Rhododendron luteum
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Redirect|Azalea pontica|Rhododendron ponticum|Rhododendron ponticum}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rhododendron luteum (flower).jpg
| genus = Rhododendron
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera
| species = luteum
| authority = Sweet
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|
- Anthodendron flavum {{small|(Hoffmanns.) Rchb.}}
- Anthodendron ponticum {{small|(L.) Rchb.}}
- Azalea flava {{small|Hoffmanns.}}
- Azalea pontica {{small|L.}}
- Azalea pontica var. flava {{small|(Hoffmanns.) DC.}}
- Rhododendron indicum var. luteum {{small|(Sweet) G.Don}}
- Rhododendron flavum {{small|(Hoffmanns.) G.Don}}
- Rhododendron flavum var. coronarium Sweet
- Rhododendron flavum f. macranthum {{small|(Bean) Rehder}}
- Rhododendron flavum var. macranthum {{small|Bean}}
- Rhododendron luteum var. macranthum {{small|(Bean) E.H.Wilson}}
}}
| synonyms_ref = {{Cite POWO|id=3A332817-1|title=Rhododendron luteum|access-date=4 March 2023}}
}}
Rhododendron luteum, the yellow azalea or honeysuckle azalea, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwest Asia. In Europe, it occurs from southern Poland and Austria, south through the Balkans, and east to southern Russia; and in Asia, east to the Caucasus.
It is a shrub growing {{convert|3-4|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The leaves are deciduous, 5–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad. The flowers are 3–4 cm in diameter, bright yellow, and strongly perfumed, produced in trusses of 5–25 together. The fruit is a dry capsule 15–25 mm long, containing numerous small seeds.
The nectar is toxic, containing the neurotoxin grayanotoxin; records of poisoning of people eating the honey date to the 4th century BC in Classical Greece.{{cite web |url=https://csuvth.colostate.edu/poisonous_plants/Plants/Details/111 |title=Guide to poisonous plants: rhododendron |publisher=Colorado State University |access-date=12 October 2020}}
Cultivation and uses
It is widely cultivated in western Europe, used both as an ornamental plant in its own right, and as a rootstock onto which other azalea cultivars are grafted. It is locally naturalised in western and northern Europe. In Great Britain it has colonised many wet heaths and bogs, but unlike its relative Rhododendron ponticum it does not usually form dominant stands and so is of lower nature conservation concern. However it is listed under Schedule 9 of the UK Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as a non-native invasive species. While it is legal to sell and grow it in gardens, users are expected to take care when disposing of material from this plant.
R. luteum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/15369/i-Rhododendron-luteum-i-(A)/Details |title=RHS Plantfinder - Rhododendron luteum |access-date=3 October 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf |title=AGM Plants - Ornamental |date=July 2017 |page=85 |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2 October 2018}}
Cultural references
The plant is depicted in place of the crown above the coat of arms of the Local Community of Boštanj, Slovenia. It was chosen because the area is one of the few habitats of Rhododendron luteum in Slovenia. The coat of arms was created in 1998, during the break-up of the former Yugoslavia.
Gallery
Sarı çiçekli ormangülü-1.jpg
Rhododendron luteum i Oslo.jpg|Fruit
Rhododendron luteum BotGardBln1105Autumn.JPG|Autumn foliage
Hachmann Rhod Goldtopas.jpg|Cultivar 'Goldtopas'
Natural vegetation of Rhododendron luteum 04.jpg|Rhododendron luteum in the wild
References
{{Commons|Rhododendron luteum}}
{{Reflist}}
- [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rhododendron+&SPECIES_XREF=luteum+&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: Rhododendron luteum]
- {{GRIN}}
- [http://www.habitas.org.uk/gardenflora/rhodoluteum.htm UK garden flora: Rhododendron luteum]
- [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Rhododendron+luteum Plants for a Future: Rhododendron luteum]
- [http://home.earthlink.net/~rhodyman2/rhodytox.html Rhododendron Poisoning: Rhododendron luteum]
- [http://www.rhododendron.dk/luteum.html Danish web-site, photo's: Rhododendron luteum]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2591210}}