Roasted chestnut

{{Infobox food

| name = Roasted chestnut

| image = Chestnuts roasted.jpg

| caption =

| alternate_name = Castanhas assadas, chǎolìzi, gunbam

| country = Various

| region =

| national_cuisine =

| creator =

| year =

| mintime =

| maxtime =

| type =

| course =

| served =

| main_ingredient = Chestnuts

| minor_ingredient =

| variations =

| serving_size =

| calories =

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| similar_dish = Roasted sweet potato

| other =

}}

{{Infobox Chinese

| title = Regional names

| c = {{linktext|炒栗子}}

| l = "stir-fried chestnut"

| p = chǎo-lìzi

| w = ch'ao³-li⁴tsŭ

| j = caau²-leot⁶zi²

| y = cháau-leuhtjí

| hangul = 군밤

| rr = gunbam

| mr = kunbam

| lk = roasted chestnut

| lang1 = Portuguese

| lang1_content = castanhas assadas

}}

Roasted chestnut is a popular autumn and winter street food in East Asia, Europe, and New York City. Asian chestnuts (Castanea crenata, C. mollissima) as well as European chestnuts (C. sativa) can be used.

Asia

= China =

In China, chǎolìzi ({{lang|zh|炒栗子}}; "stir-fried chestnut") is a popular autumn street food. Because they are roasted with sand and sweet syrup,{{Cite news|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/city-specials/hangzhou/Street-food-centers-draw-citys-hungry-student/shdaily.shtml|title=Street food centers draw city's hungry student|last=Xu|first=Wenwen|date=2017-01-12|newspaper=Shanghai Daily|access-date=2017-02-10}} they are also called tángchǎolìzi ({{lang|zh|糖炒栗子}}; "sugar stir-fried chestnut").

= Korea =

Gunbam ({{lang|ko|군밤}}; "roasted chestnut") is a popular street food in both North and South Korea.{{Cite news|url=https://www.10mag.com/10-korean-winter-street-foods-to-bear-the-cold-for/|title=10 Korean Winter Street Foods To Bear The Cold For|last=Carruth|first=David|date=2016-11-28|newspaper=10 Magazine|access-date=2017-02-09}}{{Cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-07-25-north-korea-food-shortage_n.htm|title=North Korea food shortage worst in years, despite farms|date=2011-07-26|agency=Associated Press |access-date=2017-02-09|newspaper=USA Today}} The food is sold from late autumn to winter by the vendors wearing ushanka, which is sometimes referred to as "roasted chestnut vendor hat" or "roasted sweet potato vendor hat". A popular folk song called Gunbam taryeong ({{lang|ko|군밤타령}}; "ballad of roasted chestnuts") was composed by Jeon Su-rin in 1932,{{Cite journal|last=Cho|first=Yoo Mi|year=2010|title=Reconsidering on the Development of 'Gunbam Taryeong'|script-title=ko:경기민요 '군밤타령'의 방생 시기에 대한 재검토|url=http://kiss.kstudy.com/journal/thesis_name.asp?tname=kiss2002&key=2869480|journal=Music and Culture|publisher=Korean Society for Worldmusic|volume=23|pages=109–130|via=KISS}} and has been sung since, being one of the songs commonly taught in public schools in South Korea.{{Cite AV media|script-title=ko:교과서 속 우리음악: 민요 '군밤타령' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWzHeEM2x5U |date=21 June 2016 |language=ko |publisher=National Gugak Center |access-date=12 March 2017 |via=YouTube}}

Europe

= Austria =

The Maronistand is a small booth where a street vendor offers roasted Maroni ("edible chestnuts" in local German) and potato-based hot snacks cooked in and on portable metal drums. Such outlets appear in the colder seasons and are a common sight at, for example, Viennese Christmas markets.{{Cite web |title=Roast chestnuts (Maroni) |url=https://www.visitingvienna.com/eatingdrinking/food/roastchestnuts/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=www.visitingvienna.com}}

= France =

In France, marrons chauds ("hot chestnuts") are a well known autumn street food. In Paris, many street sellers come from India, and use improvised stands with shopping carts and cans.{{cite news |first=Carole |last=Bianchiphotos |title=C'est chaud les marrons sur le boulevard Haussmann |url=https://www.20minutes.fr/paris/278782-20081205-chaud-marrons-boulevard-haussmann |agency=20minutes |date=2008-12-05}}{{cite web |title=Vendeurs de marrons a la sauvette: une vie sur les braises |url=https://www.neonmag.fr/societe-politique/reportage-vendeurs-de-marrons-la-sauvette-une-vie-sur-les-braises-502228 |website=Neon}}

In Corsica roasted chestnuts are known as fasgiole in Corsican language.

= Italy =

In Italy roasted chestnuts are most commonly known as caldarroste. They are very popular especially in mountainous areas of the country, such as the Apennines and the Alps where the chestnut grows in abundance. Chestnuts and roasted chestnuts can be found in numerous festivals throughout Italy, usually organized between the end of October and the beginning of November.

Roasted chestnuts are also known by various other names in different parts of Italy:

Basturnòn - Apennines of Piacenza
Biröll, Biroeull - Province of Como and Province of Milan
Boröla - Province of Bergamo
Braschèe, Mundee - North of Lake Como
Brigi - Città di Castello, Umbria
Brostoi - Some areas south of Brescia
Bruciata - Province of Florence and Province of Siena
Brusè - Province of Parma
Brüsatè - Piedmont
Buerie - Friuli
Caciole, infornatelle - Val Roveto, Abruzzo
Callarosta - Vallerano (VT)
Callaròsta - Canepina (VT)
Còculi - Molochio (RC)
Frugiata - Some areas of the Province of Pistoia and Province of Lucca
Maroni, Marroni - Province of Modena and Province of Bologna
Mondina - Garfagnana, Lucca Plain, Versilia, Lunigiana
Mondìgoli, Mandìgoli - Northern part of the Province of Vicenza
Mundaj, Mundà - Piedmont
Mundìne - Val Camonica
Nserta - Northern part of the Province of Cosenza
Pastiji - Some areas of the Province of Reggio Calabria
Pistiddre - Rotonda (PZ)
Pistiddèr - Pollino (southern area of Basilicata)
Riggiola - Northern part of the Province of Cosenza
Ruseddre, Rusedde - Central-western Calabria
Ruselle - Southern part of the Province of Cosenza
Rustìa - Province of Genoa
Varola - Montella (AV), Irpinia (AV), Melfi (PZ)
Vojola - Soriano nel Cimino (VT)

= Portugal and Spain =

Roasted chestnuts are popular street food in Portugal. Called castanhas assadas ("roasted chestnuts") in Portuguese, it is sold around November, when Dia de São Martinho (St. Martin's Day) is celebrated across the country.{{Cite news|url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/view/1087-13|title=Chestnuts worth their weight in gold|last=Bratley|first=Carrie-Marie|date=2010-11-13|newspaper=The Portugal News|access-date=2017-02-09}} Traditionally, newly harvested chestnuts are eaten around a bonfire on this day.

In some cities of Spain, during the winter period, portable grills are prepared with the intention of selling the roasted chestnuts in street stalls. In this case, the chestnuts are sold in paper cones (generally made from newspaper sheets). The tradition of the Magosto (roast chestnuts) is a tradition in the Iberian Peninsula.

United States

= New York City =

Roasted chestnuts are sold as street food primarily in Manhattan. Though they've been sold regularly for well over a century, the major consumers are primarily tourists, not residents. Once common, they've become less so.{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/chestnut-tradition-toast-n-y-vendors-offer-treat-article-1.473997 |title=Chestnut tradition is toast! Few N.Y.C. vendors offer treat |last1=Bultman |first1=Matthew |last2=Siemaszko |first2=Corky |date=December 7, 2010 |website=New York Daily News}} They're sold ($3-$4 a bag) starting either at the beginning of autumn, or when the first chill sets in – about the end of September, or early October, until early spring. The few vendors who currently sell them say they mostly sell to tourists around the Christmas holidays. {{citation needed|date=June 2022}}