Rolls-Royce Tyne
{{short description|1950s British turboprop aircraft engine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
| {{Infobox aircraft begin
|name= Tyne |image= File:Engine of a Transall C-160.jpg |caption= Rolls-Royce Tyne installed in a Luftwaffe C-160 }}{{Infobox Aircraft Engine |type= Turboprop |manufacturer= Rolls-Royce Limited |first run= April 1955 |major applications = Breguet Atlantic |number built = |program cost = |unit cost = |developed from = |developed into = |variants with their own articles = }} |
The Rolls-Royce RB.109 Tyne is a twin-shaft turboprop engine developed in the mid to late 1950s by Rolls-Royce Limited to a requirement for the Vickers Vanguard airliner. It was first test flown during 1956 in the nose of a modified Avro Lincoln.{{Harvnb|Jackson|1990|p=414}} Following company naming convention for gas turbine engines this turboprop design was named after the River Tyne.
Design and development
Designed in 1954 by a team under Lionel Haworth and intended as a more powerful alternative to the Dart, the RB.109 Tyne was initially designed for a power of 2,500 shp but when first run in April 1955 the engine far exceeded expectations and was soon being type-tested at 4,220 shp."World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines - 5th edition" by Bill Gunston, Sutton Publishing, 2006, p.197 The Tyne was developed primarily for the four-engined Vickers Vanguard airliner, the prototype first flying on 20 January 1959 equipped with four Tyne Mk.506 of 4,985 e.s.h.p.{{Harvnb|Jackson|1974|p=328}} Production deliveries of the engine were made from mid-1959 onwards to power the 43 Vanguards delivered to British European Airways and Trans-Canada Airlines.
The engine was further developed with greater power and used in the later twin-engined Dassault-Breguet Atlantique long-range reconnaissance aircraft; also in the Canadair CL-44 and Transall C-160 transport aircraft.
A single stage HP turbine drives the nine-stage HP compressor. A three-stage LP turbine drives the six-stage LP compressor and, through a reduction gearbox, the propeller. The combustor is cannular.
The Mark 515 Tyne had a nominal takeoff power output of {{convert|5730|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} equivalent power, flat rated to ISA+16.8C.
An agreement was signed in 1963 between Hispano-Suiza and Rolls-Royce for the licence production of the Tyne for the Breguet Atlantic and Transall C-160.{{cite magazine|magazine=Flight International|title=Tyne Agreement Signed|date=3 January 1963|page=3}} Each company that was part of the agreement built parts for itself and the partners, Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom) 20%, Hispano-Suiza (France) 44%, MAN (Germany) 28% and FN (Belgium) 8%. The final assembly was undertaken by both MAN and Hispano-Suiza. The first production batch was for 80 engines and 40 spares for the Atlantic.
Variants
;RTy.1: Takeoff power of {{cvt|4,500|bhp|lk=on}}; cruise power of {{cvt|2,455|bhp}} at {{cvt|425|mi/h|km/h kn}} and {{cvt|25,000|ft}} altitude, with specific fuel consumption (SFC) of {{cvt|0.405|lb/hph|kg/hph kg/kWh}};{{cite tech report |title=Project Hummingbird: A technical summary and compilation of characteristics and specifications on steep-gradient aircraft |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112008588755?urlappend=%3Bseq=164 |pages=150, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112008588755?urlappend=%3Bseq=171 157] |author=Federal Aviation Agency |author-link=Federal Aviation Agency |publication-date=April 1961 |oclc=841700405 |hdl=2027/uiug.30112008588755}} fitted to Vickers Type 951 Vanguard and Vickers Merchantman
;RTy.11: Takeoff power of {{cvt|5,050|bhp}} with SFC of {{cvt|0.48|lb/hph|kg/hph kg/kWh}}; cruise power of {{cvt|2,845|bhp}} at {{cvt|425|mi/h|km/h kn}} and {{cvt|25,000|ft}} altitude, with SFC of {{cvt|0.388|lb/hph|kg/hph kg/kWh}}; for Vickers Type 952 Vanguard
;RTy.12: {{convert|3442|kW|hp|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} for Canadair CL-44
;RTy.12: Takeoff power of {{cvt|5,305|bhp}} with SFC of {{cvt|0.449|lb/hph|kg/hph kg/kWh}}; for Short Belfast
;RTy.20 Mk 21: {{convert|4226|kW|hp|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} for Breguet 1150 Atlantic and Breguet ATL2 Atlantique
;RTy.20 Mk 22: {{convert|4228|kW|hp|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} for Transall C-160
;RTy.20: {{convert|3624|kW|hp|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} for Aeritalia G.222T
;RTy.20: {{convert|4500|kW|hp|abbr=on|0|disp=flip}} for Transall C-160 and Breguet ATL2 Atlantique
;RTy.22: projected military use engine rated at {{convert|7075|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} equivalent
;RTy.32: projected military use engine rated at {{convert|8400|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} equivalent
;Mk.101: (RTy.12)
;Mk.506:
;Mk.512:
;Mk.515:
;Mk.515-101W
;Mk 801
;Mk 45:
;RM1A:Marinised ship powerplant
;RM1C:Essentially similar to the RM1A
;RM3C:Essentially similar to the RM1A
Applications
=Aircraft=
=Ships=
The marine version, the Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A, RM1C and RM3C remained in service as the cruise gas turbines in Royal Navy Type 21 frigates, Type 42 destroyers and Type 22 frigates until the retirement of the 4 Batch 3 Type 22 frigates (2011) and the last remaining Type 42 Destroyer (2013). They were also used in numerous other European ships such as the Tromp and Kortenaer-class frigates.{{cite book|author=Peter Pugh|title=The Magic of a Name: The Rolls-Royce Story, Part 3: A Family of Engines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtXGBwAAQBAJ|date=2 April 2015|publisher=Icon Books Limited|isbn=978-1-84831-998-1}}
Engines on display
A Rolls-Royce Tyne is on public display at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
- East Midlands Aeropark
- [https://www.rolls-royce.com/about/heritage-trust Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust], Derby
Specifications (Tyne RTy.20 Mk 21)
{{jetspecs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63.{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS.|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63|year=1962|publisher=Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd|location=London}}
|type=Twin-spool turboprop
|length={{convert|108.724|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|diameter={{convert|55.12|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
|weight={{convert|2391|lb|kg|abbr=on|0}}
|compressor=Axial, six-stage LP, nine-stage HP
|combustion=10 cannular flame tubes
|turbine=Three-stage LP, single-stage HP
|fueltype=Avtur
|oilsystem=Pressure spray/splash with dry sump
|power={{convert|6100|hp|kW|abbr=on|0}} equivalent power
|thrust=
|compression=13.5:1
|aircon={{convert|46.5|lb/s|kg/s|abbr=on}}
|turbinetemp={{convert|800|°C|°F|}}
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=0.485 lb/hp·h (0.298 kg/kW·h) for take-off
|power/weight= 2.55 hp/lb (4.194 kW/kg)
|thrust/weight=
}}
See also
{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
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References
=Notes=
{{Reflist}}
=Bibliography=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=A.J. |title=Avro Aircraft since 1908 |year=1990 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |isbn=0-85177-834-8 }}
- {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=A.J. |title=British Civil Aircraft since 1919 - Volume 3 |year=1974 |publisher=Putnam & Company Limited |isbn=0-370-10014-X }}
- {{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |department=Aeronautical Engineering |title=Tyne Designed to Grow to 10,000 Tehp |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1959-11-09/page/n49 |pages=98–99, 102–104 |publication-date=9 November 1959 |given=Robert I. |surname=Stanfield |volume=71 |number=19}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%201363.html "Prop-Jet Economy"] a 1959 Flight advertisement for the Tyne
{{Rolls-Royce aeroengines}}