Roman Catholic Diocese of Aire and Dax

{{Short description|Catholic diocese in France}}

{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}

{{Infobox diocese

| jurisdiction = Diocese

| name = Aire et Dax

| latin = Dioecesis Aturensis et Aquae Augustae

| local = Diocèse d'Aire et Dax

| image = Aire Adour cathédrale.jpg

| image_size = 255px

| image_alt =

| caption = Cathedral of St-Jean-Baptiste, Aire

| country = France

| territory =

| province = Bordeaux

| metropolitan = Archdiocese of Bordeaux

| archdeaconries =

| deaneries =

| subdivisions =

| coordinates =

| area_km2 = 9,364

| area_sqmi =

| area_footnotes =

| population = 407,444

| population_as_of = 2022

| catholics = 272,000

| catholics_percent = 66.8

| parishes =

| churches =

| congregations =

| schools =

| members =

| denomination = Catholic Church

| particular_church = Latin Church

| rite = Roman Rite

| established = Name Changed: 3 June 1857

| cathedral = Cathedral of St-Jean-Baptiste, Aire

| cocathedral = Cathedral of Nôtre Dame in Dax

| patron = Notre-Dame de Buglose

| patron_title =

| priests = 78 (Diocesan)
14 (Religious Orders)
25 (Permanent Deacons)

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}

| patriarch =

| major_archbishop =

| bishop = Nicolas Jean-Marie Souchu

| bishop_title =

| metro_archbishop = Jean-Paul James

| coadjutor =

| suffragans =

| auxiliary_bishops =

| apostolic_admin =

| vicar_general =

| episcopal_vicar =

| archdeacons =

| emeritus_bishops = Herve Gaschignard (2012-2017)

| map =Bistum Aire und Dax.svg

| map_size =

| map_alt =

| map_caption =

| website = [http://landes.catholique.fr/ Website of the Diocese]

| footnotes =

}}

Image:Cathédrale de Dax 3.jpg]]

The Diocese of Aire and Dax (Latin: Dioecesis Adurensis et Aquae Augustae; French: Diocèse d'Aire et Dax) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It comprises the département of Landes, in the région of Gascony in Aquitaine.

It was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Auch under the Ancien Régime, but was not re-established until 1822, when it was again made a suffragan of the re-established Archdiocese of Auch, and was assigned the territory of the former Diocese of Aire and Diocese of Acqs (Dax).{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Diocese of Aire |volume=1 |first=Georges |last=Goyau}} It is now a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bordeaux.

It has been known since 1857 as the Diocese of Aire and Dax.Catholic Hierarchy: see below{{Self-published source|date=March 2017}} It is a co-cathedral diocese, with cathedras in the Cathedral St-Jean-Baptiste d' AireCazauran, Pouillé, pp. 45-49. and in Nôtre Dame de Dax.

On April 6, 2017, the resignation letter of recent Bishop Herve Gaschignard was officially accepted by Pope Francis following allegations that Gaschignard engaged in inappropriate behavior with young people.[https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/06/french-bishop-resigns-amid-accusations-inappropriate-behavior/ French bishop resigns amid accusations of “inappropriate behavior”] Crux Staff, 2017-04-06 [https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145606/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/06/french-bishop-resigns-amid-accusations-inappropriate-behavior/ Archived] on 2017-04-07{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-bishop-fired-over-inappropriate-behavior-with-youth|title = French bishop fired over 'inappropriate' behavior with youth|website = Fox News|date = 6 April 2017}}

History

The first reference to a bishop of Aire, on the river Adour, in history is to Marcellus, represented at the Council of Agde, 506. Aire was also the home of St. Philibert; it numbered among its bishops during the second half of the sixteenth century François de Foix, Count of Candale, an illustrious mathematician, who translated Euclid and founded a chair of mathematics at the University of Bordeaux, though he never visited his diocese.

In 1572, on the death of Bishop Christophe de Candale, the Capitular Vicar of Aire submitted a status report (pouillé) to King Charles IX, providing a picture of the diocese at that time. There were two Archdeacons, that of Marsan and that of Chalosse. In addition to the two archdeacons, the Cathedral Chapter was composed of ten Canons and seven Prebendaries, two semi-Prebendaries, the Master of the Children of the Choir, and the Basse-Contre. The Statutes of the Chapter were confirmed by Bishop Tristan d'Aure in 1459 or 1460.Cazauran, Pouillé, pp. 17-18 and 47.

Religious establishments included:

  • the Abbaye du Mas d'Aire{{cite book|author1=Jean Cabanot|author2=Georges Fabre|author3=Françoise Legrand|title=Aire-sur-l'Adour: l'église et l'abbaye du Mas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LsAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Amis des Églises Anciennes des Landes|location=Mont-de Marsan|language=fr}} (O.S.B.: four religious, a Prior, a Sacristan, a Chamberlain and an Almoner; eleven other positions vacant)
  • the Abbaye de St-Jean de la Castelle (Premonstratensians: six religious priests, a child servant, and a soldier, though there were places for 18-20 religious and four novices)
  • the Abbaye of Saint-Loubouer (Collegiate church: Abbot, eight Canons, Cantor)
  • the Collegiate Church of Pimbo (Abbot, seven Canons and a Cantor)
  • the Abbaye of Pontaut (Cistercians: Abbot, seven religious and a soldier)
  • the Convent of Augustine Religious at Geune.Cazauran, pp. 18-20.
  • the Priory of Mongaillard (O.S.B.)
  • the Commanderie of St-Antoine
  • the Abbaye of Saint-SeverCharles Higounet and Jean-Bernard Marquette, "Les origines de l'abbaye de Saint-Sever: Revision critique," {{cite book|editor=Jean Cabanot|title=Saint-Sever, millénaire de l'abbaye: colloque international, 25, 26 et 27 mai 1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxvqAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Comité d'études sur l'histoire et l'art de la Gascogne|location=Mont-de-Marsan, France |language=fr|pages=27–37|isbn=9782950158406}} {{cite book|author1=Jean Cabanot|author2=Georges Pon|title=Une abbaye au coeur de la Gascogne: Saint-Sever (988-1791)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XV4TogEACAAJ|year=2014|publisher=Comité d'études sur l'histoire et l'art de la Gascogne, CEHAG|location=Dax|language=fr|isbn=978-2-9501584-9-9}} (O.S.B.) (Abbot commendatory: Archbishop of Turin, thirteen religious, a vicar, and a soldier)
  • the Jacobins, or Frères Prêcheurs de Ste-Ursule (six religious)
  • the Priory of Nervis
  • the Collegial Church of Saint-Girons (Abbot and eight Canons)
  • the Commanderie of the Holy Spirit.Cazauran, pp. 20-23.
  • the Priory of Roquefort (O.S.B.)
  • the Commanderie de Bessaut
  • the Commanderie de St-Antoine de Gelonies
  • the Priory of Mont-de-Marsan (O.S.B.)
  • the Priory of Sen a Labrit.Cazauran, pp. 24-29.

Bishops

=To 1000=

  • 506, 533 : MarcellusFor the meager evidence on the first millennium, see: {{cite book|author=Louis Duchesne|title=Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule: II. L'Aquitaine et les Lyonnaises|date=1910|publisher=Fontemoing|location=Paris|url=https://archive.org/details/fastespiscopau02duch|page=[https://archive.org/details/fastespiscopau02duch/page/100 100]}}
  • 585 : Rusticus
  • 614 : Palladius
  • ca. 620–630 : Philibaud
  • ca. 633–675 : Ursus
  • ca. 788 : Asinarius
  • ca. 977 : Gombaud

=1000 to 1300=

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

  • ca. 1017 : Arsius-Racca
  • 1060 : Raymond le Vieux
  • 1060–1092 : Peter I.
  • 1092–1099 : Peter II.
  • 1100–1115 : Wilhelm
  • 1116–1147 : Bonhomme
  • 1148–ca. 1176 : Vital de Saint-Hermes
  • ca. 1176–1179 : Odon d’Arbéchan
  • ? : Bertrand de Marsan
  • ? : Guillaume Bernard
  • 1211 : Vital de Beufmort
  • 1211 : Jourdain
  • ? : Gauthier
  • 1224–1237 : Auger
  • 1237–1266 : Pierre III. et Raymond de Saint-Martin
  • 1266–1295 : Pierre IV. de Betous
  • 1295–1307 : Martin

{{div col end}}

=1300–1500=

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

{{div col end}}

=1500 to 1800=

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

  • 1512–1516 : Antoine du Monastey
  • 1516 – 22 December 1521 : Arnaud-Guillaume d’Aydie
  • 24 April 1523 – 1530 : Charles de Gramont
  • 9 March 1530 – 6 February 1538 : Gabriel de Saluces
  • 1538–1560 : Jacques de Saint-Julien
  • 1560–4 September 1570 : Christophe de Foix-Candale
  • 1576–5 February 1594 : François de Foix-Candale (never consecrated)Cazauran, Pouillé, p. 12. François was the elder brother of Christophe de Foix-Candale, his predecessor. He never visited the diocese, and left temporal affairs in the hands of his Vicars-General, Robert Philippe, François Barbier, and Mathieu de la Tousche. Degert, p. 203. The Chapter of the Cathedral claimed and exercised the spiritualities. The Bishop of Bayonne conducted the ordinations.
  • VacantThe Duc d'Epernon claimed the benefices of his wife's uncle, François de Foix Candale, on behalf of a future son. Henri IV acquiesced, and for a decade the See was vacant. Temporal business was conducted by Epernon's agents, and spiritual business by Vicars-General elected by the Chapter of the Cathedral. Degert, pp. 206–207.
  • 4 December 1606 – 1621 : Philippe CospéanDegert, pp. 206–218.
  • 1621 – 17 January 1625 : Sébastien Bouthilier
  • 1625–1649 : Gilles Boutault
  • 1650–1657 : Charles-François de Bourlemont
  • 1657 – 12 October 1672 - Bernard de Sariac
  • 12 January 1673 – 18 December 1684 : Jean-Louis de Fromentières
  • 1693 – 29 March 1698 : Armand Bazin de Bezons
  • 1698–1706 : Louis-Gaston Fleuriau d’Armenonville
  • 1706 – 30 June 1710 : François-Gaspard de la Mer de Matha
  • 1710–1723 : Joseph-Gaspard de Montmorin de Saint-Hérem
  • 1723–1734 : Gilbert de Montmorin de Saint-Hérem
  • 1735–1757 : François de Sarret de Gaujac
  • 1758–1783 : Playcard (or Playcourt) de RaigecourtRaigecourt was in exile from his diocese during his episcopate (at least from 1764-1767), allegedly because of some offensive remarks made about the Royal Court and the Throne: Cazauran, p. 151. Degert, pp. 304–309. He was consecrated at Meaux, with the assistance of the Bishops of Troyes and Condom.
  • 1783–1801 : Sébastien-Charles-Philibert de Cahuzac de CauxDegert, pp. 310–331. Cahuzac refused to take the oath required by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. He emigrated to Spain. When Pope Pius VII called for the resignations of all of the bishops of France in 1801, thirty-eight refused, including Cahuzac, and were dismissed. Cahuzac retired to Paderborn, and then to England. He returned with the Bourbons in 1814, but still refused to submit his resignation, unless it was guaranteed that the Diocese of Aure would be restored. He died in Paris on 30 October 1817.

{{div col end}}

=From 1800 — Bishops of Aire and Dax=

Image:Rennes - Ecclesia Campus - Monseigneur Hervé Gaschignard - 1.jpg

{{clear}}

See also

References

{{reflist|2}}

Sources

=Reference works=

  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Eubel|editor1-first=Conradus |title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1|date=1913|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Munster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol01eubeuoft}} p. 72. (in Latin)
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Eubel|editor1-first=Conradus |title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2|date=1914|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Munster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol02eubeuoft}} p. 80.
  • {{cite book|editor1-last=Eubel|editor1-first=Conradus |title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3|date=1923|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Munster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol02eubeuoft}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Gauchat|first1=Patritius (Patrice)|title=Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667)|date=1935|publisher=Libraria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol04eubeuoft|access-date=2016-07-06}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730)|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft|access-date=2016-07-06}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799)|date=1958|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol06eubeuoft|access-date=2016-07-06}}

=Studies=

  • {{cite book|last=Cazauran|first=Jean Marie|title=Pouillé du diocèse d'Aire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qltCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1886|publisher=Maisonneuve|location=Paris|language=fr}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Degert|first1=A.|title=Histoire des évêques d'Aire|date=1908|publisher=Beauchesne|location=Paris|url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredesv00dege|access-date=2016-07-06}}
  • {{cite book|author=Louis Duchesne|title=Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule: II. L'Aquitaine et les Lyonnaises|date=1910|publisher=Fontemoing|location=Paris|url=https://archive.org/details/fastespiscopau02duch|page=[https://archive.org/details/fastespiscopau02duch/page/100 100]}}
  • {{cite book|last= Légé|first=Joseph|title=Les diocèses d'Aire et de Dax, ou Le département des Landes sous la révolution française, 1789-1803: récits et documents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_0aAAAAYAAJ|year=1875|publisher=Impr. Aturine|location=Aire-sur-l'Adour|language=fr}}
  • {{cite book|last=Sainte-Marthe|first=Denis de (O.S.B.)|title=Gallia Christiana, In Provincias Ecclesiasticas Distributa; Qua Series Et Historia Archiepiscoporum, Episcoporum, Et Abbatum Franciae Vicinarumque Ditionum ab origine Ecclesiarum ad nostra tempora deducitur, & probatur ex authenticis Instrumentis ad calcem appositis: Tomus Primus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPpgAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tomus primus|year=1715|publisher=Johannes-Baptista Coignard, Regis & Academiae Gallicae Architypographus|location=Paris|language=la|pages=1147–1188}} Instrumenta, pp. 181–185.