Richard Ingle
{{Short description|English rebel and privateer in colonial Maryland}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox pirate
| honorific_prefix = Captain
| name = Richard Ingle
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Loading a cargo of tobacco Leadingfactsofam01mont pp50 1910.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = Illustration of a tobacco ship
| caption = Illustration of a tobacco ship, circa 1620
| native_name =
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa|1609}}
| birth_place = Kingdom of England
| baptised =
| disappeared_date =
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| nationality = English
| other_names = Mr. Inglee,[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Winthrop_s_Journal_History_of_New_Englan/vUF3AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=eleanor&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover Winthrop, John. Winthrop's Journal, "History of New England, " 1630-1649. United States, C. Scribner's sons, 1908.] "Jugle"{{cn|date=November 2024}}
| occupation = sea captain, tobacco trader, privateer
| years_active =
| known_for = Making war with the Catholic colonial Governor Lord Baltimore and Catholics in the Province of Maryland in the name of English Parliament and the Maryland Puritans, plundering ships and attacking and seizing the colonial capital of St. Mary's City
| notable_works =
| style =
| opponents = {{hlist|Catholic colonial Governor Lord Baltimore| Catholics in Province of Maryland}}
| allegiance = Commonwealth of England File:Flag of England.svg
Commonwealth Parliamentary Navy
| rank = Captain
| commands = Reformation (1645)
| battles = Plundering Time (1644–1646)
Capture of St. Mary's City, Province of Maryland (1645)
| footnotes =
}}
Richard Ingle ({{born in|{{circa|1609}}}} – {{died in|1653}}) was an English sea captain, tobacco trader, and privateer in colonial Maryland. Along with William Claiborne, Ingle revolted against Maryland Catholic leaders in the name of English Parliament and Puritans in a period known as the Plundering Time. Ingle and his men attacked ships and captured the colonial capital of the proprietary government in St. Mary's City.
Early life
Richard Ingle was born in England, possibly in London, into a Protestant family that schooled him. He became a trader and ship captain, transporting the goods of Maryland colonial traders from England and back,{{Cite web|url=https://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/richardingle.asp|title=Exploring Maryland's Roots: Library: Richard Ingle (1609-1653)|website=mdroots.thinkport.org}} and later became a prominent trader of tobacco around Virginia. Ingle's name appears in records in 1642, when he arrived in Boston captaining the Eleanor with a shipment of tobacco from Virginia.
Ingle's Revolt
File:Pope's Fort around the Calvert House c1645.jpg
When the English Civil War broke out in the early 1640s, Ingle sided with the Puritans. He fell out with the Catholic leaders of the province of Maryland. Royalist proprietary governor Leonard Calvert seized his ship, but Ingle escaped.{{when|date=November 2024}}
In January 1643/4, Ingle was reported as part owner and master of the trading ship, Reformation.Henry F. Thompson, "Richard Ingle in Maryland" Maryland Historical Magazine, Volume 1, Issue 2 (June 1906). MSA SC5881-1-2 A warrant for his arrest from William Hardrige was made to be carried out by Thomas Cornwallis.[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Captain_Richard_Ingle_the_Maryland_pirat/tgMNAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA9&printsec=frontcover Ingle, Edward. Captain Richard Ingle, the Maryland "pirate and Rebel," 1642-1653: A Paper. United States, J. Murphy & Company, 1884.] With Captain and Councilor James Neale, Cornwallis arrested Richard Ingle but then switched to allow Ingle to sail away.{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/leadingeventsofm00mont/page/32/mode/1up?q=neale | title=Leading events of Maryland history; with topical analyses, references, and questions for original thought and research | date=1903 | publisher=Boston, Md., The Cushing Co. }} Both Neale and Cornwallis were only fined and suspended for their transgression.{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/leadingeventsofm00mont/page/32/mode/1up?q=neale | title=Leading events of Maryland history; with topical analyses, references, and questions for original thought and research | date=1903 | publisher=Boston, Md., The Cushing Co. }}
Ingle returned in February 1645/46 with the ship Reformation and assailed the Maryland colony in the name of English Parliament. Ingle attacked the settlement of St. Mary's City, the colonial capital, and imprisoned leaders of the colony. Governor Calvert fled to Virginia. Ingle's men built a palisade around Leonard Calvert's property and named it "Pope's Fort" in tribute to Colonel Nathaniel Pope, the owner of the Calvert property.Rose, Mark. "The Forgotten Fight for America." Archaeology, vol. 58, no. 1, 2005, pp. 46–51. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41779871. Accessed 20 Nov. 2024.Beale, G. W. “Col. Nathaniel Pope and His Descendants.” The William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, vol. 12, no. 3, 1904, pp. 192–96. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1915552. Accessed 20 Nov. 2024.{{Cite web|url=https://colonialencounters.org/SiteSummaries/CountrysHouseSummary.aspx|title=Colonial Encounters: The Lower Potomac River Valley, 1500-1720 AD|website=colonialencounters.org}}
=Plundering Time=
{{Main|Plundering Time}}
Captain Richard Ingle took control of the Maryland colonial government and along with fellow Protestant William Claiborne, an Anglican church adherent, ushered in a period of unrest and lawlessness from 1644 to 1646 known as the "Claiborne and Ingle's rebellion", or "Plundering Time".[http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/gov06.html Maryland State Archives] Governors of Maryland 1634 – 1689 Under Ingle's leadership, his men looted property of wealthy Roman Catholic settlers.
Ingle claimed that he had a letter of marque to cruise the waters of Shesapeake (Chesapeake Bay) by permission of the new Long Parliament in England.Jonas, Manfred. “The Claiborne-Calvert Controversy: An Episode in the Colonization of North America.” Jahrbuch Für Amerikastudien, vol. 11, 1966, pp. 241–50. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41155175. Accessed 19 Nov. 2024. Local settlers regarded him as a pirate. Ingle had a council mimicking the previous governing body, called the Assembly of Protestants.{{cite magazine
| last = Smith
| first = Francis Neale
| date = 2003
| title = James Neale ... hath Adventured Himself into our Province of Maryland
| url = https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5800/sc5881/000001/000000/000392/pdf/msa_sc_5881_1_392.pdf
| magazine = Maryland Historical Magazine
| location =
| publisher = Maryland Historical Society
| access-date = December 10, 2024
| volume = 98
| issue = 3
| page = 263
}} He put two Jesuit priests, Andrew White and Thomas Copley, in chains and transported them back to England.
Governor Calvert returned in August 1646 with a military force and re-established his control of the colony.{{Cite web|url=https://oldsite.hsmcdigshistory.org/research/history/leonard-calvert/|title=Leonard Calvert |}} Calvert died in June 1647 due to illness. In 1648, Richard Ingle was called a "notorious and ungrateful villain" by Maryland leaders.[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_History_of_Maryland/ZRd6yEUfznMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA653&printsec=frontcover Bozman, John Leeds. The History of Maryland: From Its First Settlement, in 1633, to the Restoration, in 1660 ; with a Copious Introduction, and Notes and Illustrations. United States, J. Lucas & E.K. Deaver, 1837.]Council Proceedings from 1636 to 1657, pp 205
Death
Though most of his men were granted amnesty, Richard Ingle, according to some sources, was specifically exempted from being released, made an example of, and executed as a pirate in 1653.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
References
{{Reflist}}
=Further reading=
- Donnelly, Mark P. and Daniel Diehl. Pirates of Maryland: Plunder and High Adventure in the Chesapeake Bay. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012.
- Maloney, Eric John. "Papists and Puritans in Early Maryland: Religion in the Forging of Provincial Society, 1632–1665". PhD. Dissertation. Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1996.
- Riordan, Timothy B. Plundering Time: Maryland and the English Civil War, 1645–1646. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2004.
External links
- [https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/26958/pg26958-images.html Ingle, Edward. Captain Richard Ingle: The Maryland 'Pirate and Rebel' 1642-1653 1884.] at Project Gutenberg
{{Authority control}}
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Category:English businesspeople
Category:People from colonial Maryland
Category:Executed English people
Category:People executed by the Province of Maryland by hanging