River Tale

{{Infobox river

| name = River Tale

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| image = River Tale near Cadhay - geograph.org.uk - 179377.jpg

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| image_caption = River Tale near Cadhay

| map = River Tale map.png

| map_size = 268

| map_caption = Catchment map of the River Tale

| pushpin_map = Devon

| pushpin_map_size = 268

| pushpin_map_caption= Location within Devon

| subdivision_type1 = Country

| subdivision_name1 = England

| subdivision_type2 = County

| subdivision_name2 = Devon

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| length = {{convert|14.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}

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| discharge1_location= Fairmile

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| discharge1_avg = {{convert|0.44|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}

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| source1 = Broadhembury

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| mouth = River Otter, Devon

| mouth_location = Devon

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|50.7562|-3.2880|display=inline,title}}

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The River Tale is a small river that drains the southern slopes of the Blackdown Hills, in Devon, England.

It is a tributary of the River Otter and {{convert|14.2|km|order=flip}} in length.{{cite book| url= http://ea-lit.freshwaterlife.org/archive/ealit%3A2439/-/River%20Otter%20catchment%20river%20water%20quality%20classification%201990|title= River Otter catchment river water quality classification

|page=1|last = National Rivers Authority - South West Region|year=1991|publisher=National Rivers Authority}} Its name is derived from getæl (Old English) meaning "quick, active or swift"; however, the river is noted as being "sluggish". One theory is that its name was transferred from Tala Water, a tributary of the nearby River Tamar.{{cite book|last=Poulton-Smith|first=Anthony|title=South Devon Place Names|date=2013|publisher=Amberley Publishing|location=Stroud|isbn=9781848687240|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KFOoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT147}} The river is the site of ongoing efforts to reintroduce the water vole, which is thought to be extinct in Devon.{{cite web|title=Building a new 'home' for Ratty|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/outdoors/nature/2004/water_voles_project.shtml|publisher=BBC Devon|date=September 2004}}

Course

The river rises on the southern flanks of the Blackdown Hills, beneath North Hill, and flows southwest through the village of Broadhembury and beneath the A373. It then turns south and passes alongside the grounds of Escot House before flowing through Fairmile where it is crossed by the A30 until it joins the River Otter at Cadhay near Ottery St Mary.{{cite web |title=River Tale |url= http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB108045009200 |website=Catchment Data Explorer |publisher=Environment Agency |access-date=20 December 2015}}

Hydrology

Since 1978 the river levels and flows of the Tale have been measured in its lower reaches near Fairmile. The thirty-six year record shows that the catchment of {{convert|34|km2}} to the gauging station yielded an average flow of {{convert|0.44|m3/s}}.{{cite web|url=http://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/meanflow/45013 |title= 45013 - Tale at Fairmile Daily Flow Data| work=National Rivers Flow Archive |publisher=Centre for Ecology & Hydrology|access-date=3 January 2016}} The highest river level recorded occurred in December 1981 with a height of {{convert|1.72|m}} through the gauge, giving a corresponding flow of {{convert|19.56|m3/s}}.{{cite web| url=http://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/peakflow/45013 |title= 45013 - Tale at Fairmile Peak Flow Data (Annual Maximum) |work= National Rivers Flow Archive |publisher=Centre for Ecology & Hydrology|access-date= 7 January 2016}}

The catchment upstream of the station has an average annual rainfall of {{convert|921|mm}} and a maximum altitude of {{convert|283|m}} at North Hill. Land use is primarily agricultural arable and grassland.{{cite web |url=http://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/spatial/45013 |title=45013 - Tale at Fairmile Spatial data |work= National Rivers Flow Archive |publisher=Centre for Ecology & Hydrology |access-date=3 January 2016}}

The river has a natural flow regime, unaffected by direct artificial influences.{{cite web |url=http://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/data/station/info/45013 |title=45013 - Tale at Fairmile Station Information |work= National Rivers Flow Archive |publisher=Centre for Ecology & Hydrology|access-date=3 January 2016}}

Ecology

The River Tale has been classed as having moderate quality under the Water Framework Directive. This is the middle band in the five-part framework scale, which ranges from high, good, and moderate, through to poor and finally bad. The chemical quality, however, was considered good in 2014.

Due to a number of factors, such as the loss of their natural habitat and predation by the non-native American mink (Neovison vison), water voles (Arvicola amphibius) were considered extinct in Devon’s rivers by 2000.{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/7255481.stm |work= BBC News |publisher=bbc.co.uk |title= Landfill tax helping water voles |access-date=7 January 2016 }}

In 2004, the Tale was chosen as a site for the reintroduction of this endangered species, because the river corridor had been restored as part of a project to improve the habitat and water quality of the river. This included fencing the river to prevent cattle damaging the bankside vegetation, and trapping mink. Following the improvements, there have been increases in the number of fish, and evidence that otters (Lutra lutra), have recolonised the river.{{cite news| url = http://talevalley.com/news/a-tale-of-water-voles |title= A Tale of Water Voles |publisher= Tale Valley Trust |access-date=7 January 2016 }}{{cite news |url=http://www.escot-devon.co.uk/water-voles-return-to-east-devons-river-tale/news-article/ |title=Water voles return to East Devon's River Tale |publisher=escot-devon.co.uk |access-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210015136/http://www.escot-devon.co.uk/water-voles-return-to-east-devons-river-tale/news-article/ |archive-date=10 February 2016 }}

References

External links

[https://flood-warning-information.service.gov.uk/station/3235 River Tale water levels at Fairmile]

Category:Rivers of Devon