabini

| era = Philippine Revolution

| religion = Roman Catholicism, Islam, Indigenous Philippine folk religions

| currency = Philippine peso

}}

{{wikisource|Emilio Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 23, 1898}}{{wikisource|Emilio Aguinaldo's instructions on June 27, 1898}}

The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines ({{langx|es|Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas}}) was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only president.{{harvnb|Duka|2008|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4wk8yqCEmJUC&pg=PA167 167–174]}} The government succeeded a dictatorial government that had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18{{Harvnb|Elliott|1917|pp=[https://archive.org/details/philippinestoend00elli/page/493 491–493 (Appendix E: Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 18, 1898, Establishing the Dictatorial Government)]}} and was dissolved and replaced by this government upon its establishment.{{harvnb|Kalaw|1927|pp=[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afj2233.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=443 423–429 (Appendix C.)]}}{{Harvnb|Guevara|1972|p=[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=aab1246.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=53 35]}} This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government that replaced it.{{Harvnb|Guevara|1972|pp=120–122 (items [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001/138?view=image&size=100 28], [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001/139?page=root;size=100;view=image 28a] and [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001/140?page=root;size=100;view=image 28b)]}}).{{Harvnb|Elliott|1917|pp=[https://archive.org/details/philippinestoend00elli/page/493 493–497 (Appendix F: Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 23, Establishing the Revolutionary Government)]}}

Four governmental departments were initially created, each having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine, and commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction, and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry.{{Harvnb|Elliott|1917|pp=[https://archive.org/details/philippinestoend00elli/page/493 493–494] (Appendix F, Chapter I : Of the Revolutionary Government)}} A revolutionary congress was established with power "[t]o watch over the general interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said laws; to discuss and approve, prior to their ratification, treaties and loans; to examine and approve the accounts presented annually by the secretary of finance, as well as extraordinary and other taxes which may hereafter be imposed."{{Harvnb|Elliott|1917|pp=[https://archive.org/details/philippinestoend00elli/page/493 495–496 (Appendix F, Chapter II : Of the Revolutionary Congress)]}}

On August 14, 1898, two days after the Battle of Manila of the Spanish–American War and about two months after Aguinaldo's proclamation of this revolutionary government, the United States established a military government in the Philippines, with General Merritt acting as military governor.{{Harvnb|Halstead|1898|pp=[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=58428&pageno=110 110–112]}}