Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)

{{Infobox film

| name = Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead

| image = RosencrantzGuildensternAreDead.png

| alt =

| caption = DVD cover

| director = Tom Stoppard

| producer = {{plainlist|

Emanuel Azenberg
Michael Brandman}}

| screenplay = Tom Stoppard

| based_on = Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
by Tom Stoppard
Hamlet
by William Shakespeare

| starring = {{plainlist|

| music = Stanley Myers

| cinematography = Peter Biziou

| editing = Nicolas Gaster

| studio = {{plainlist|

Brandenberg
WNET Channel 13 New York}}

| distributor = {{plainlist|

Cinecom Pictures {{small|(US)}}
Hobo Film Enterprises {{small|(UK)}}}}

| released = {{Film date|df=y|1990|09|05|Venice|1990|09|12|Toronto|1991|02|08|United States|1991|05|24|United Kingdom}}

| runtime = 117 minutes{{cite web|title=Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (PG)|url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF062998/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419194706/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/AFF062998/|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2013|work=British Board of Film Classification|date=1991-01-07|access-date=2012-09-11}}

| country = {{plainlist|

United Kingdom
United States}}

| language = English

| budget = £2.43 million{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-back-to-the-future-the-fall-and-rise-of-the-british-film-industry-in-the-1980s.pdf|page=28|title=Back to the Future: The Fall and Rise of the British Film Industry in the 1980s – An Information Briefing|publisher=British Film Institute|date=2005}}

| gross = $739,104 {{Small|{{No wrap|(North America)}}}}{{mojo title|rosencrantzandguildensternaredead|Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead}}
£65,957 (UK)

}}

Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead is a 1990 period black comedy film written and directed by Tom Stoppard based on his 1966 play. Like the play, the film depicts two minor characters from William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who find themselves on the road to Elsinore Castle at the behest of the King of Denmark.

They encounter a band of players before arriving to find that they are needed to try to discern what troubles the prince Hamlet. Meanwhile, they ponder the meaning of their existence.

Filmed around Zagreb, Croatia, and in Brežice Castle, Slovenia,{{cite web |title=Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/59031 |website=AFI Catalog |access-date=15 July 2022 |language=en}} the movie won the Golden Lion at the 47th Venice International Film Festival.

The film stars Gary Oldman as Rosencrantz and Tim Roth as Guildenstern,{{Cite web |title=BBC Two - Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b008s1d3 |access-date= |website=BBC |language=en-GB}} although a running theme throughout has many characters, themselves included, uncertain as to which is which. It also features Richard Dreyfuss as the leading player, Iain Glen as Hamlet, Ian Richardson as Polonius, Joanna Miles as Gertrude, and Donald Sumpter as King Claudius. This was Stoppard's first and, to date, only film as a director.

Plot

The film, like the play, focuses on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and their actions (or lack thereof) within the play of Hamlet. The film begins as they travel on horseback to Elsinore, contemplating fate, memory and language. Rosencrantz finds and continually flips a coin which always comes up heads, causing Guildenstern to conclude that something is wrong with reality.

They meet a travelling troupe of tragedians on the way, and during their conversation with the lead Player, they are mysteriously transported into the action of Hamlet at Elsinore. They wander around the castle, trying to catch up to the action and understand what is going on by listening to other parts of the play. They are asked by the Danish royal couple to stay awhile in order to help find out the cause of, and hopefully the cure for, Prince Hamlet's gloomy state. They spend their time outside the scenes in Hamlet trying to figure out what is wrong with the prince and what is required of them.

The remainder of the play follows the Shakespearean drama whenever the two characters are "on stage", while the title heroes remain largely occupied with the futile hazards of daily life whenever the "main action" is elsewhere. Soon the very same theatre troupe arrives to perform at court, as part of the Bard's tragedy.

The Player simultaneously castigates them for abandoning their real play on the road, which cannot exist without an audience, and explains some of the plot and logic of conventional rules of plot-staging and -writing.

Ultimately, they are sent to England and outside the action of the play again. The final part takes place on the ship to England, where they read the letter they are to deliver with Hamlet – discovering that it is an order for his death. They decide to pretend they never saw it. Hamlet replaces the letter, and (as described in Shakespeare's play) escapes on an attacking pirate ship.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern worry about what they are to do now that Hamlet is gone, unaware that Hamlet has altered the letter so that it calls for their deaths rather than his own. The Player finishes the action by reading the letter that sentences them to death. Guildenstern, still trying to struggle against destiny, stabs The Player with the other man's dagger, only to find that the weapon is a theatrical prop.

Scenes of the deaths of Ophelia, Laertes, Gertrude, Claudius and Hamlet are shown, and both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, finally accepting their fate, are hanged. The film ends with the tragedians packing up their cart and continuing on their way.

Cast

{{Castlist|

}}

Daniel Day-Lewis was to be cast as Guildenstern, but abruptly halted his acting career due to stress. He was replaced by Roth, who had also been in contention for the role.{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/classichollywood/la-ca-mn-classic-hollywood-tom-stoppard-20160117-story.html|title=Playwright Tom Stoppard recalls first and last film he directed, his own 'Rosencrantz & Guildenstern'|last=King|first=Susan|date=16 January 2016|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=22 July 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=driYdJ95HHs&t=10m53s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/driYdJ95HHs |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Tim Roth Breaks Down His Most Iconic Characters|date=8 March 2019|website=GQ|access-date=22 July 2020}}{{cbignore}}

Reception

Critical reaction for the film tended towards the positive, with an overall rating of 61% on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 31 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead struggles in its journey from stage to screen, but a well-chosen trio of veteran talents keep things consistently watchable."{{Cite web |title=Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rosencrantz_and_guildenstern_are_dead/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes}} {{Metacritic film prose|45|8|access-date=18 April 2025}}{{Cite web |title=Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/rosencrantz-and-guildenstern-are-undead/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=www.metacritic.com |language=en}} A common criticism in negative reviews was that the material is more suited to the stage than to the screen; examples include Vincent Canby's review, in which he says, "[Stoppard] delights in sounds and meanings, in puns, in flights of words that soar and swoop as if in visual display. On the stage, this sort of thing can be great fun ... In the more realistic medium of film, so many words can numb the eardrums and weigh upon the eyelids like old coins. This is the effect of 'Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead'."{{cite web |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE1DE113AF93BA35751C0A967958260 |url-status=live |title=Movie Review – Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead – Review/Film; A Cockeyed Perspective on Elsinore |author=Vincent Canby |author-link=Vincent Canby |date=8 February 1991 |work=The New York Times |access-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525224529/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/08/movies/review-film-a-cockeyed-perspective-on-elsinore.html |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-access=limited}} Similarly, Roger Ebert states that "the problem is that this material was never meant to be a film, and can hardly work as a film."{{cite web |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rosencrantz-and-guildenstern-are-dead-1991 |title=Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead |author=Roger Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=15 March 1991 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=25 May 2009}}

The film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival as well as the Fantasporto Directors' Week Award. For his work in the film, Oldman was nominated for the 1991 Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

Home media

The film was released on DVD in the UK in 2003, and in the US in 2005, featuring interviews with Oldman, Roth, Dreyfuss, and Stoppard.{{cite news|url=http://www.moviecitynews.com/columnists/pratt/2005/rosencrantz.html|title=Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead|last=Pratt|first=Douglas|date=2005-06-03|work=MCN DVD|publisher=Movie City News|access-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080602170224/http://www.moviecitynews.com/columnists/pratt/2005/rosencrantz.html |archive-date = 2008-06-02}}

References

External links

{{IMDb title|0100519|Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead}}
{{mojo title|rosencrantzandguildensternaredead|Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead}}
{{rotten-tomatoes|rosencrantz_and_guildenstern_are_dead|Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead}}

Category:1990 films

Category:1990 black comedy films

Category:1990 independent films

Category:Films about actors

Category:Films based on Hamlet

Category:British films based on plays

Category:American films based on plays

Category:British independent films

Category:Golden Lion winners

Category:Films directed by Tom Stoppard

Category:Films with screenplays by Tom Stoppard

Category:Films scored by Stanley Myers