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River Leven, North Yorkshire

{{Short description|River in North Yorkshire, England}}

{{Use British English|date=March 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}

{{Infobox river

| name = River Leven

| image = Leven_Mouth.jpg

| image_caption = The mouth of the Leven.

| image_alt = A large expanse of water with trees on the banks

| source1_location = Kildale Moor, North Yorkshire

| source1_coordinates= {{coord|54|27|50|N|1|2|47|W}}

| mouth_location = River Tees at Yarm

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|54|30|31|N|1|20|12|W|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type1 = Country

| subdivision_name1 = England

| length_km = 46.2

| source1_elevation = {{convert|279|m|ft}}

| discharge1_avg =

| basin_size_km2 = 196.3

| mouth_elevation = {{convert|16|m|ft}}

}}

The River Leven (pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|i|v|ən}}){{cite book |title=BBC pronouncing dictionary of British names |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford; New York |isbn=0192129767 |page=143 |edition=2 |quote=Leven, Rivers, Fife, Highland, Strathclyde, North Yorkshire; livən, lévvěn}} in North Yorkshire, England is a tributary of the River Tees. It rises on Warren Moor, part of Kildale Moor, in the North York Moors and flows to the north of the moors to join the River Tees at Yarm.

Course

The source of the river is on Warren Moor, part of Kildale Moor, just south of the village of Kildale. The river flows east until it reaches the Whitby to Middlesbrough railway line where it turns around to flow west to Kildale. It then flows south-south-west through woodland to its confluence with Dundale Beck where it turns north-west through Low Easby and Little Ayton, before turning west and then south-west at Great Ayton. It runs parallel to the A173 to Stokesley. The river becomes increasingly meandering as it continues south-west past Skutterskelfe to Hutton Rudby and Rudby, where it turns north-west and then west again over the Slape Stones waterfall. At Crathorne it turns north and then north-east as far as Middleton-on-Leven before passing under the A19 in a north-west direction. The final couple of miles are north and north-west between Ingleby Barwick and Yarm, before the river joins the River Tees.{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiremoors.co.uk/gazetteer/river_leven.html|title=Moors Knowledge|access-date=24 August 2011}}

=Water levels=

class="wikitable"
Monitoring station{{cite web|url=http://www.grdp.org/homeandleisure/floods/riverlevels/120692.aspx|title=River levels|access-date=23 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009125413/http://www.grdp.org/homeandleisure/floods/riverlevels/120692.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}

! Station elevation

! Low water level

! High water level

! Record high level

Easby

| {{convert|101.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.11|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1.25|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Great Ayton

| {{convert|83|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.03|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1.64|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Stokesley

| {{convert|67|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.09|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1.62|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Foxton Bridge

| {{convert|56|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|0.21|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}

| {{convert|2.63|m|ft|abbr=on}}

  • Low and High Water Levels are an average figure.

In October 2022, a new flood defence project was opened on the river above Stokesley. When river levels are high, a new flood channel diverts the excess water around the town, meeting the Leven again further downstream. The Environment Agency funded the project at a cost of £3.7 million.{{cite news |editor-last1=Chapman |editor-first1=Hannah |title=£3.7m flood defences are completed to protect town |work=Darlington & Stockton Times |issue=2022–40 |date=7 October 2022 |page=16|issn=2516-5348}}

Geology

The river drains from the Cleveland Hills across a mixed geology of mostly Permian and Jurassic age bedrock of low permeability. Most of the deposits on top of the bedrock are boulder clay. There is mixed agriculture, with some moorland and forestry near the source.{{cite web|url=http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/station.html?25005|title=Geology|access-date=24 August 2011}}

Natural history

Since a weir on the lower river was built during the Industrial Revolution, migratory and territorial fish and mammals had been missing from the river. In 2007, the Environment Agency built a fish bypass at the weir. In 2011, they announced the return of spawning salmon for the first time in 150 years.{{cite web|url=http://www.grdp.org/news/130731.aspx|title=Salmon returns|access-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009125425/http://www.grdp.org/news/130731.aspx|archive-date=9 October 2011}}

In 2020, it was confirmed that crayfish plague had infected the river after 40 dead white-clawed crayfish were found along a {{convert|700|m|adj=on}} stretch of river.{{cite news |last1=McCandlish |first1=Sophie |title=River plague threat |work=The Yorkshire Post |date=22 August 2020 |location=Country Week |page=13|issn=0963-1496}}

History

In Stokesley, the river is crossed by Taylorson's Bridge, a 17th-century packhorse bridge,{{cite book |title=A Guide to the Packhorse Bridges of England |last=Hinchliffe |first=Ernest |year=1994 |publisher=Cicerone Press |location=Milnrow, Cumbria |isbn=1-85284-143-5|page=81}} which was once the only crossing in the town.{{cite web|url=http://www.northyorkshiretowns.co.uk/towns/stokesley.html|title=Local history|access-date=24 August 2011}} The Domesday Book records a water mill on the banks of the river in the town.{{cite web|url=http://www.visit-stokesley.com/History-Stokesley.html|title=Stokesley History|access-date=21 August 2011}} In Hutton Rudby, a plaque on a bridge marks the site of a water mill that, amongst several uses, once made sailcloth.{{cite web|url=http://www.visit-stokesley.com/History-Hutton-Rudby.html|title=Hutton Rudby History|access-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001162244/http://www.visit-stokesley.com/History-Hutton-Rudby.html|archive-date=1 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}

Lists

{{col-begin}}

{{col-break}}

=Tributaries=

  • Lonsdale Beck
  • Dundale Beck
  • Otter Hills Beck
  • Main Stell
  • Ings Beck
  • Eller Beck
  • West Beck
  • River Tame
  • Grange Beck
  • Alum Beck
  • Carr Stell
  • Coul Beck
  • Hundale Gill
  • Magpie Gill
  • Fanny Bell's Gill
  • East Gill

{{col-break}}

=Settlements=

{{col-break}}

=Crossings=

  • Petlar's Bridge, near Kildale
  • Unnamed road, near Kildale
  • Whitby to Middlesbrough Railway Line
  • Unnamed road north of Kildale
  • Whitby to Middlesbrough Railway Line
  • Unnamed road north of Easby
  • Cross Lane, Little Ayton
  • Holmes bridge, Little Ayton (foot)
  • Holly Garth, Great Ayton
  • A173, Levenside, Great Ayton
  • A172, Stokesley
  • B1257, Stokesley Bridge
  • Manor Close/Levenside, Stokesley (ford)
  • Malvern Drive, Stokesley
  • B1365, Bense Bridge, Stokesley
  • Hutton Bridge, Hutton Rudby
  • Crathorne Mill Bridge, Crathorne
  • Foxton bridge near Middleton-on-Leven
  • A19 near Middleton-on-Leven
  • A1044, Leven Bridge, Low Leven

{{col-end}}

Gallery

File:Bridge over the Leven at Great Ayton - geograph.org.uk - 1639516.jpg|Bridge over the Leven at Great Ayton

File:Coul Beck joining the River Leven.jpg|Coul Beck joining the River Leven near Rudby

File:River Leven, Great Ayton - geograph.org.uk - 594058.jpg|River Leven, Great Ayton

File:River Leven, Low Green - geograph.org.uk - 477551.jpg|River Leven, Low Green, Great Ayton

Sources

  • Ordnance Survey Open Viewer https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/business-government/tools-support/open-data-support
  • Google Earth
  • National Environment Research Council - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [http://www.ceh.ac.uk/index.html]
  • Environment Agency [http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/]

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{Stockton}}

{{Rivers of Yorkshire}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leven}}

Category:Rivers of North Yorkshire