Rosenthal murder case

{{Short description|Murder of Herman Rosenthal and subsequent trial}}

{{multiple image

| total_width = 300

| image1 = Portrait of Herman Rosenthal (1879–1912) in The Literary Digest.png

| alt1 = Herman Rosenthal

| image2 = Louie Rosenberg ("Lefty Louie"), Frank Muller ("Whitey Lewis"), Frank Cirofici ("Dago Frank"), Harry Horowitz ("Gyp the Blood").jpg

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| image3 = Charles Becker, ca. 1912.jpg

| alt3 = Charles Becker

| footer = Herman Rosenthal, Officer Becker, and the four gangsters executed

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The Becker–Rosenthal trial was a 1912 trial in New York City for the murder of Herman Rosenthal (1874–1912),[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/114317371/herman-m-rosenthal Herman Rosenthal] Washington Cemetery, Brooklyn New York a bookmaker, by NYPD Lieutenant Charles Becker and members of the Lenox Avenue Gang.{{cite news|title=Defense Rests After Calling Some of Those Who Saw the Murder of Rosenthal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/11/16/archives/say-slayers-didnt-resemble-gunmen-defense-rests-after-calling-some.html|quote=Ex-Magistrate Charles G. F. Wahle, counsel for the gunmen "Gyp the Blood" Horowitz, "Lefty Louis" Rosenberg, "Whitey Lewis", and "Dago Frank" Cirofici on trial before Justice Goff and a jury in the Extraordinary Term of the Supreme Court for the murder of Herman Rosenthal, rested the case of the defense at 5 o'clock yesterday afternoon.|work=The New York Times|date=November 16, 1912|access-date=2010-11-25}}{{subscription required}} The trial ran from October 7 to October 30, 1912, and restarted on May 2 to May 22, 1914. Other procedural events took place in 1915.

Five men, including former Lieutenant Becker, were convicted on murder charges and sentenced to death. Each was executed by the state at Sing Sing Prison.

History

In July 1912, Lieutenant Charles Becker was named in the New York World as one of three senior police officials involved in the case of Herman Rosenthal, a small-time bookmaker and gambler who had complained to the press that his illegal casinos had been affected by the greed of Becker and his associates. Rosenthal accused the police of demanding a large percentage of his illegal profits as protection in exchange for allowing him to continue to operate.

File:Gyp 2422667831 20669b23e4 o.jpg (seated in front row) after being arrested by police (standing)]]

File:Charles Becker 2349131661 20ebb6b9ab o.jpg (center) being escorted to Sing Sing]]

At 2 a.m. on July 16, two days after the New York World article was published, Rosenthal was murdered on the street after leaving the Hotel Metropole at 147 West 43rd Street, just off Times Square. He was gunned down by men found to be a crew of Jewish gangsters from the Lower East Side. In the aftermath, Manhattan District Attorney Charles S. Whitman, who had made an appointment with Rosenthal before his death, said that he believed the gangsters had committed the murder at Becker's behest.

John J. Reisler, also known as "John the Barber", told the police that he had seen "Bridgey" Webber running away from the crime scene directly after the killing. After he recanted the next week, likely after being threatened by gangsters, he was charged with perjury.

The New York Times and other major newspapers covered the murder investigation for months, with the Times featuring it on the front page, as it led into complex criminal activities. The events were so complex that the New York Police Department recalled 30 detectives from retirement to help investigate and were said "to know most of the gangsters."{{cite news | newspaper = The New York Times | page = 1 | date = July 25, 1912 | title = Murder Witness Recants in Fear |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/07/25/archives/murder-witness-recants-in-fear-john-reisler-near-when-rosenthal-was.html}}{{subscription required}} One of the recalled detectives, Detective Frank Upton, formerly of the "Italian Squad," was instrumental in the July 25, 1912, arrest of "Dago" Frank Cirofici, one of the suspected killers. He and his companion, Regina Gorden (formerly known as "Rose Harris"), were "so stupefied by opium that they offered no objection to their arrests," according to The New York Times.{{cite news | newspaper = The New York Times | title = 'Dago' Frank in the Police Net | date = July 26, 1912 | page = 1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/07/26/archives/dago-frank-in-the-police-net-man-wanted-as-rosenthals-slayer-taken.html}}{{subscription required}} The department then had one of its policewomen, Mary A. Sullivan, go undercover to gain the trust of Gorden. She befriended the woman as well as other girlfriends and wives of the suspects, which helped to break the case.{{cite book|last=Mullenbach |first=Cheryl | title=Women in Blue : 16 Brave Officers, Forensics Experts, Police Chiefs, and More | location=Chicago | publisher=Chicago Review Press | year=2016 | pages=55–68| oclc=920683298 | isbn=978-1613734223 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_abECwAAQBAJ&q=rosenthal | via=Google Books}}

Defendants

=Convicted and sentenced to death=

Charles Becker (1870–1915), NYPD lieutenant charged with ordering the murder and having protected and extorted from illegal gamblers, executed
Francisco Cirofici (1887–1914), aka Dago Frank, gunman, executed
Harry Horowitz (1889–1914), aka Gyp the Blood, gunman, executed
Louis Rosenberg (1891–1914), aka Lefty Louie and Louis Marks, gunman, executed{{Cite news|date=1912-08-06|title=Recent Pictures of the four men named as the actual slayers of gambler Herman Rosenthal|pages=2|work=The Democratic Banner|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47887166/recent-pictures-of-the-four-men-named/|access-date=2020-11-14}}{{Citation|last=Prison|first=Sing|title=Prisoner Identification Photo of Louis Rosenberg, alias 'Lefty Louis'|url=https://dc.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/167|access-date=2020-11-14}}
Jacob Seidenshner (1888–1914), aka Frank Muller and Whitey Lewis, gunman, executed{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oglAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA361 |title=Reports of Cases Decided in the Court of Appeals of the State of New York, Volume 210 |publisher= New York (State) Court of Appeals|chapter=The People of The State of New York, Respondent, v. Jacob Seidenshner, Frank Cirofici, Louis Rosenberg and Harry Horowitz, Appellants. |year=1914 |quote=The defendants were named in the indictment as Frank Muller, alias Whitey Louis, alias Whitey Jack, alias Louis Seidenschue, alias Jack Biegel — Frank Cirofici, alias Dago Frank, alias Frank Palmer — Louis Rosenberg, alias Lefty Louie, alias Louis Marks, alias Louis Baker, alias Charles Raymond — Harry Horowitz, alias Gyp the Blood. The birth name of Frank Muller was later found to be Jacob Seidenshner.}}

=Other participants in the case=

William Bourke Cockran (1854–1923), one of Becker's defense lawyers
Martin Thomas Manton (1880–1946), one of Becker's defense lawyers at the trial.{{cite news|title=Becker's Lawyers Plan Final Move. Application for Federal Writ of Habeas Corpus Discussed with Condemned Man's Wife. Letter Received by H. T. Marshall from Judge Bartlett Submitted to Counsel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/07/13/archives/beckers-lawyers-plan-final-move-application-for-federal-writ-of.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 13, 1915|access-date=2010-12-24}}{{subscription required}}
John B. Johnston (1882–1960), one of Becker's defense lawyers
Sam Paul (1874–1927), gambler and owner of the club at which police first thought that the murder was planned.
Jacob A. Rich (1877–1938), also known as Jack Sullivan{{cite news |title=Dougherty Gets Murder Witness|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 28, 1912|page=1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/07/28/archives/dougherty-gets-murder-witness-man-who-saw-rosenthal-shot-down.html}}{{subscription required}} and Jacob A. Reich, testified for Becker's defense.{{cite news|title=Becker Witness Dies In The Bronx. Jacob A. Rich Testified at the Murder Trial as Reich and Defended Police Officer. Former 'King of Newsboys' Did Not Get 'Vindication' Until Summer of 1936|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/12/25/archives/becker-witness-dies-in-the-bronx-jacob-a-rich-testified-at-the.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 25, 1938|access-date=2010-12-13}}{{subscription required}}
Jack Rose (1875–1947), aka Baldy Rose, gambler and informant who testified against Becker at the trial{{cite news|title=Baldy Jack Rose is Dead Here At 72. Police Close File on Rosenthal Murder Case Figure Whose Testimony Doomed Becker|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/10/09/archives/baldy-jack-rose-is-dead-here-at-72-police-close-file-on-rosenthal.html|work=The New York Times|date=October 9, 1947|access-date=2010-11-25}}{{subscription required}}
Herman Rosenthal, murdered bookmaker and gambler.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/07/16/archives/gambler-who-defied-police-is-shot-dead-rosenthal-killed-in-front-of.html|title=Gambler Who Defied Police Is Shot Dead. Rosenthal Killed in Front of the Hotel Metropole Early This Morning|work=The New York Times|date=July 16, 1912|access-date=August 23, 2011}}{{subscription required}}
Sam Schepps (1873-1936), also known as Schapps, mob informant who testified against defendants at the trial
Frank Upton, Detective,{{cite book |title=Annual report |date=1923 |publisher=Police Dept., City of New York. |location=New York |pages=233 |url=https://archive.org/details/annual23newy/page/n271/mode/2up}} father of Frances Upton, actress
Harry Vallon, mob informant who testified against the defendants at the trial{{cite news|title=Becker Informers Now Ready To Flit. Schepps West for Vaudeville, Webber to Europe, Rose and Vallon Won't Tell|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0D11F6385813738DDDA80A94D9415B828DF1D3|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 21, 1912|access-date=2010-12-10}}{{subscription required}}
Louis William Webber (1877–1936), aka Bridgey Webber, mob informant who testified against the defendants at the trial
Charles Seymour Whitman (1868–1947), district attorney, elected in 1914 as governor of New York{{cite news|title=Death Takes Ex-Governor Of New York. Charles S. Whitman, Hanover, Conn., Native Was Elected in 1914|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/560725811 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=Hartford Courant|date=March 30, 1947|access-date=2010-03-22|id={{ProQuest|560725811}} }}{{subscription required}}
Jack Zelig (1888–1912), murdered before he could testify for the prosecution.{{cite news|title=Becker Trial Today Despite New Murder. Whitman Confident That He Can Convict Lieutenant Without Zelig's Evidence.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/10/07/archives/becker-trial-today-despite-new-murder-whitman-confident-that-he-can.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 7, 1912|access-date=2012-08-15}}{{subscription required}}

In popular culture

The British writer P.G. Wodehouse wrote a foreword to his novel Psmith, Journalist (1914) that noted the Rosenthal case by way of showing how common gang murders in New York were at the time. He did not discuss the complicity of the police.

In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby (1925), the fictional gambler Meyer Wolfsheim mentions having been present in the Metropole with Rosenthal moments before the latter was murdered.

The writer, Viña Delmar, wrote about the murder in :
{{cite book |last1=Delmar |first1=Viña |author1-link=Viña Delmar |title=The Becker Scandal: A Time Remembered |date=1968 |publisher=Harcourt, Brace & World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQFBAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}