Rothesay Bay

File:Rothesay Bay beach looking north, East Coast Bays, 1963.jpg

Rothesay Bay is located in the East Coast Bays of the North Shore, between Browns Bay and Murrays Bay.{{Cite web |url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/5162 |title=Rothesay Bay |website=New Zealand Gazetteer |publisher=Land Information New Zealand|access-date=11 July 2023}}{{cite map|url=https://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz6275/Rothesay-Bay/Auckland|title=Rothesay Bay, Auckland|map=NZ Topo Map|first=Gavin|last=Harriss|date=March 2022}} The bay looks out to the Hauraki Gulf and Coromandel Peninsula.{{Cite web |url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/56118 |title=Rothesay Bay |website=New Zealand Gazetteer |publisher=Land Information New Zealand|access-date=11 July 2023}} An unnamed stream flows north-east through the suburb to the Hauraki Gulf.

The soil is primarily formed from clay and Waitemata sandstone, which can be seen in the cliffs along the coast.{{cite report|url=https://knowledgeauckland.org.nz/media/1737/tr2011-010-north-shore-heritage-thematic-review-vol-1-july-2011.pdf |title=North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1 |author=Heritage Consultancy Services |publisher=Auckland Council |date=1 July 2011 |isbn=978-1-927169-21-6 |access-date=29 June 2023}} Prior to human settlement, the inland Rothesay Bay area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline.{{cite report|title=The Māori Archaeology of Te Raki Paewhenua/North Shore|first=Dave|last=Veart|publisher=Auckland North Community and Development|year=2018|isbn=978-0-9941358-4-1|page=10}} During the 19th century, the area was dominated by mānuka shrubs.{{sfn|Sheehan|2019|pp=6}}

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/local-boards/all-local-boards/puketapapa-local-board/docsheritagestudies/waikowhai-coast-heritage-study.pdf |title=Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Pishief |first2=Brendan |last2=Shirley|date=August 2015|publisher=Auckland Council|access-date=14 February 2023}}{{cite report|url=https://nzta.govt.nz/assets/projects/penlink/docs/penlink-cultural-and-environmental-context-cultural-environmental-design-framework.pdf |title=Penlink Cultural & Environmental Design Framework: Penlink Cultural and Environmental Context |author=Boffa Miskell |publisher=Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency |access-date=4 July 2023}} The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū.{{cite report|url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/proposal/NSP000039/Applicants-proposal-documents/7a1333716c/NSP000039-NCI-Vol-2-AEE-Appendix-F-Cultural-Values-Assessments.pdf |title=Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI) |author=Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki |publisher=NZ Transport Agency |date=April 2016 |access-date=30 June 2023}} Many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho.{{cite report|url=https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/assets/E79-CVA-Te-Kawerau-Iwi-Tribunal-Authority.pdf |title=Cultural Values Assessment for America's Cup 36 - Wynyard and Hobson Planning Application |first=Sarah |last=Mossman |work=Te Kawerau Iwi Tribunal Authority |date=August 2018 |access-date=30 June 2023}} While the poor soils around the East Coast Bays hindered dense settlement, traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds.{{cite report|url=https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/proposal/NSP000039/Applicants-proposal-documents/7a1333716c/NSP000039-NCI-Vol-2-AEE-Appendix-F-Cultural-Values-Assessments.pdf |title=Cultural Impact Assessment for the NZ Transport Agency's Northern Corridor Improvements |first=Fiona |last=McKenzie |work=Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust |publisher=NZ Transport Agency |date=June 2016 |access-date=30 June 2023}}

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore.{{Cite web| date=December 2018 | title = Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/docswaitakererangesheritagearea/waitakere-ranges-heritage-area-local-parks-design-guide.pdf | publisher = Auckland Council| access-date = 28 June 2021}}{{Cite book| editor-first=James| editor-last=Northcote-Bade |title=West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1 |year=1990 |publisher=West Auckland Historical Society |isbn=0-473-00983-8 |chapter=Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning |first1=Graeme |last1=Murdoch |pages=13–14}} After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, {{lang|mi|Te Whenua Roa o Kahu}} ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"),{{Cite web|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Manuhiri/Ngati-Manuhiri-Deed-of-Settlement-21-May-2011.pdf |title=Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims |author1=Ngāti Manuhiri |author2=The Crown|date=21 May 2011|publisher=New Zealand Government|access-date=18 May 2022}}{{cite web|url=https://restorehb.org.nz/resources-matauranga-maori/ |title=He taonga o te rohe |first=Mel |last=Whaanga |publisher=Restore Hibiscus & Bays |date=March 2022 |access-date=30 June 2023}} Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.{{Cite web|last=Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown|date=7 November 2015|title=Deed of settlement schedule documents|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngai-Tai-ki-Tamaki/Ngai-Tai-ki-Tamaki-Documents-Schedule-Nov-2015.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2021|website=NZ Government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213154038/https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngai-Tai-ki-Tamaki/Ngai-Tai-ki-Tamaki-Documents-Schedule-Nov-2015.pdf |archive-date=13 February 2020}}

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore.{{Cite web| date=20 March 2021 | title = Ngāti Pāoa and the Trustees of the Ngāti Pāoa Iwi Trust and The Crown Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims |url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Paoa/2021-03-20-N-Paoa-Deed-of-Settlement-Historical-Claims.pdf |author1=New Zealand Government |author2=Ngāti Paoa | publisher = New Zealand Government| access-date = 1 September 2021}} After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s.{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/Documents/wenderholm-regional-park-history-walk.pdf |title=Wenderholm Regional Park: Our History |date=2015 |publisher=Auckland Council |access-date=4 May 2023}} The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of {{lang|mi|rewharewha}}, respiratory diseases.{{Cite web| date=May 2017 | title = Cultural Values Assessment for the Warkworth North Structure Plan and Associated Development |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/pc25-appendix-7-2-ngati-manuhiri-cia.pdf | first=Fiona |last=McKenzie |work=Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust |publisher=Auckland Council | access-date = 4 July 2023}} During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.{{Cite web|url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Ngati-Manuhiri/Ngati-Manuhiri-Deed-of-Settlement-21-May-2011.pdf |title=Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims |author1=Ngāti Manuhiri |author2=The Crown|date=21 May 2011|publisher=New Zealand Government|access-date=18 May 2022}}

File:Rothesay Bay Beach, East Coast Bays, 1968.jpg

In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango.{{cite report|url=https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_93961548/Wai%20674%2C%20F001.pdf |title=The Crown, Maori and Mahurangi 1840-1881 |first=Barry |last=Rigby |date=August 1998 |publisher=Waitangi Tribunal |access-date=4 July 2023}}{{sfn|Stone|2001|pp=188}}{{Cite web| date=22 February 2014 | title = Deed of Settlement of Historical Claim |url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Te-Kawerau-a-Maki/Te-Kawerau-a-Maki-Deed-of-Settlement.pdf | author1 = Te Kawerau ā Maki | author2 = The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust | author3 = The Crown | access-date = 4 July 2023}} The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.{{sfn|Stone|2001|pp=188}}

Unlike the surrounding bays, most of Rothesay Bay was left as scrubland in the 19th century.{{sfn|Sheehan|2019|pp=6}} The main visitors to the area were itinerant kauri gum diggers, and small sections of land were part of cattle farms owned by the Vaughan family and by W. Hart.{{sfn|Cass|1989|pp=11-12}}{{sfn|Willis|2018|pp=18-19}} In the 1910s, Scottish immigrant and resident of Albany, John Knight, began developing the land to sell as a subdivision.{{sfn|Cass|1989|pp=11-12}} Construction on Rothesay Bay Road had begun by 1912,{{cite news|via=Papers Past|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19120808.2.9 |title=Country News |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |volume=XLIX |issue=15066 |date=8 August 1912 |page=4}} and the land was subdivided for sale in 1915 and 1916.{{sfn|Cass|1989|pp=11-12}} While many historical sources describe Knight naming the subdivision after his hometown in Scotland, Knight did not come from Rothesay. The origin of the name is unknown, but it may have come from the Scottish song "Sweet Rothesay Bay",{{sfn|Willis|2018|pp=18-19}} which was referenced in some of the advertising material for the suburb.{{cite news|via=Papers Past|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19150430.2.4.5 |title=Page 2 Advertisements Column 5 |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |volume=VII |issue=15905 |date=30 April 1915 |page=2}}

A small settlement of holiday homes developed during the 1920s, but even into the 1950s the area was sparsely populated and rural.{{sfn|Cass|1989|pp=11-12}} By 1945, ten families had permanently settled at Rothesay Bay, and a close-knit community developed. The families used the Rothesay Bay beach as a common area to socialise.{{sfn|Willis|2018|pp=18-19}} During World War II, a pillbox was installed at the Rothesay Bay Esplanade,{{cite report|url=https://knowledgeauckland.org.nz/media/1741/tr2011-010-north-shore-heritage-thematic-review-vol-2-parts-6plus-july-2011.pdf |title=North Shore heritage – North Shore area studies and scheduled items list: volume 2 parts 6+ |first1=Heike |last1=Lutz |first2=Theresa |last2=Chan |work=Heritage Consultancy Services |publisher=Auckland Council |date=2011 |access-date=7 July 2023}} and gun emplacements were constructed on the nearby cliffs.{{sfn|Willis|2018|pp=18-19}}

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.{{cite book |last1=Reidy |first1=Jade |chapter=How the West Was Run |pages=238–239 |editor-last1=Macdonald |editor-first1=Finlay |editor-link1=Finlay Macdonald (editor) |editor-last2=Kerr |editor-first2=Ruth |title=West: The History of Waitakere |publisher=Random House |date=2009 |isbn=9781869790080}} In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council, which became East Coast Bays City in 1975.{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/arts-culture-heritage/heritage-walks-places/Documents/browns-bay-heritage-walk.pdf |title=Browns Bay Heritage Walk |first=Tania |last=Mace |publisher=North Shore City Council |date=October 2006 |access-date=4 July 2023}} In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City. North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.{{Cite journal| doi = 10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572| issn = 2324-1101| volume = 11| issue = 4| last = Blakeley| first = Roger| title = The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view| journal = Policy Quarterly| date = 2015| doi-access = free}}

Within the Auckland Council, Rothesay Bay is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Rothesay Bay covers {{Convert|0.86|km2||abbr=on}}{{Cite web|title=Stats NZ Geographic Data Service|url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/data/|at=Statistical Area 2 2023 (generalised)|access-date=27 December 2024}} and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Rothesay Bay|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Rothesay Bay|y}}|R}}/0.86|0}} people per km².

{{Historical populations|2006|2,613|2013|2,706|2018|2,886|2023|2,892|percentages=pagr|align=left|source={{NZ census 2018|Rothesay Bay (119000)|rothesay-bay|Rothesay Bay}}}}

Rothesay Bay had a population of 2,892 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 6 people (0.2%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 186 people (6.9%) since the 2013 census. There were 1,437 males, 1,452 females and 3 people of other genders in 993 dwellings.{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_005&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.119000.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}} 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 41.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 543 people (18.8%) aged under 15 years, 522 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,389 (48.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 441 (15.2%) aged 65 or older.

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 73.9% European (Pākehā); 4.5% Māori; 1.3% Pasifika; 24.4% Asian; 2.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 95.4%, Māori language by 0.4%, Samoan by 0.2%, and other languages by 28.1%. No language could be spoken by 1.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.2%. The percentage of people born overseas was 44.7, compared with 28.8% nationally.

Religious affiliations were 30.6% Christian, 0.5% Hindu, 0.7% Islam, 0.8% Buddhist, 0.3% New Age, 0.4% Jewish, and 0.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 60.4%, and 5.7% of people did not answer the census question.

Of those at least 15 years old, 702 (29.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,035 (44.1%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 363 (15.5%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $50,700, compared with $41,500 nationally. 543 people (23.1%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,188 (50.6%) people were employed full-time, 408 (17.4%) were part-time, and 36 (1.5%) were unemployed.{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_008&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.119000.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Rothesay Bay (119000)}}

A popular public walkway passes through coastal Rothesay Bay, connecting Campbells Bay to Browns Bay in the north. The walkway passes sections of exposed Waitemata sandstone.{{cite Q|Q118136068|page=43-44}}

Chris Rankin who played Percy Weasley in the Harry Potter film series grew up in Rothesay Bay until he was 6 years old.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Cass |first=David |title=ECB – the Years to 1989 |publisher=East Coast Bays City Council |date=1989}}
• {{cite book |last=Sheehan|first=Vanessa|title=An Almost Complete History of the East Coast Bays|year=2019}}
• {{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=R. C. J. |author-link1=Russell Stone (historian) |title=From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland |publisher=Auckland University Press |date=2001 |isbn=1869402596}}
• {{cite book|last=Willis|first=Jenny|title=Early History of East Coast Bays|edition=Second|year=2018}}

{{Refend}}

• [https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/photos/search/searchterm/Rothesay%20Bay/field/title/ Photographs of Rothesay Bay] held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.

{{East Coast Bays}}

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Category:Suburbs of Auckland

Category:Bays of Auckland

Category:East Coast Bays