Richard H. Truly

{{Short description|American astronaut and NASA administrator (1937–2024)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Richard Truly

| image = Richard H. Truly - GPN-2002-000090.jpg

| office = 8th Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

| president = George H. W. Bush

| term_start = July 1, 1989

| term_end = March 31, 1992

| predecessor = James C. Fletcher

| successor = Daniel S. Goldin

| birth_name = Richard Harrison Truly

| birth_date = {{nowrap|{{birth date|1937|11|12}}}}

| birth_place = Fayette, Mississippi, U.S.

| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|02|27|1937|11|12}}

| death_place = Genesee, Colorado, U.S.

| education = Georgia Institute of Technology (BS)

| allegiance = {{flag|United States}}

| branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}

| serviceyears = 1959–1989

| rank = Vice Admiral

| commands = Fighter Squadron 33

| mawards = Legion of Merit
Defense Superior Service Medal
Distinguished Flying Cross
NASA Distinguished Service Medal

| module2 = {{Infobox|child=yes|headerstyle=background:lavender;|header1=Astronaut career}}

| module3 = {{Infobox astronaut

|child = yes

|image = Richard H. Truly Official Astronaut Portrait.jpg

|caption = Truly in October 1979

|type = NASA astronaut

|time = 8d 7h 21m

|selection = USAF MOL Group 1 (1965)
NASA Group 7 (1969)

|mission = ALT
STS-2
STS-8

|insignia = 40px 40px 40px

|retirement = May 1992}}

}}

Richard Harrison Truly (November 12, 1937 – February 27, 2024) was an American fighter pilot, engineer and astronaut who served as a vice admiral in the United States Navy and as the eighth administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1989 to 1992. He was the first former astronaut to head the space agency.

After his departure from NASA, he led the Georgia Tech Research Institute from 1992 to 1997, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory from 1997 to 2005.

Early life and education

Born November 12, 1937, in Fayette, Mississippi, Truly attended segregated schools in Fayette and Meridian, Mississippi. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1959. He was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America, achieving its highest rank of Eagle Scout.{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/Biographies/truly.html|title=NASA Administrator, May 14, 1989 – March 31, 1992|publisher=NASA|access-date=December 31, 2017}}

Being a member of the Navy ROTC at Georgia Tech, Truly entered the U.S. Navy, where he was ordered to flight school and was designated a naval aviator on October 7, 1960. His initial tour of duty was in Fighter Squadron 33 (VF-33) where he flew F-8 Crusaders aboard USS Intrepid and USS Enterprise. He made more than 300 carrier landings.

From 1963 to 1965, Truly was first a student and later an instructor at the U.S. Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California.{{cite web|title=Richard H. Truly (Vice Admiral, USN, RET.) NASA Astronaut (Former)|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/truly_richard.pdf|publisher=NASA|date=March 1992 |access-date=June 18, 2021}}

NASA career

In 1965, Truly was among the first military astronauts selected to the United States Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program in Los Angeles, California. He joined NASA Astronaut Group 7 in August 1969 after the cancellation of the MOL program. At NASA, he was a member of the astronaut support crew and capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for all three of the crewed Skylab missions in 1973, and the Apollo–Soyuz mission in 1975. He flew twice on one of the two-man crews for the 1977 Approach and Landing Tests of the Space Shuttle Enterprise, and on the STS-2 mission in 1981, becoming the first man to be launched into space on his birthday. Truly then served as commander of STS-8 in 1983.

After STS-8, Truly left NASA to become the first commander of the Naval Space Command.{{cite web|title=Richard Truly|url=http://astronautscholarship.org/Astronauts/richard-h-truly/|publisher=Astronaut Scholarship Foundation|access-date=November 5, 2014}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28678405/argusleader/|title=Truly Is Named to Lead Naval Space Command|newspaper=Argus-Leader|location=Sioux Falls, South Dakota|page=7|date=September 7, 1983|via=Newspapers.com|agency=Associated Press}}

{{Quote box|align=center|width=28%|quote=It's tough to describe how hard we all worked on MOL. But it was a huge part of our lives and, because of how hard we worked, we all learned a lot about ourselves and our abilities.|salign=right|source=—Truly, describing his MOL experience.{{cite web |title=Secret Astronauts – Vice Adm. Richard H. Truly, USN |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/astrospies/prof-07.html |department=Astrospies |work=Nova |publisher=PBS}}}}

=Return to flight=

Three weeks after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, Truly returned to NASA to become NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight on February 20, 1986.{{cite web |url = http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Biographies/truly.html |title = Richard H. Truly |work=NASA History Division |publisher = NASA|date=February 3, 2003}} His primary task was to watch over the Space Shuttle's return to flight status. Along with that, he was also responsible for such long term issues as whether or not Challenger would be replaced, the role the Shuttle would play in the future and the mixture of expendable spacecraft and the shuttle for upcoming missions. While it only took a few days to determine the technical reason for the accident, sorting out the root cause was more difficult. In the end, it took Truly and NASA's "Return to Flight" program 31 months before the Space Shuttle Discovery successfully flew on September 29, 1988, with STS-26. In March 1986, Truly noted in a memo that there were several actions NASA needed to accomplish before launching another Shuttle flight. They included "Solid Rocket Motor joint redesign, Critical Items review, and Operations and Maintenance Instructions review".{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4219/Chapter15.html|title=Return to Flight ... Challenger Accident|work=NASA History|publisher=NASA}}

=NASA Administrator=

Truly retired from the Navy as a vice admiral shortly before becoming NASA administrator. He was named to head NASA as its eighth administrator in May 1989, the first astronaut to do so. He held this position until May 1992. He was credited by Carl Sagan with interceding in an internal dispute regarding whether Voyager 1 should be commanded to take one last photograph of Earth before completing its primary mission. The resulting photograph has since become known as the Pale Blue Dot photograph.{{cite news |last=Greenfieldboyce |first=Nell |date=February 12, 2010 |title=An Alien View Of Earth |url=https://www.npr.org/2010/02/12/123614938/an-alien-view-of-earth |work=All Things Considered |publisher=NPR |access-date=November 5, 2014}}

On February 12, 1992, Truly was fired as Administrator. Two weeks before, Vice President Dan Quayle had met with Truly, requesting the Administrator step down and accept an ambassadorship. Truly considered the offer but ultimately declined.{{Cite book |first=Michael |last=Cassutt |title=The Astronaut Maker: How One Mysterious Engineer Ran Human Spaceflight for a Generation |date=March 3, 2024 |location=Chicago |publisher=Chicago Review Press |page=335 |isbn=9781613737002 |oclc=1005188277}}

When he was fired, Truly said, "I'm floored. I can't explain it".{{cite news |title=Truly Fired as Nasa Chief, Apparently At Quayle Behest |first=Kathy |last=Sawyer |date=February 13, 1992 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/02/13/truly-fired-as-nasa-chief-apparently-at-quayle-behest/bc7cc6cc-1799-4435-8550-e879d81dcff1/}} Senator Al Gore, who would succeed Quayle as vice president a year later, said he was concerned about the move, stating that Truly was "a good man who did a good job under difficult circumstances" and that "I view this as a very troubling sign that ... Quayle's space council may have forced Admiral Truly to leave this job because of the council's insistence on running NASA from the vice president's office."

Observers suggested the firing was due to Truly's focus on large-scale projects like extending the life of the Space Shuttle rather than smaller, faster missions favored by the administration. It was suggested "that he was captive of his bureaucracy and incapable of making the changes, the reforms, the administration wanted." Others pointed to the battle over the International Space Station, which unexpectedly ran into serious problems in Congress, requiring the administration to intervene to save it.

Post-NASA activities

After leaving NASA, Truly became Vice President and Director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute, part of the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, Georgia.{{cite web|url=http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000090.html|work=Great Images In NASA|publisher=NASA|title=Richard H. Truly|access-date=August 23, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621032804/http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000090.html|archive-date=June 21, 2010}} He served in this role from 1992 to 1997.{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/gtri75/history-makers/vadm-richard-h-truly-usn-ret|title=VADM Richard H. Truly (USN, Ret.)|work=GTRI 75 Years|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|access-date=August 23, 2010|archive-date=June 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619073118/http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/gtri75/history-makers/vadm-richard-h-truly-usn-ret|url-status=dead}}

Then he served as director of the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory and as executive vice president of the MRIGlobal (formerly Midwest Research Institute) from 1997–2005.{{cite web|url=http://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2004/396.html|title=NREL Director Richard Truly Announces Retirement Plans|publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory|date=June 8, 2004|access-date=November 5, 2014}}

In May 2007, Retired Vice Admiral Richard Truly testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations as a member of a military advisory board on the subject of the threats to U.S. national security posed by global climate change.{{cite web|url=http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2007/TrulyTestimony070509.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527141439/http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2007/TrulyTestimony070509.pdf|archive-date=May 27, 2010|title=Testimony of Vice Admiral Richard Truly, USN (Ret.)|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=August 23, 2010|url-status=dead}}

In 2010, Truly was appointed to the board of trustees of the Colorado School of Mines by Governor Bill Ritter.{{cite web |url=http://www.mines.edu/Vice-Admiral-Truly-appointed-to-Mines-Board-of-Trustees |title=Vice Admiral Truly appointed to Mines Board of Trustees |access-date=September 1, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908064331/http://www.mines.edu/Vice-Admiral-Truly-appointed-to-Mines-Board-of-Trustees |archive-date=September 8, 2015 }} He served as the vice chairman of the board.{{Cite web|url=http://inside.mines.edu/Board_of_Trustees|title = Board of Trustees}}

Personal life and death

Truly was married to Colleen "Cody" Hanner, and had three children. He died at his home in Genesee, Colorado, on February 27, 2024, at the age of 86.{{cite web |title=Richard Truly, shuttle astronaut and NASA administrator, dies at 86 |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-022924a-astronaut-richard-truly-nasa-adminstrator-obituary.html |website=Collect Space |access-date=February 29, 2024}}{{cite press release |id=24-036 |first1=Faith |last1=McKie |first2=Cheryl |last2=Warner |date=February 29, 2024 |title=NASA Honors Life of Former Administrator, Astronaut Richard Truly |publisher=NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-honors-life-of-former-administrator-astronaut-richard-truly/ |access-date=March 1, 2024}}

Decorations

Image:Richard Truly, official Navy photograph, 1987.jpg

Truly was awarded the following military decorations and government awards:

style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Defense Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=US Defense Superior Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion of Merit ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}

{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Presidential Citizens Medal ribbon -vector.svg|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=NasaDisRib.svg|width=106}}

{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=NASA Outstanding Leadership Ribbon.png|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=USA - NASA Excep Rib.png|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=SpaceFltRib.svg|width=106}}

class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

colspan="3"|Defense Distinguished Service Medal

Defense Superior Service Medal

|Legion of Merit
with one star

|Distinguished Flying Cross

Meritorious Service Medal

|Presidential Citizens Medal

|NASA Distinguished Service Medal
with one star

NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal

|NASA Exceptional Service Medal
with one star

|NASA Space Flight Medal
with one star

In 1988, he was awarded the Society of Experimental Test Pilots James H. Doolittle Award. He also received that year the Collier Trophy for his role in assisting NASA's return to launching crewed missions after the Challenger disaster.{{cite web|url=http://naa.aero/awards/awards-and-trophies/collier-trophy/collier-1980-1989-winners|title=Collier 1980–1989 Recipients|publisher=National Aeronautic Association|access-date=November 5, 2014}} He was awarded the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award in 1972.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23696426/clarionledger/|title=Truly May Give Mississippi its First Space Break|newspaper=Clarion-Ledger|location=Jackson, Mississippi|via=Newspapers.com|page=3|date=November 1, 1981|last1=Pendergrast|first1=Loretta}} He also received the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award in 1977.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23696593/corvallis_gazettetimes/|title=Grandfather Truly Got Birthday Blast|newspaper=Corvallis Gazette-Times|date=November 13, 1981|page=6|location=Corvallis, Oregon|via=Newspapers.com}} In 1995, he was inducted into the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame.{{cite web|title=Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly|url=http://www.gaaviationhalloffame.com/Hall-of-Fame.48.0.html?avid=89|access-date=October 9, 2018|website=Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602002855/http://www.gaaviationhalloffame.com/Hall-of-Fame.48.0.html?avid=89|archive-date=June 2, 2017|url-status=live}} He was awarded the General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy for 1981.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/1997/May%201997/0597recs.pdf |title=The Gen. Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy |publisher=USAF |magazine=AIR FORCE Magazine |date=May 1997 |page=156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306030237/https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/1997/May%201997/0597recs.pdf |archive-date=March 6, 2022 }}