Romantic orientation#Panromantic

{{Redirect-several|dab=off|heterosexuality|homosexuality|bisexuality|pansexuality|polysexuality|plurisexuality|allosexuality|monosexuality}}

People may or may not engage in purely emotional romantic relationships. The main identities relating to this are:{{Cite web|url=https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary|title=LGBTQIA Resource Center Glossary {{!}} LGBTQIA Resource Center|website=lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu|date=May 5, 2015|access-date=2019-08-04|archive-date=August 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803144259/https://lgbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |date=2021-07-01 |title=Asexuality, Attraction, and Romantic Orientation |url=https://lgbtq.unc.edu/resources/exploring-identities/asexuality-attraction-and-romantic-orientation/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=LGBTQ Center |language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203043814/https://lgbtq.unc.edu/resources/exploring-identities/asexuality-attraction-and-romantic-orientation/ |url-status=live }}

• Aromantic, meaning someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction (aromanticism).{{cite thesis |last1=Bougie |first1=C. |title=Composing aromanticism |date=May 2021 |doi=10.32469/10355/85832}}{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=5 things you should know about aromantic people |url=https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226060725/https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/5-things-you-should-know-about-aromantic-people |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Stonewall |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=Never Been Interested in Romance? You Could Be Aromantic |url=https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325222124/https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic |archive-date=March 25, 2023 |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=Psych Central |language=en}}{{cite news |author=Josh Salisbury |title=Meet the aromantics: 'I'm not cold – I just don't have any romantic feelings' | Life and style |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407054453/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/oct/11/meet-the-aromantics-not-cold-dont-have-romantic-feelings-sex |archive-date=April 7, 2021 |access-date=2018-04-15 |newspaper=The Guardian}}{{cite journal |last1=Przybylo |first1=Ela |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |date=2020 |title=Editorial Introduction: The Erotics of Asexualities and Nonsexualities: Intersectional Approaches |journal=Feminist Formations |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=vii–xxi |doi=10.1353/ff.2020.0034 |s2cid=235009367 |id={{Project MUSE|777127}}}}{{cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=GLAAD - A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic |url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211810/https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023}}
• For identities within the aromantic spectrum, see Aromantic spectrum.
• Alloromantic or zedromantic:{{Cite journal |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/98/1/104/360022/Among-the-New-Words |access-date=2024-04-17 |journal=American Speech |doi=10.1215/00031283-10579494 |title=Among the New Words |date=2023 |last1=Zimmer |first1=Benjamin |last2=Wright |first2=Kelly E. |last3=Hughes |first3=Brianne |last4=Zhang |first4=Lynn |last5=McLean |first5=Jaidan |last6=Carson |first6=Charles E. |volume=98 |pages=104–119 }} Not aromantic (alloromanticism or zedromanticism).{{Cite book |last=Barron |first=Victoria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BDSdEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22omniromantic%22&pg=PT4 |title=Perfectly Queer: An Illustrated Introduction |date=2023-02-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-409-0 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Tessler |first1=Hannah |title=Aromanticism, asexuality, and relationship (non-)formation: How a-spec singles challenge romantic norms and reimagine family life |journal=Sexualities |date=23 August 2023 |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=514–535 |doi=10.1177/13634607231197061 }}{{Cite book |last1=Niemira |first1=Jan C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcqPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22alloromantic%22&pg=PA133 |title=Sex, Sexuality, and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors |last2=Jacobson |first2=Gary J. |last3=Violeta |first3=Karalyn J. |date=2019-09-19 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-78592-618-1 |language=en}}
• Monoromantic: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of only one gender (monoromanticism).{{Cite journal |last=Sharmat |first=Madeline |date=2023-06-08 |title=All Bi Myself: The Relationship Between Bisexuality and Self-Essentialism |url=https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/474 |journal=College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations}}{{cite journal |last1=Matheson |first1=Lauren P. |last2=Blair |first2=Karen L. |title=From continua to kaleidoscopes: How plurisexuality challenges traditional conceptualizations of sexual orientation |journal=The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality |date=September 2023 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.3138/cjhs.2023-0022 }}{{Cite book |last=Dyer |first=Harriet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVmuEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22skolioromantic%22&pg=PT6 |title=From Ace to Ze: The Little Book of LGBT Terms |date=2018-05-10 |publisher=Summersdale |isbn=978-1-78685-696-8 |language=en}}
• Androromantic: Romantic attraction towards men or masculinity (androromanticism).{{cite journal |last1=Steelman |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Hertlein |first2=Katherine M. |title=Underexplored Identities: Attending to Asexuality in Therapeutic Contexts |journal=Journal of Family Psychotherapy |date=2 April 2016 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08975353.2016.1169014 }}{{Cite journal |last=Thurer |first=Shari |date=2023 |title=Beyond the Binary : Essays on Gender |url=https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5624597 |journal=Phoenix Publishing House |language=en |pages=1–124}}
• Gyneromantic or gynoromantic: Romantic attraction towards women or femininity (gyneromanticism or gynoromanticism).{{cite thesis |last1=Woodruff |first1=Elisa |title=Wellness in asexual-Identified individuals: The Impact of Social Support and Microaggressions |date=2019 |url=https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/allgraduate-thesesdissertations/7789/ }}{{Cite book |last1=Zamani-Gallaher |first1=Eboni M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L9CwDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22gynoromantic%22&pg=PT123 |title=Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts: Identity, Policies, and Campus Climate |last2=Choudhuri |first2=Devika Dibya |last3=Taylor |first3=Jason L. |date=2019-09-20 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-82426-5 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Zosky |first1=Diane L. |last2=Alberts |first2=Robert |title=What's in a name? Exploring use of the word queer as a term of identification within the college-aged LGBT community |journal=Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment |date=16 November 2016 |volume=26 |issue=7–8 |pages=597–607 |doi=10.1080/10911359.2016.1238803 }}
• {{Visible anchor|Heteroromantic|Heteroromanticism|Heteromantic|Heteromanticism|text=Heteroromantic}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the opposite gender (heteroromanticism).{{cite journal |last1=Steelman |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Hertlein |first2=Katherine M. |title=Underexplored Identities: Attending to Asexuality in Therapeutic Contexts |journal=Journal of Family Psychotherapy |date=2 April 2016 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1080/08975353.2016.1169014 }}
• {{Visible anchor|Homoromantic|Homoromanticism|text=Homoromantic}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of the same gender (homoromanticism).
• {{Anchor|Multiromantic|Pluriromantic}}Multiromantic or pluriromantic: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of multiple genders (multiromanticism or pluriromanticism).{{cite thesis |last1=Gatewood |first1=Hunter |date=2023 |title=Differentiating Sexual Orientation and Romantic Orientation: Exploring Two Inventories of Sexual and Romantic Attraction |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/f4e961c22ffc82729b76400866486ce1/1 }}{{cite journal |last1=Rucco |first1=Daniele |last2=Toffoli |first2=Greta |last3=Anzani |first3=Annalisa |last4=Prunas |first4=Antonio |title=A Networked Model of Ecological Systems Theory to Discuss Concerns in Italian Bisexual+ and Transgender People After the Block of the 'Zan Bill' by Senate |journal=Sexuality Research and Social Policy |date=March 2024 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=313–338 |doi=10.1007/s13178-023-00906-z }}{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Yang Bo |last2=Mishra |first2=Shraddha |last3=Liang |first3=Emily |last4=Wekerle |first4=Christine |title=Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health, and Resilience in 2SLGBTQIA + Persons: a Scoping Review |journal=Adversity and Resilience Science |date=September 2023 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=211–233 |doi=10.1007/s42844-023-00095-z }}
• {{Visible anchor|Biromantic|Biromanticism|text=Biromantic}} or ambiromantic: Romantic attraction towards two genders, or person(s) of the same and other genders (biromanticism or ambiromanticism).{{cite book |last1=Decker |first1=Julie Sondra |title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality |date=2015 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-5107-0064-2 }}{{pn|date=April 2024}}{{cite thesis |last1=Ghosh Lisbin |first1=Maya Katyajini |title=A-Spec: Conceptualizing Asexual Identity, Experience, and Phenomenological Form |date=2023 |doi=10.48617/etd.1077 }} Sometimes used the same way as panromantic or multiromantic.{{Cite web |title=What Does Biromantic Mean? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=WebMD |language=en |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203193041/https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-does-biromantic-mean |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Hayfield |first1=Nikki |last2=Křížová |first2=Karolína |title=It's Like Bisexuality, but It Isn't: Pansexual and Panromantic People's Understandings of Their Identities and Experiences of Becoming Educated about Gender and Sexuality |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |date=3 April 2021 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=167–193 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2021.1911015 |doi-access=free }}
• {{Visible anchor|Panromantic|Panromanticism|text=Panromantic}} or omniromantic: Romantic attraction towards person(s) regardless of gender or of any, every, and all genders (panromanticism or omniromanticism).{{cite journal |last1=Hille |first1=Jessica J. |last2=Simmons |first2=Megan K. |last3=Sanders |first3=Stephanie A. |title='Sex' and the Ace Spectrum: Definitions of Sex, Behavioral Histories, and Future Interest for Individuals Who Identify as Asexual, Graysexual, or Demisexual |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |date=September 2020 |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=813–823 |doi=10.1080/00224499.2019.1689378 |pmid=31799860 |s2cid=208623207 }}{{Cite web |title=Panromantic Asexuality: What Is It? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-panromantic-asexuality |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=WebMD |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201235737/https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-panromantic-asexuality |url-status=live }}
• {{Vanchor|Polyromantic|text=Polyromantic|Polyromanticism}}: Romantic attraction towards person(s) of various, but not all, genders (polyromanticism).{{cite journal |last1=Carrigan |first1=Mark |last2=Gupta |first2=Kristina |last3=Morrison |first3=Todd G. |title=Asexuality special theme issue editorial |journal=Psychology and Sexuality |date=May 2013 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=111–120 |doi=10.1080/19419899.2013.774160 }}
• {{Anchor|Ceteroromantic|Skolioromantic}} Skolioromantic or ceteroromantic: Romantic attraction towards genderqueer or non-binary person(s) (skolioromanticism or ceteroromanticism).{{cite thesis |last1=Chessin |first1=Krista Ellise |title=The sexual and romantic orientation scale: a measure of sexual and romantic orientation as separate dimensions |date=2019 |hdl=10211.3/213654 }}
• Abroromantic: Fluid between romantic identities or in romantic attraction (abroromanticism).{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=The experiences of UK LGBT+ communities during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356109851 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=National Centre for Social Research |language=en}}{{Cite thesis |title=Exploring the Experiences of South Asian Students in Undergraduate Programmes: A Case Study in a New Zealand University |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10292/13228 |publisher=Auckland University of Technology |date=2020 |language=en |first=Ali |last=Rasheed|hdl=10292/13228 }} Not to be confused with aroflux.{{Cite book |last=Rendle |first=Samantha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv6oEAAAQBAJ&dq=aroflux+aromantic&pg=PP1 |title=Hopeless Aromantic: An Affirmative Guide to Aromanticism |date=2023-07-21 |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |isbn=978-1-83997-368-0 |language=en}}
• Pomoromantic: Rejecting preexisting romantic labels (pomoromanticism).

{{Main|Split attraction model}}

{{see also|Romantic attraction|Sexual orientation|Sexual attraction}}

The implications of the distinction between romantic and sexual orientations have not been fully recognized, nor have they been studied extensively.{{cite book |last1=Bogaert |first1=Anthony F. |title=Understanding Asexuality |date=2012 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=978-1-4422-0101-9 |page=14 }} It is common for sources to describe sexual orientation as including components of both sexual and romantic (or romantic equivalent) attractions. Publications investigating the relationship between sexual orientation and romantic orientation are limited. Challenges in collecting information result from survey participants having difficulty identifying or distinguishing between sexual and romantic attractions.{{Cite journal|last1=Savin-Williams|first1=Ritch C.|last2=Vrangalova|first2=Zhana|date=2013|title=Mostly heterosexual as a distinct sexual orientation group: A systematic review of the empirical evidence|journal=Developmental Review|volume=33|issue=1|pages=58–88|doi=10.1016/j.dr.2013.01.001 }}{{Cite journal|last1=Priebe|first1=Gisela|last2=Svedin|first2=Carl Göran|date=2013|title=Operationalization of Three Dimensions of Sexual Orientation in a National Survey of Late Adolescents|journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume=50|issue=8|pages=727–738|doi=10.1080/00224499.2012.713147 |pmid=23136981|s2cid=27288714}} Asexual individuals experience little to no sexual attraction (see gray asexuality); however, they may still experience romantic attraction.{{cite book|vauthors=Helm KM|title=Hooking Up: The Psychology of Sex and Dating|isbn=978-1610699518|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|page=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3K9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32}}{{cite book|vauthors=Fischer NL, Seidman S|title=Introducing the New Sexuality Studies|isbn=978-1317449188|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|page=183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SEmTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|access-date=November 27, 2019|archive-date=July 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706223114/https://books.google.com/books?id=SEmTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|url-status=live}} Lisa M. Diamond states that a person's romantic orientation can differ from whom the person is sexually attracted to.{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Lisa M. |title=What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire |journal=Psychological Review |date=January 2003 |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=173–192 |doi=10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.173 |pmid=12529061 }} While there is limited research on the discordance between sexual attraction and romantic attraction in individuals, the possibility of fluidity and diversity in attractions have been progressively recognized.{{cite journal |last1=Lund |first1=Emily M. |last2=Thomas |first2=Katie B. |last3=Sias |first3=Christina M. |last4=Bradley |first4=April R. |title=Examining Concordant and Discordant Sexual and Romantic Attraction in American Adults: Implications for Counselors |journal=Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling |date=October 2016 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=211–226 |doi=10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840 }}{{cite journal |last1=Weinrich |first1=James D. |last2=Klein |first2=Fritz |last3=McCutchan |first3=J. Allen |last4=Grant |first4=Igor |title=Cluster Analysis of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples: When Bisexuality Is Not Bisexuality |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |date=3 July 2014 |volume=14 |issue=3–4 |pages=349–372 |doi=10.1080/15299716.2014.938398 |pmc=4267693 |pmid=25530727}} Researchers Bulmer and Izuma found that people who identify as aromantic often have more negative attitudes in relation to romance. While roughly 1% of the population identifies as asexual, 74% of those people reported having some form of romantic attraction.{{cite journal |last1=Antonsen |first1=Amy N. |last2=Zdaniuk |first2=Bozena |last3=Yule |first3=Morag |last4=Brotto |first4=Lori A. |title=Ace and Aro: Understanding Differences in Romantic Attractions Among Persons Identifying as Asexual |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |date=July 2020 |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1615–1630 |doi=10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1 |pmid=32095971 }}

A concept commonly used by people that experience discordant romantic and sexual attraction is the split attraction model, which tries to explain that romantic and sexual attractions are not exclusively tied together and is often used by people of the asexual and aromantic community to explain their differing romantic versus sexual orientations. The abbreviation aroace (or aro-ace) can be used for someone who is both aromantic ('aro') and asexual ('ace').{{cite web |title=aro-ace |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/aro-ace |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=11 September 2024}}

• Bromance
• Cross-sex friendship
• Emotional affair
• Heterosociality
• Homosociality
• Queerplatonic relationship
• Romantic friendship
• Womance

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=King |first1=Laura |title=The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative View |date=2010 |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |isbn=978-0-07-353206-6 }}
• {{cite book|title=Sex and Society|volume=1|isbn=978-0-7614-7905-5|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Reference|year=2009|editor=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|contribution=Asexuality|pages=82–83|contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC|access-date=2020-04-24}}
• {{Cite journal | author = Wells, J. W. | year = 1989 | title = Teaching about Gay and Lesbian Sexual and Affectional Orientation Using Explicit Films to Reduce Homophobia | journal = Journal of Humanistic Education and Development | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 18–34 | doi = 10.1002/j.2164-4683.1989.tb00179.x }}

{{Sexual identities}}

Category:Sexual orientation

Category:Aromanticism

Category:Asexuality

Category:LGBTQ