Ribes divaricatum
{{Short description|Species of currant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ribes divaricatum 5391.JPG
|genus = Ribes
|species = divaricatum
|authority = Douglas The original description of this species was published in Transactions, of the Horticultural Society of London, 7: 515. 1830. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=284297-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}}
|synonyms ={{collapsible list|bullets = true
|Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii Jancz.
|Ribes divaricatum var. glabriflorum Koehne in Koehne
|Ribes divaricatum var. rigidum M.Peck
|Grossularia divaricata Coville & Britton
|Ribes parishii A.Heller
|Ribes divaricatum subsp. parishii (A.Heller) A.E.Murray
|Ribes divaricatum var. montanum Jancz.}}
|synonyms_ref = Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii was published in Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 35: 391. 1907. Geneva & Paris. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=220915-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} Grossularia divaricata was published in North American Flora xxii. 224 (1908). New York Botanical Garden. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=791222-1 |title=Plant Name Details for Grossularia divaricata |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} R. d. var. glabriflorum was published in Deutsche Dendrologie. 200. 1893. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=220916-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. glabriflorum |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} R. d. var. rigidum was published in Leaflets of Western Botany 7: 182. 1954. San Francisco, California. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=220924-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. rigidum |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} R. parishii was published in Muhlenbergia; a Journal of Botany. 1: 134. 1904. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Los Gatos, California. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=221051-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes parishii |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} R. d. ssp. parishii was published in Kalmia; Botanic Journal. 12: 24 (1982). Levittown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=921418-1 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum ssp. parishii |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}} R. d. var. montanum was published in Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 35: 391. 1907. Geneva & Paris. {{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=220920-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. montanum |work=IPNI |accessdate=August 2, 2010}}
}}
Ribes divaricatum is a species in the genus Ribes found in the forests, woodlands, and coastal scrub of western North America from British Columbia to California.[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Ribes%20divaricatum.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map][http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7114 Calflora taxon report, University of California, Ribes divaricatum Douglas spreading gooseberry ] The three accepted varieties have various common names which include the word "gooseberry". Other common names include coast black gooseberry, wild gooseberry,{{GRIN | accessdate = December 24, 2017}} Worcesterberry,{{cite web |title=Ribes divaricatum |work=RHS Plants |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/113051/i-Ribes-divaricatum-i/Details |accessdate=2014-11-04 }} or spreading-branched gooseberry.
Description
Ribes divaricatum is a shrub sometimes reaching {{Convert|3|m|abbr=off|frac=2}} in height with woody branches with one to three thick brown spines at leaf nodes. The leaves are borne on petioles, up to {{Convert|6|cm|abbr=off|frac=4}} long{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} and {{Convert|2.5-6.5|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide.{{Cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ |title=Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest |last2=Kuhlmann |first2=Ellen |date=2014 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-1-60469-263-1 |edition=1st |location=Portland, OR |pages=203}} They are generally palmate in shape, 3–5 lobed and edged with teeth.
The inflorescence is a small cluster of hanging flowers, each with reflexed purple-tinted green sepals and smaller, white to red petals encircling long, protruding stamens. The fruit is a sweet-tasting purplish-black berry up to {{Convert|1|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide.
{{gallery|mode=packed
|Ribes divaricatum leaf1.jpg|Leaf
|Ribes divaricatum spine1.jpg|Spine close-up
|Ribes divaricatum 5378.JPG|Flowers
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}}
= Similar species =
It is similar to Ribes lacustre and R. lobbii, but the former has smaller, reddish to maroon flowers and the latter has reddish flowers that resemble those of fuchsias and sticky leaves.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250065855 Flora of North America, Ribes divaricatum Douglas, 1830. Straggly gooseberry ]
Taxonomy
;Varieties[http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Ribes+divaricatum&mode=sciname&submit.x=12&submit.y=8 USDA PLANTS, name search: Ribes divaricatum]{{cite web |title=Profile for Ribes divaricatum (spreading gooseberry) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RIDI |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=PLANTS Database |publisher=USDA, NRCS}}
- Ribes divaricatum var. divaricatum, or spreading gooseberry is found in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.{{cite web |title=Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. divaricatum (spreading gooseberry) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RIDID |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=PLANTS Database |publisher=USDA, NRCS}}
- Ribes divaricatum var. parishii, called Parish's gooseberry, is found only in California.{{cite web |title=Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. parishii (Parish's gooseberry) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RIDIP |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=PLANTS Database |publisher=USDA, NRCS}} R. d. var. parishii was published in A Flora of California. 2: 151. 1936. Berkeley, London, San Francisco. {{cite web |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. parishii |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=220922-2 |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=IPNI}}
- Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum, known as straggly gooseberry is native to both California and Oregon.{{cite web |title=Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum (straggly gooseberry) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RIDIP2 |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=PLANTS Database |publisher=USDA, NRCS}} R. d. var. pubiflorum was published in Deutsche Dendrologie. 200. 1893. {{cite web |title=Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=284299-2 |accessdate=August 2, 2010 |work=IPNI}}
Uses
The berries are ripe when black and edible.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6y1BAAAQBAJ&q=%22Ribes%20divaricatum%22&pg=PT938 | title=Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage| isbn=9781118654019| last1=Thompson| first1=Anthony Keith| date=2014-10-03| publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}
The fruit was food for a number of Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest, and other parts of the plant, especially the bark, was used for medicinal purposes.{{cite web |url=http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Ribes+divaricatum |author=Dan Moerman |title=Search for Ribes divaricatum |work=Native American Ethnobotany Database |publisher=University of Michigan |location=Dearborn, Michigan |accessdate=August 2, 2010}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Wikispecies}}
- {{Commons category inline|Ribes divaricatum|Ribes divaricatum}}
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?4450,4451,4465 Jepson Manual Treatment]
- [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Ribes+divaricatum+var.+pubiflorum Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California: var. pubiflorum]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2029489}}
Category:Flora of the West Coast of the United States
Category:Flora of British Columbia
Category:Plants described in 1830
Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine
Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine