Robert Péguy

Péguy was trained at the Conservatoire de Paris, and began his professional career as a stage actor at the Bouffes du Nord theater, where he was sometimes paired with another future director, Maurice Tourneur.{{cite book |last1=Rège |first1=Philippe |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffr0002rege/page/802/mode/2up |title=Encyclopedia of French Film Directors |volume=2 (N–Z) |location=Lanham |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=802–803 |isbn=9780810861374}}{{cite archive | item =Interview M. Robert Péguy | item-url=http://www.cineressources.net/consultationPdf/web/a000/057.pdf |date=1946 |collection=Commission de Recherche Historique | institution=Cinémathèque française |location =Paris |item-language=fr |id=CRH40-B2}} He was introduced to filmmaking by animation pioneer Émile Cohl and, in 1907, started a mobile cinema business with him in western France.{{cite magazine |last1=Vignaux |first1=Valérie |date=2007 |title=The film notebooks of Émile Cohl or the movement of a work: image by image from Gaumont to Éclair. |url=https://journals.openedition.org/1895/2433 |magazine=1895 – Revue d'histoire du cinéma |location=Paris |publisher=Association française de recherche sur l'histoire du cinéma |issue=53 |pages=156 |issn=0769-0959}} After Cohl was hired at major Gaumont, he recommended Péguy, who joined in 1909. He first worked as a screenwriter under the pen name Marcel Robert and wrote several scripts for the company's star director, Louis Feuillade.{{cite magazine |last1=Ambrière |first1=Francis |date=January 1932 |title=Les souvenirs de Robert Péguy |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k974434d/f27.item |magazine=L'Image |location=Paris |issue=36 |pages=27–30}}{{cite magazine |editor1=Albera, François |editor2=Gili, Jean A. |date=2001 |title=Dictionnaire du cinéma français des années vingt |url=https://journals.openedition.org/1895/99 |magazine=1895 – Revue d'histoire du cinéma |location=Paris |publisher=Association française de recherche sur l'histoire du cinéma |issue=31 |pages=308–328 |language=fr |issn=0769-0959}} He would sell scripts rejected by Gaumont to competitor Lux Compagnie Cinématographique de France,{{cite web | url =https://www.thecinetourist.net/lux.html | title =Lux locations | author= | website =thecinetourist.net | access-date =April 2, 2023}} whose boss invited him to get behind the camera. His directorial debut was a brief short called L'escarpin verni ({{literal translation|The Patent Leather Pump}}), which was shot in a single day.

The director surrounded himself with a close knit troupe of crossovers from the stage, including the Étiévant family of thespians. He was also credited for pushing young actors into prominent roles,{{cite magazine |last1=Fors |first1=Jack |date=15 May 1942 |title=Comment R. Péguy relie le passé à l'avenir |url=http://www.cineressources.net/consultationPdf/web/o001/1839.pdf |magazine=Ciné-mondial |location=Paris |publisher=Editions Le Pont |issue=38 |page=8 }} and gave Charles Vanel several of his early gigs, including his first appearance on record in a little known film named Jim Crow.{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Charles |date=1986 |url=https://excerpts.numilog.com/books/9782402645287.pdf |title=Charles Vanel, Un comédien exemplaire |location=Paris |publisher=Édition France-Empire |pages=17, 20–21}} Péguy was part of the medium's early development in France, and remembered facing the hostility of a producer when he tried to introduce close-ups to his work, which were then considered unaesthetic.{{cite book |last1=Bardèche |first1=Maurice |last2=Brasillach |first2=Robert |date=1953 | orig-date=1938 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33688733/f40.image |title=Histoire du cinéma |volume=I: Le Cinéma muet |edition=fourth |chapter=Les premiers pas du cinéma |location=Paris |publisher=André Martel |page=24}} When silent star Suzanne Grandais broke up with Gaumont in a salary dispute in 1913, her manager René d'Auchy retained Péguy's services to assist him as the director of a series of films made with German backing.{{cite magazine |last1=Blonde |first1=Didier |date=2012 |title=For Suzanne Grandais |url=https://journals.openedition.org/1895/4467 |magazine=1895 – Revue d'histoire du cinéma |location=Paris |publisher=Association française de recherche sur l'histoire du cinéma |issue=66 |page=120 |issn=0769-0959}}

After serving in World War I, Péguy made a few minor pictures, before signing with Phocea-films in 1921 to make three vehicles for Euro western pioneer Joë Hamman, although only the first, the Italian-shot co-production L'Étrange aventure, appears to have been made. The film is sometimes credited to Hamman himself but is widely acknowledged to have been helmed by Péguy.{{cite book |last1=Fescourt |first1=Henri |date=1959 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371169w/f130.image.r |title=La Foi et les montagnes, ou le 7ème art du passé |location=Paris |publisher=Publications photo-cinéma Paul Montel |page=114}}{{cite magazine |author=L'ouvreuse du Lutetia |date=29 January 1921 |title=Voici du film français |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5379418c/f45.image |magazine=La Cinématographie française |location=Paris |issue=117 |page=45}} In 1924, Péguy travelled to Mauritius, where he oversaw two back-to-back productions, including an adaptation of Paul et Virginie.{{cite news |author= |title=On tourne |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76525136/f2.item | location =Paris | work=Comoedia |page =2 |date=21 June 1924 |access-date=15 October 2024 |language=fr}} He then teamed up with actor Nicolas Koline for two films, the first of which, the lighthearted 600,000 Francs a Month, was a hit. As a result, Péguy became identified as a comedy specialist for some time, a label he did not care for.{{cite magazine |last1=Jeanne |first1=René |date=1 January 1926 |title=L'année cinématographique française |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5384942j/f42.item |magazine=Le Cineopse |location=Paris |issue=89 |page=46 |language=fr}}{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Pierre |date=23 January 1935 | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k794635g/f9.item | title=On tourne 'Monsieur Prosper' au studio Forest |newspaper=L'Intransigeant |location=Paris |page=9 |language=fr}} He was not stranger to melodramas, often with religious themes. Having adapted the Christian novel The Snow on the Footsteps for Henri Étiévant,{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Charles |last2=Hérissay |first2=François |date=1953 |title=Le cinéma au service de la foi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |pages=8, 118}} he directed for faith-based Nice producer Eugène Barbier,{{cite magazine |last1=Pasquié |first1=Edouard |date=4 July 1929 |title=La tentation d'un jeune homme vertueux |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t511744837/f5.image |magazine=Cinémonde |location=Paris |issue=37 |page=5}}{{cite magazine |author= |date=1 August 1929 |title=L'activité cinematographique |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5739051m/f23.image |magazine=Cinea–Ciné pour tous |location=Paris |publisher=Publications François Tedesco |issue=138 (new series) |page=24 |language=fr}} and would periodically return to the genre throughout his career. Mostly, Péguy was known as a fiscally responsible director, which he embraced.{{cite news |author= |date=19 August 1939 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5060106g/f4.item |title=Le cinéma dans la zone : Une audaçieuse entreprise |newspaper=La Croix de Paris/La Croix du Nord |page=4 | language=fr}}{{cite magazine |author= |date=4 May 1929 |title=Échos et nouvelles |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4547807x/f15.item |magazine=La Critique cinématographique |location=Paris |publisher=Marpon & Compagnie |issue=128 |page=15 }}

To learn sound filmmaking, Péguy joined major Pathé-Nathan where he first made storyboards for director Pierre Colombier, starting with 1930's The King of the Gate Crashers, before directing a few films himself. However, he felt underused and left within three years to exert more control over his career. Popular composer Vincent Scotto helped him set up an adaptation of his musical Au pays du soleil (which launched Rellys' film career), and scored several more of his works.{{cite magazine |last1=Ford |first1=Charles |date=October–December 1987 |title=Aspects de la Provence sur les écrans |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9780396n/f25.image |magazine=Sites et monuments |location=Paris |publisher=Société pour la Protection des paysages et de l'esthétique de la France |issue=119 |page=23 |language=fr}} In the mid-1930s, he founded the Films BAP (BAttesti–Péguy) company with Charles Battesti, which kept making the family-friendly product he was known for, although some dismissed it as formulaic and overly sentimental.{{cite magazine |author=G.S. |date=20 January 1938 |title=Cinema |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76364621/f14.image |magazine=Regards |location=Paris |issue=210|page=17 }} Péguy prominently featured children in his works and built up child actress Jacotte Muller—often just called Jacotte—as an in-house star who elicited modest comparisons to Shirley Temple.{{cite magazine |author= |date=24 December 1937 |title=Les présentations |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5604231x/f12.item |magazine=La Revue de l'écran et L'Effort cinématographique réunis |publisher=Association des directeurs de cinémas de Marseille et de la Région |issue=232 |page=10 }} He also returned to stagecraft as a writer, co-penning a comedy called Tyrannie, which was headlined by Émile Drain and debuted at Théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort in 1942.{{cite news |last=Kemp |first=Robert |date=24–25 January 1942 | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k264569z/f3.item | title=Chronique théatrale |newspaper=Le Temps |location=Lyon |page=3 |language=fr}}{{cite news |last=Yorel |first=Paul |date=16 September 1942 | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k662756c/f2.item | title=Deux minutes avec Emile Drain de la Comédie Française |newspaper=L'Ouest-Éclair |location=Rennes |page=2}}

Péguy was a horse betting enthusiast who boasted of considerable earnings from his hobby, and used the milieu as a backdrop for several of his later movies. His first post-World War II project, the equidian crime caper Master Love, was not well distributed, which he blamed on an influx of American films that followed the end of the conflict. Shortly after, he was announced as the director of a new Cagliostro adaptation, the second of a two-picture package from the Films de France company, which would pioneer subtractive color in the country.{{cite magazine |author=L.O. |date=13 April 1946 |title='Les Films de France' vont produire en couleurs 'Ramuntcho' et 'Cagliostro' |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5409157z/f15.item |magazine=La Cinématographie française |location=Paris |issue=1152 |page=13 }} However, the first film was fraught with problems and Cagliostro did not get made. The 63-year old never shot a full-length feature again.{{cite magazine |author=L.O. |date=25 May 1946 |title=Les Films de France préparent deux grandes productions |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t54091611/f12.image |magazine=La Cinématographie française |location=Paris |issue=1158 |page=10 }}

Péguy was kicked out of home after high school, when he chose to follow his artistic aspirations against his parents' wishes. His marriage made him the son-in-law of Émile Cohl, who played a part in his early film career. Péguy's daughter Paule subsequently served as his assistant. According to several sources, including an interview of Péguy himself, he was also a cousin of author Charles Péguy.{{cite magazine |author= |date=1 December 1952 |title=Les surprises du cinéma |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t511748485/f27.image.r |magazine=Cinémonde |location=Paris |publisher=Union de presse cinématographique |page=29}}

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• The Snow on the Footsteps (1923)
• 600,000 Francs a Month (1926)
• Croquette (1927)
• Muche (1927)
• Paris-New York-Paris (1928)
• Kiss Me (1929)
• His Highness Love (1931)
• The Yellow House of Rio (1931)
• Clochard (1932)
• In the Land of the Sun (1934)
• Jacques and Jacotte (1936)
• The Mysterious Lady (1936)
• My Little Marquise (1937)
• Monsieur Breloque Has Disappeared (1938)
• Grandfather (1939)
• Notre-Dame de la Mouise (1941)
• Last Adventure (1942)
• White Wings (1943)
• Shot in the Night (1943)
• Master Love (1946)
• Vive la grève ! (short) (1949)

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{{Reflist}}

• {{IMDb name | id=0701782 | name=Robert Péguy}}

{{Robert Péguy}}

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Category:French film directors

Category:French silent film directors

Category:French male screenwriters

Category:20th-century French screenwriters

Category:1883 births

Category:1968 deaths

Category:Writers from Paris

Category:20th-century French male writers