Round Top (Alpine County, California)

File:Round Top.jpg

Round Top is the remnant of a volcano that formed in the Miocene epoch, which lasted from {{c.}} 23 million years ago to {{c.}} 5 million years ago. Most of the mountain's vertical height consists of an intrusive volcanic plug{{rp|3}} formed of basaltic andesite. This intrusive structure formed under the volcano's surface as subsurface magma gradually cooled and solidified. Approximately {{convert|3,000|feet}} is exposed by the northern wall of Summit City canyon, which forms the south face of the mountain. A strong magnetic anomaly in the vicinity indicates that this plug further extends far below the canyon floor.{{rp|5}} The upper layers of the mountain are made up of extrusive rocks, which formed at the surface.{{rp|5}} A succession of lava flows form the bulk of these upper layers. Some solidified mudflows are also present.{{rp|5}} The rock that forms Round Top was more resistant to erosion than other strata of the volcano. Eventually, over a geologic time scale, these other strata wore away, revealing the erosion-resistant remnants which make up the mountain that remains today. It has a flank lava dome, called Elephants Back.

The north slope of Round Top is home to a number of tree species, most prominently whitebark pine, western white pine, and lodgepole pine. The summit of the mountain rises above the tree line. Western white pine and lodgepole pine grow up to about {{convert|2,730|m|ft|order=flip}}. The whitebark pine survives in the form of short, stubby krummholz to as high as {{convert|2,940|m|ft|order=flip}}. A specimen of the Lake Tahoe lupine (Lupinus meionanthus) has been identified at the summit of Round Top.

File:Theb1568 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

In 1872, prospectors began exploring the Summit City Creek canyon immediately south of Round Top, ultimately filing more than 30 mining claims in the area.{{rp|4}} At some point before 1879, George Davidson of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey established a geodetic station on the summit of the mountain, as part of a chain of such stations atop peaks along the Sierra crest.

Round Top is listed on the Sierra Peaks Section peak list. Reaching the summit requires a {{abbr|YDS|Yosemite Decimal System]]}} class 3 ascent. The circumstances of the first ascent are unknown.

{{reflist|refs=

{{Cite peakbagger|pid=2578|name=Round Top, California|access-date=May 15, 2020}}

{{Cite peakbagger|lid=41311|name=California Peaks with 2000 feet of Prominence|access-date=May 15, 2020}}

{{Cite journal|page=291|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|issue=March/April 2008|title=Carson Pass–Kirkwood paleocanyon system: Paleogeography of the ancestral Cascades arc and implications for landscape evolution of the Sierra Nevada (California)|last1=Busby|first1=C.J.|last2=DeOreo|first2=S.B.|last3=Skilling|first3=I.|last4=Gans|first4=P.B.|last5=Hagan|first5=J.C.|url=http://neotectonics.seismo.unr.edu/0_COURSES/Geo730-2020/Busby-0016-7606-120-3-274.pdf|publisher=University of Nevada, Reno}}

{{Cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1201-D/report.pdf|title=Mineral Resource Potential of the Mokelumne Wilderness and Contiguous Roadless Areas, Central Sierra Nevada, California: Summary Report|last1=McKee|first1=Edwin H.|last2=Chaffee|first2=Maurice A.|last3=Federspiel|first3=Francis E.|last4=McHugh|first4=Edward L.|last5=Cather|first5=Eric E.|last6=Scott|first6=Douglas F.|last7=Rumsey|first7=Clayton M.|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|date=1982}}

{{Cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/58487/carleton-watkins-round-top-coast-and-geodetic-station-10700-ft-alpine-county-california-american-1879/|title=Round Top, Coast and Geodetic Station, 10,700 ft., Alpine County, California|website=Getty Museum|publisher=The J. Paul Getty Museum|access-date=May 23, 2020}}

{{Cite journal|title=Supplement to a Flora of the Tahoe Basin and Surrounding Areas|last=Smith|first=Gladys L.|url=https://digitalcollections.usfca.edu/digital/api/collection/p15129coll11/id/796/download|journal=The Wasmann Journal of Biology|volume=41|date=1983|format=pdf|page=25|access-date=May 23, 2020}}

{{Cite web|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sites/www.sierraclub.org/files/sce/sierra-peaks-section/files/SPS%20list%2025th%20ed_0.pdf|title=SPS Peaks List|edition=25th|date=August 2017|publisher=Sierra Peaks Section—Angeles Chapter—Sierra Club|page=7|access-date=May 23, 2020}}

{{Cite loj|id=17196|name=Round Top|access-date=May 23, 2020}}

{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00040851.1982.12004286?needAccess=true|journal=Arctic and Alpine Research|title=Cuticular Transpiration of Whitebark Pine (Pinus Albicaulis) Within a Sierra Nevadan Timberline Ecotone, U.S.A.|page=98|last1=Sowell|first1=J. B.|last2=Koutnik|first2=D. L.|last3=Lansing|first3=A. J.|date=1982|volume=14 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/00040851.1982.12004286 |access-date=May 23, 2020}}

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{{Sierra Nevada|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|38.66352|-120.00129|format=dms|type:mountain_region:US-CA|display=title}}

Category:Sierra Nevada (United States)

Category:Eldorado National Forest

Category:Mountains of Alpine County, California

Category:Volcanoes of California