Richard Aaron

{{Infobox philosopher

|region = British philosophy

|era = Contemporary philosophy

|image = Richard Aaron.jpg

|image_size =

|caption =

|name = Richard Ithamar Aaron

|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1901|11|6}}

|birth_place = Blaendulais, Glamorgan, Wales

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1987|3|29|1901|11|6}}

|death_place = Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales

|spouse = {{marriage|Rhiannon Morgan|1937}}

|children = 5, including Jane

|school_tradition =

|main_interests = John Locke, Welsh literature

|occupation = {{ubl|Swansea University|Aberystwyth University}}

}}

Richard Ithamar Aaron, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FBA}} (6 November 1901 – 29 March 1987), was a Welsh philosopher who became an authority on the work of John Locke. He also wrote a history of philosophy in the Welsh language.

Early life and education

Born in Blaendulais, Glamorgan, Aaron was the son of a Welsh Baptist draper, William Aaron, and his wife, Margaret Griffith.{{cite ODNB|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/65645|title=Aaron, Richard Ithamar (1901–1987), philosopher|year=2004|last=Jones|first=O. R.}} [also accessible in {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary01matt |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |year=2004 |volume=1 |pages= |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}] He was educated at Ystalyfera Grammar School,{{Citation |title=Aaron, Richard Ithamar, (6 Nov. 1901–29 March 1987), Professor of Philosophy, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1932–69 |date=2007-12-01 |work=Who Was Who |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-161308 |access-date=2025-02-12 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u161308 |url-access=subscription}} (Also see Who's Who 1954.) then at the University of Wales from 1918, where he studied history and philosophy. In 1923 he was elected a Fellow of the university, allowing him to attend Oriel College, Oxford, where he gained a DPhil in 1928 for a dissertation on "The History and Value of the Distinction between Intellect and Intuition".{{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Peter |title=Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-415-06043-1 |editor-last=Brown |editor-first=Stuart C. |location=London |page=1 |chapter=Aaaron, Richard Ithamar |editor-last2=Collinson |editor-first2=Diané |editor-last3=Wilkinson |editor-first3=Robert |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfGIKKb3iZEC&pg=PA1}}

Career

In 1926 Aaron was appointed a lecturer in the Department of Philosophy at the University College of Swansea. After the retirement of W. Jenkyn Jones in 1932, Aaron was appointed to the chair of philosophy at University College of Wales, Aberystwyth where he settled, initially on the nearby hill of Bryn Hir and later at Garth Celyn.{{Sfn|Jones|1988|p=377}}

Although his early publications focused on epistemology and the history of ideas, Aaron became fascinated with the work and life of John Locke. The interest was sparked by his discovery of unexamined information in the Lovelace Collection: notes and drafts left by John Locke to his cousin Peter King. There he found letters, notebooks, catalogues, and most pertinently, an early draft of Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", hitherto presumed missing. Aaron's research led to the 1937 publication of a book on the life and work of Locke that subsequently became an accepted standard work. The proofs were read by Rhiannon Morgan, whom Aaron married in 1937. They had five children. One of their children is Welsh literature specialist Jane Aaron, born in 1951.{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinworld200000unse |title=Who's who in the world 2005 |date=2004 |publisher=Chicago : Marquis Who's Who |others= |isbn=978-0-8379-1133-5 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}{{Cite web |date= |title=Aaron, Jane 1951- |url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2003-16419/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902032330/http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2003-16419/ |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=11 March 2019 |website=WorldCat |publisher=OCLC |language=en}}

Aaron produced several more books and articles, including a book in Welsh on the history of philosophy, Hanes athroniaeth—o Descartes i Hegel in 1932. His attempts to boost interest in philosophy in Wales included establishing in that year a philosophy section at the University of Wales Guild of Graduates, which still conducts its proceedings in Welsh. From 1938 to 1968 he was the editor of the Welsh journal Efrydiau Athronyddol ('Philosophical Studies').{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00meic |title=The Oxford companion to the literature of Wales |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford [Oxfordshire] ; New York : Oxford University Press |others= |isbn=978-0-19-211586-7 |editor-last=Stephens |editor-first=Meic |pages=1 |url-access=registration}}

Other notable publications of Aaron's include "Two Senses of the Word Universal" (1939){{Cite journal |last=Aaron |first=R. I. |date=1939 |title=Two Senses of the Word Universal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2250857 |journal=Mind |volume=48 |issue=190 |pages=168–185 |issn=0026-4423}} and "Our Knowledge of Universals", a study read to the British Academy in 1945 and published in its Proceedings and as a separate monograph.{{Cite book |last=Aaron |first=Richard Ithamar |url=https://archive.org/details/ourknowledgeofun0000aaro |title=Our knowledge of universals |date=1975 |publisher=New York : Haskell House Publishers |others= |isbn=978-0-8383-0108-1 |url-access=registration}}{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=H. H. |date=1946 |title=Review of Our Knowledge of Universals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3747701 |journal=Philosophy |volume=21 |issue=79 |pages=187–191 |issn=0031-8191 |url-access=registration}} Aaron's fascination with the idea of a universal culminated in The Theory of Universals (1952).{{Cite journal |last=Baylis |first=Charles A. |date=1954 |title=Review of The Theory of Universals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2020617 |journal=The Journal of Philosophy |volume=51 |issue=14 |pages=417–420 |doi=10.2307/2020617 |issn=0022-362X |url-access=subscription}} Here, he attacks the notion of universals as Platonic forms, but is as critical of Aristotelian realism on essences as he is of nominalism and conceptualism as theories of universals.{{Sfn|Jones|1988|p=384}}

In 1952–1953, Aaron was a visiting professor at Yale University. In 1956, he was able to study the third draft of Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding at the Pierpont Morgan Library, which led to a substantial addition to the second edition of John Locke, published in 1955. He became a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) and president of the Mind Association in the same year. In 1956, the Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and Mind Association (publisher of the journal Mind) was held in Aberystwyth, and Aaron gave the inaugural lecture.{{Sfn|Jones|1988|p=386}} In 1957 he was elected President of the Aristotelian Society.

In 1967, Aaron published a second edition of The Theory of Universals with a new preface and several additions and rewritten chapters. In 1971, he published a third edition of his Locke biography and the book Knowing and the Function of Reason, which includes broad discussion of the laws of non-contradiction, excluded middle and identity, of the use of language in speech and thought, and of substance and causality.

After retiring in 1969, he taught for a semester at Carlton College, Minnesota, before returning to Wales, where he helped to write articles for the 1974 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. He began to feel the effects of Alzheimer's disease and died at his home in Aberystwyth on 29 March 1987.{{Cite news |last=Anon. |date=1 April 1987 |title=Professor R. I. Aaron |url=https://archive.org/details/2011Null/Apr%2001%201987%2C%20The%20Times%2C%20%2362731%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n13/mode/1up |work=The Times |page=14}}

Selected works

{{Cite book |title=The Nature of Knowing |last=Aaron |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.204805 |year=1930 |publisher=Williams & Norgate |edition= |location=London |oclc=18633058 |url-access=}}
{{Cite book |title=Hanes Athroniaeth o Descartes i Hegel |year=1932 |publisher=Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru |location=Caerdydd |language=cy |trans-title=History of Philosophy from Descartes to Hegel |oclc=21747278 |author-mask=----- |last=Aaron |first=Richard |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006138155}}
----- (ed. with J. Gibb) An Early Draft of Locke's Essay, Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1936.{{Cite journal |last=Laird |first=John |date=1937 |title=Review of An Early Draft of Locke's Essay, Together with Excerpts from His Journals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3747096 |journal=Philosophy |volume=12 |issue=45 |pages=111–112 |issn=0031-8191 |url-access=registration}}
{{Cite book |last=Aaron |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/johnlocke0000aaro_j6f8_3edi |title=John Locke |year=1971 |author-mask=----- |orig-year=1937 |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-19-824355-7 |oclc=490103200 |url-access=registration}}
{{Cite book |last=Aaron |first=Richard |title=Proceedings Of The British Academy |date=1945 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=Our Knowledge of Universals |author-mask=----- |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.16178/page/17/mode/1up}}
-----{{Cite book |title=The Theory of Universals |year=1967 |orig-year=1952 |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford |edition=2nd |oclc=307324 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryofuniversa0000aaro_a5j8}}
{{Cite book |title=Knowing and the Function of Reason |url=https://archive.org/details/knowingfunctiono0000aaro |url-access=registration |year=1971 |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-824351-9 |oclc=263355808|last=Aaron|first=Richard|author-mask=-----}}

References

Sources

{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=O. R. |url= |title=Proceedings of the British Academy, 1987 |title-link=Proceedings of the British Academy |series= |volume=73 |year=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |chapter=Richard Ithamar Aaron, 1901–1987 |issn=2753-6777 |chapter-url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/1282/73p375.pdf}}

Category:1901 births

Category:1987 deaths

Category:20th-century British philosophers

Category:20th-century Welsh essayists

Category:20th-century Welsh educators

Category:20th-century Welsh male writers

Category:Academics of Aberystwyth University

Category:Academics of Swansea University

Category:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford

Category:Aristotelian philosophers

Category:Welsh male essayists

Category:Carleton College faculty