River Ingrebourne
{{short description|Tributary of the River Thames in England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Ingrebourne
| native_name =
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| name_other = Rainham Creek
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| image = River Ingrebourne (2010) 001.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Looking north from the bridge on Berkeley Drive
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = England
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Counties
| subdivision_name3 = Greater London
| subdivision_type4 = London boroughs
| subdivision_name4 = Havering
| subdivision_type5 = Towns
| subdivision_name5 = Upminster, Hornchurch, Rainham
| length_km = 43.3
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| discharge1_location= Gaynes Park
| discharge1_min = {{convert|0.06|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}17 August 1972
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|0.33|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max = {{convert|29.0|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}21 November 1974
| source1 =
| source1_location = Brentwood, Essex
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| mouth = River Thames
| mouth_location = Rainham Marsh, Rainham
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| tributaries_left = Weald Brook, Carters Brook, Paynes Brook
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The River Ingrebourne {{IPAc-en|'|ɪ|ŋ|g|ər|ˌ|b|ɔər|n}} is a tributary of the River Thames 27 miles (43.3 km) in length. It is considered a strategic waterway in London, forming part of the Blue Ribbon Network. It flows through the London Borough of Havering roughly from north to south, joining the Thames at Rainham.
Etymology
The name is recorded in 1062 as Ingceburne and its suffix is a form of the Old English 'burna', meaning bourne, a type of stream. The meaning of the prefix is unclear, although it could refer to a person.{{cite book|title=Dictionary of London Place Names|year=2001|last=Mills|first=A.D.|publisher=Oxford}}
Description
The Ingrebourne rises near Brentwood, Essex, whence it flows in a southwesterly direction under the M25 motorway through the London Borough of Havering in north east London. The river passes under the motorway near Junction 28, where the first of its tributaries, the 2.7 miles (4.3 km) long Weald Brook joins, followed shortly by Carters Brook and Paynes Brook. After skirting south of the built-up area of Harold Hill, the route passes under the Great Eastern Main Line. From here it is partly non-urban: a large area of flood-plain follows before the Ingrebourne threads between the suburbs of Upminster and Hornchurch.
File:Ingrebourne valley panorama wiki.jpg
The river from here is surrounded by public open space: with Gaynes Parkway, the Ingrebourne Valley Greenway and Hornchurch Country Park taking up the area until reaching Rainham. Here the river divides, the main channel becoming Rainham Creek, where it flows into the Thames between Hornchurch Marshes (to the west) and Rainham Marshes (to the east) at Old Man's Head. The second channel becomes the Wennington Sewers complex.
Significance
The Ingrebourne Marshes are a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of the diversity of its wildlife and extensive areas of wetland reeds.[http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001842.pdf Natural England, Ingrebourne Marshes citation] The river forms one of the strategic waterways identified in the Blue Ribbon Network policy in the London Plan. The Ingrebourne Valley is a Local Nature Reserve.{{cite web|url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=ingrebourne&ID=1244|title=Ingrebourne Valley |publisher=Natural England}}
Crossings
class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |
scope="col" | Crossing
! scope="col" | Type ! scope="col" | Coordinates ! scope="col" | Opened ! scope="col" | Notes ! scope="col" | Photo {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123991813|notes=Carries the A12 road}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123998610|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123998373|notes=Carries the Great Eastern Main Line}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123991619|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123995553|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123995684|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123996336|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123991626|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123991653|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123992644|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123992532|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123991662|notes=Also known as Rainham Bridge}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q109629505|notes=}} {{Wdtable row/bridge1|qid=Q123995200|notes=Discharges into the River Thames at a sluice}} |
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See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{River item box
|type=confluence
|river=River Thames
|upstream=River Beam (north)
|downstream=Mardyke (north)
}}{{coord|51.56901|N|0.24857|E|source:placeopedia|display=title}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingrebourne}}
Category:Geography of the London Borough of Havering
Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Havering