Rosalind Russell

Catherine Rosalind Russell was one of seven children born in Waterbury, Connecticut, to James Edward, a lawyer,1910 United States Federal Census and Clara A. Russell (née McKnight),[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/russell.htm Rosalind Russell genealogy site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202105504/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/celeb/russell.htm |date=December 2, 2007 }}; accessed April 9, 2014. a teacher. The Russells were an Irish-American, Catholic family.{{cite book|last=Cozad|first=W. Lee|title=More Magnificent Mountain Movies: The Silverscreen Years, 1940–2004|year=2006|isbn=0-9723372-2-9|page=145|publisher=Sunstroke Media }} She was named after a ship on which her parents had traveled. Russell attended Catholic schools, including the women's-only Rosemont College in Rosemont, Pennsylvania and Marymount College in Tarrytown, New York. She then attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Her parents thought Russell was studying to become a teacher and were unaware that she was planning to become an actress."Show Girls Get Training in Colleges", Pittsburgh Press, December 3, 1930, p. 24 Upon graduation from the performing arts school, Russell acted in summer stock and joined a repertory company in Boston.

Russell began her career as a fashion model and was in many Broadway shows. Against parental objections, she took a job with a stock company for seven months at Saranac Lake, New York, and then Hartford, Connecticut. Afterwards, she moved to Boston, where she acted for a year with a theater group run by Edward E. Clive. Later, she appeared in a revue in New York (The Garrick Gaieties). There, she took voice lessons and had a brief career in opera, which was cut short because she had difficulty reaching high notes.

In the early 1930s, Russell went to Los Angeles, where she was hired as a contract player for Universal Studios. When she first arrived on the lot, she was ignored by most of the crew and later told the press she felt terrible and humiliated at Universal, which affected her self-confidence."Take the Stand, Rosalind Russell" by Ed Sullivan, Pittsburgh Press, July 14, 1939, p. 27 Unhappy with Universal's leadership, and second-class studio status at the time, Russell set her sights on Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and was able to get out of her Universal contract on her own terms. When MGM first approached her for a screen test, Russell was wary, remembering her experience at Universal. However, when she met MGM's Benny Thau and Ben Piazza, she was surprised; they were "the soul of understanding". Her screen test was directed by Harold S. Bucquet, and she later recalled that she was hired because of a closeup he took of her.

File:RozRussell&NormaShearer.jpg (1939) with Norma Shearer ]]

File:Lionel Barrymore 61st birthday 1939.jpg, Robert Montgomery, Clark Gable, Louis B. Mayer, William Powell, Robert Taylor, seated: Norma Shearer, Lionel Barrymore, and Rosalind Russell]]

Under contract to MGM, Russell debuted in Evelyn Prentice (1934). Although the role was small, she received good notices, with one critic saying that she was "convincing as the woman scorned"."William Powell, Myrna Loy Score on Capitol Screen", The Salt Lake Tribune, November 19, 1934, p. 12 She starred in many comedies such as Forsaking All Others (1934) and Four's a Crowd (1938), as well as dramas, including Craig's Wife (1936) (the second of three film adaptations of the play of the same name; Joan Crawford starred in the third) and The Citadel (1938). Russell was acclaimed when she co-starred with Robert Young in the MGM drama West Point of the Air (1935). One critic wrote: "Rosalind Russell as the 'other woman' in the story gives an intelligent and deft handling to her scenes with Young.""Amusements", The Daily Times: Rochester and Beaver, August 11, 1935, p. 9 She quickly rose to fame, and by 1935, was seen as a replacement for actress Myrna Loy, as she took many roles for which Loy was initially set."For Your Amusement" by Miriam Bell, The Miami News, October 30, 1935, p. 11

In her first years in Hollywood, Russell was characterized, both in her personal life and film career, as a sophisticated "lady". This dissatisfied Russell, who said in a 1936 interview:

Being typed as a lady is the greatest misfortune possible to a motion picture actress. It limits your characterizations, confines you to play feminine sops and menaces and the public never highly approves of either. An impeccably dressed lady is always viewed with suspicion in real life and when you strut onto the screen with beautiful clothes and charming manners, the most naive of theatergoers senses immediately that you are in a position to do the hero no good. I earnestly want to get away from this. First, because I want to improve my career and professional life and, secondly because I am tired of being a clothes horse – a sort of hothouse orchid in a stand of wild flowers."Rosalind Russell Yearns To Be Socked on Her Chin", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 3, 1936, p. 16

Russell approached director Frank Lloyd for help changing her image, but instead, Lloyd cast her as a wealthy aristocrat in Under Two Flags (1936). She was then cast as catty gossip Sylvia Fowler in the comedy The Women (1939), directed by George Cukor. The film was a major hit, boosting Russell's career and establishing her reputation as a comedienne.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

File:hgf3.jpg and Ralph Bellamy in His Girl Friday (1940)]]

Russell continued to display her talent for comedy in the classic screwball comedy His Girl Friday (1940), directed by Howard Hawks. In the film, a reworking of Ben Hecht's story The Front Page, Russell plays quick-witted ace reporter Hildy Johnson, who was also the ex-wife of her newspaper editor Walter Burns (Cary Grant). Russell had been, as she put it, "Everyone's fifteenth choice" for the role of Hildy in the film. Before her being cast, Howard Hawks had asked Katharine Hepburn, Irene Dunne, Claudette Colbert, Jean Arthur, Margaret Sullavan, and Ginger Rogers if they would like to play the brash, fast-talking reporter in his film. All of them refused.{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/206/his-girl-friday#articles-reviews|title=His Girl Friday (1940)|website=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=January 11, 2014|archive-date=June 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610001808/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/206/His-Girl-Friday/articles.html|url-status=live}} Russell found out about this while riding on a train to New York, when she read an article in The New York Times stating that she had been cast in the film and listing all the actresses who had turned down the part.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

{{-}}

In the early 1940s, Russell starred in the rom-coms The Feminine Touch (1941) and Take a Letter, Darling (1942). In Alexander Hall's comedy film My Sister Eileen (1942), she played older sister Ruth Sherwood. She received her first Academy Award nomination for My Sister Eileen.{{Cite web |title=Rosalind Russell - Awards |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0751426/awards/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}} She then starred in Sister Kenny (1946), portraying real-life Sister Elizabeth Kenny, an Australian bush nurse who fought to help polio victims. She won her first Golden Globe and received her second Academy Award nomination. In Mourning Becomes Electra (1947), she plays a young New Englander who exacts vengeance after the murder of her father. She won her second Golden Globe and got her third Academy Award nomination; she was highly favored to win, to the point that Russell actually began to rise from her seat just before the winner's name was called. However, it was Loretta Young, and not Russell, who was named Best Actress, for her performance in The Farmer's Daughter.{{Cite web |title=The Farmer's Daughter |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/345406/the-farmers-daughter#overview |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Turner Classic Movies |language=en}} She followed up with the murder mystery The Velvet Touch (1948).

File:Rosalind-Russell-TIME-1953.jpg, on the cover of Time (March 30, 1953)]]

Russell scored a big hit on Broadway with her Tony Award-winning performance in the musical Wonderful Town (1953), a musical version of her successful film of a decade earlier, My Sister Eileen. Russell reprised her starring role for a 1958 television special.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

File:RozRussellAuntieMame.jpg in the original Broadway production of Auntie Mame (1957)]]

Perhaps her most memorable performance was in the title role of the long-running stage comedy Auntie Mame (based on a Patrick Dennis novel) as well as the 1958 film version, in which she played an eccentric aunt whose orphaned nephew comes to live with her. When asked with which role she was most closely identified, she replied that strangers who spotted her still called out, "Hey, Auntie Mame!". For the film version, she won the Laurel Award for Top Female Comedy Performance and her third Golden Globe, and received her first BAFTA nomination and fourth Academy Award nomination. For the stage version, she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. Patrick Dennis dedicated his second Auntie Mame novel, Around the World with Auntie Mame, to "the one and only Rosalind Russell" in 1958.{{cite web|last1=Passafiume|first1=Andrea|title=Pop Culture 101: Auntie Mame|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/615715|website=Turner Classic Movies|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=May 28, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031051/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/615715%7C0/Pop-Culture-101-Auntie-Mame.html|url-status=live}}

She continued to appear in movies through the mid-1960s, including Picnic (1955), A Majority of One (1961), Five Finger Exercise (1962), Gypsy (1962; winning her fifth Golden Globe), The Trouble with Angels (1966), and its sequel Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows (1968). Russell was the logical choice for reprising her role as Auntie Mame when the musical version Mame was set for a production on Broadway in 1966, but she declined for health reasons.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In addition to her acting career, Russell (under the name C.A. McKnight) also wrote the story for the film The Unguarded Moment (1956), a story of sexual harassment starring Esther Williams.{{cite web|last1=Stafford|first1=Jeff|title=The Unguarded Moment|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/382074|website=Turner Classic Movies|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=May 28, 2017|archive-date=March 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021801/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/382966%7C382074/The-Unguarded-Moment.html|url-status=live}} Russell used the pen name C.A. McKnight again in 1971, when she was credited as screenwriter for adapting the novel The Unexpected Mrs. Pollifax into the screenplay for Mrs. Pollifax-Spy, in which she also starred.{{cite web|url=http://allmovie.com/work/mrs-pollifax-spy-103120|title=Mrs. Pollifax – Spy (1971) – Leslie Martinson – Synopsis, Characteristics, Moods, Themes and Related|publisher=Allmovie}} It was Russell's last big screen role.

In 1972, Russell received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/}} She also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Russell is honored at the Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis. Her portrait and a description of her work hang in the lobby, as Congress made a grant in 1979 to establish the research center, in honor of her Congressional appointment to the National Commission on Arthritis.{{cite web|title= Hometowns to Hollywood|date=July 2019|publisher=Hometowns to Hollywood|url= https://hometownstohollywood.com/connecticut/rosalind-russell/}}

On October 25, 1941, Russell married Danish-American producer Frederick Brisson (1912–1984), son of actor Carl Brisson.{{cite magazine|date=November 10, 1941|title=People|magazine=Life|page=51|issn=0024-3019}} Cary Grant was responsible for the couple having met and was the best man at Frederick and Rosalind's wedding. Brisson had been traveling from England to the United States by ship in 1939, and The Women was playing on an endless loop during the voyage. After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film. He became so enamored with Russell's performance as Sylvia Fowler that he turned to his friends and proclaimed: "I'm either gonna kill that girl, or I'm gonna marry her."{{cite book|title=Life Is a Banquet|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeisbanquet00russ|url-access=registration|last=Russell|first=Rosalind|author2=Chase, Chris |year=1977|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=978-0-394-42134-6|oclc=3017310}}

Brisson stayed with Cary Grant in his guest house while Grant was filming His Girl Friday. Upon hearing that Grant was making the movie with Russell, Brisson asked his friend if he could meet her. Cary Grant then spent weeks greeting Russell each morning on set with the question "Have you met Freddie Brisson?" in an effort to pique the actress's curiosity. One night, when Russell opened her door to let Grant in before they went dancing, as they often did, she found him standing next to a stranger. Grant sheepishly explained that the odd fellow was Freddie Brisson, the man whom he had mentioned so often, and they set off for dinner, with Freddie in tow.

Russell and Brisson were married for 35 years, until her death. They had one child in 1943, a son, Carl Lance Brisson.{{cite book|last1=Sarvady|first1=Andrea|last2=Miller|first2=Frank|title=Leading Ladies: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era|year=2006|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=0-8118-5248-2|page=169}}

Russell was a registered Republican who supported Richard Nixon's 1960 presidential campaign.{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txM4Y1NO3u8C&dq=rosalind+russell+republican&pg=PA355|title=Freedom of Communications: The joint appearances of Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard M. Nixon and other 1960 campaign presentations|first=United States Congress Senate Committee on|last=Commerce|date=July 5, 1961|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|via=Google Books}}

Russell was a devout Catholic and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.{{cite web|url=http://www.goodshepherdbh.org/a-city-on-a-hill/our-history/|title=Our History |website=Church of the Good Shepherd}}

File:Betty Ford and Rosalind Russell (1976-05-11)(1).jpg (herself a breast cancer survivor) at the White House on May 11, 1976]]

File:Rosalind Russell Grave.JPG

Russell died of breast cancer on November 28, 1976. She was survived by her husband and her son. She is buried in Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.{{cite book|last=Dick|first=Bernard F. |title=Forever Mame: The Life of Rosalind Russell|year=2006|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn=1-57806-890-8|page=256}}

Russell has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the 1700 block of Vine Street.{{Cite web|url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/rosalind-russell/|title=Rosalind Russell|website=Los Angeles Times}}

Her autobiography Life Is a Banquet, written with Chris Chase, was published a year after her death. The foreword (written by her husband) states that Russell had a mental breakdown in 1943. She did not act in films in 1944. Details are scant, but the book indicates that health problems and the deaths of a sister and a brother were major factors leading to her breakdown.{{cite book |title=Life Is a Banquet

|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeisbanquet00russ

|url-access=registration

|last=Russell |first=Rosalind |author2=Chase, Chris |year=1977 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=978-0-394-42134-6 |oclc=3017310 }} Russell had rheumatoid arthritis, and an arthritis research center at the University of California, San Francisco bears her name.{{Cite web|url=https://rheumatology.ucsf.edu/russellengleman-research-center|title=Russell/Engleman Research Center|website=UCSF}}

In 2009, the documentary film Life Is a Banquet: The Life of Rosalind Russell, narrated by Kathleen Turner, was shown at film festivals across the U.S. and on some PBS stations.

{{-}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons}}

{{Wikiquote}}

• {{IBDB name}}
• {{IMDb name|751426}}
• {{TCMDb name}}
• {{Playbill person}}
• [http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/1386 Forever Mame: The Life of Rosalind Russell by Bernard F. Dick]
• [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=591 Photographs and bibliography]
• [http://archives.nypl.org/the/21601 Frederick Brisson papers, 1934–1984 (includes Rosalind Russell papers)], held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

{{Navboxes

| title = Awards for Rosalind Russell

| list =

{{Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame}}

{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureDrama 1943-1960}}

{{GoldenGlobeBestActressMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1961-1980}}

{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}

{{Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award}}

{{ScreenActorsGuildAward LifeAchievement 1960–1979}}

{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress 1948–1975}}

}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Film|Television|Theatre}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russell, Rosalind}}

Category:1907 births

Category:1976 deaths

Category:20th-century American actresses

Category:20th-century Roman Catholics

Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni

Category:American female models

Category:American film actresses

Category:American musical theatre actresses

Category:American people of Irish descent

Category:American women comedians

Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners

Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners

Category:Columbia Pictures contract players

Category:Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City

Category:Deaths from breast cancer in California

Category:Donaldson Award winners

Category:Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award winners

Category:Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award

Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players

Category:Writers from Waterbury, Connecticut

Category:Tony Award winners

Category:20th-century American singers

Category:20th-century American women singers

Category:Catholics from Connecticut

Category:20th-century American comedians

Category:Actresses from Waterbury, Connecticut

Category:Connecticut Republicans

Category:California Republicans

Category:Comedians from Connecticut