Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne

{{Short description|British politician and Lord Chancellor (1812–1895)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable

| name = The Earl of Selborne

| honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC|FRS}}

| image = Lord Selborne LC LS&PC.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Selborne {{circa}} 1873

| office = Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain

| term_start1 = 15 October 1872

| term_end1 = 17 February 1874

| monarch1 = Victoria

| primeminister1 = William Ewart Gladstone

| predecessor1 = The Lord Hatherley

| successor1 = The Lord Cairns

| term_start2 = 28 April 1880

| term_end2 = 9 June 1885

| monarch2 = Victoria

| primeminister2 = William Ewart Gladstone

| predecessor2 = The Earl Cairns

| successor2 = The Lord Halsbury

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1812|11|27}}

| birth_place = Mixbury, Oxfordshire

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1895|05|4|1812|11|27}}

| death_place =

| nationality = British

| party = {{Plainlist|

| alma_mater = Christ Church, Oxford
Trinity College, Oxford

| spouse = Lady Laura Waldegrave

| children = 5

}}

Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|PC|FRS}} (27 November 1812 – 4 May 1895) was an English lawyer and politician. He served twice as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.

Background and education

Palmer was born at Mixbury in Oxfordshire, where his father, William Jocelyn Palmer, was rector. His mother Dorothea was daughter of the Rev. William Roundell of Gledstone Hall, Yorkshire. William Palmer and Edwin Palmer were his brothers.{{cite DNB |wstitle=Palmer, William (1811-1879)}} He was educated at Rugby School and Winchester College.{{cite web |url=http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/p/a/l/m/palmer_roundell.htm |title=Roundell Palmer |website=www.hymntime.com |access-date=2019-05-22}}

Palmer proceeded to the University of Oxford, matriculating from Christ Church, moving to Trinity College upon winning a scholarship there, and becoming a fellow of Magdalen College in 1834. He graduated BA in 1834 and MA in 1836. While at Oxford he became a close friend of the hymnist and theologian, Frederick William Faber. At Oxford he won the Chancellor's Prize for Latin Verse in 1831, the Ireland Scholarship in Greek and the Newdigate Prize in 1832, the Eldon Law Scholarship in 1834 and the Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize in 1835. He was President of the Oxford Union in 1832.

Political career

Palmer was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1837. He preferred practice at the equity bar, and avoided juries. From 1840 to 1843 he was a leader writer for The Times. He was elected to the House of Commons for Plymouth in 1847. A Peelite, he was defeated in 1852, but was returned in a by-election the following year. He lost his seat in 1857, and was defeated again in 1859.

In 1861, Palmer was appointed Solicitor General in the government of Lord Palmerston and was returned unopposed for Richmond, receiving the customary knighthood. In 1863 he was promoted Attorney General,{{Cite news |date=1863-10-06 |title=CROWN OFFICE, October 2nd, 1863. |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/7368/page/1205 |url-status=live |access-date=2025-02-18 |work=The Edinburgh Gazette |pages=1205 |issue=7368}} continuing in office under Lord Russell after Palmerston's death in 1865, until the government's defeat in 1866. His position as a law officer of the Crown meant that he had to handle the many questions of international law that arose out of the American Civil War, including the Alabama affair.Frank J. Merli, The Alabama, British Neutrality, and the American Civil War (Indiana University Press, 2004), pp. 89-119/

An early follower of Gladstone, Palmer broke with him over the disestablishment of the Irish Church. After the Liberals were returned in the 1868 election, he refused Gladstone's offers to appoint him either as Lord Chancellor or Lord Chief Justice, preferring to be free to oppose Irish disestablishment as a backbencher. He was the leading counsel for Britain before the Alabama Claims tribunal in Geneva.

Despite his continuing opposition to the government on Irish and Church issues, Palmer was appointed on 15 October 1872 as Lord Chancellor under Gladstone. He was created Baron Selborne, of Selborne in the County of Southampton, and was sworn of the Privy Council.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23910/page/4898 London Gazette, Number 23910, p. 4898 (18 October, 1872).] His first tenure in office saw the passage of the Judicature Act 1873, which reorganised the English judiciary. Selborne again held the Lord Chancellorship under Gladstone in 1880–1885. In the latter year he established a Lord Chancellor's Department. He was created Viscount Wolmer, of Blackmoor in the County of Southampton, and the Earl of Selborne in 1882.

File:Lord Selborne LC by WW Ouless.jpg.]]

After the fall of Gladstone in 1885, Selborne became increasingly alarmed by perceived radical tendencies within the Liberal Party. He finally broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule, refusing reappointment as Lord Chancellor when the Liberals returned to office in 1886, and joining the Liberal Unionists.

Honours

Selborne was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1860.{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org/Lists-of-Royal-Society-Fellows-1660-2007/ |title=Lists of Royal Society Fellows 1660–2007 |publisher=The Royal Society |access-date=14 July 2010 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324095152/http://royalsociety.org/Lists-of-Royal-Society-Fellows-1660-2007/ |archive-date=24 March 2010}} He was an honorary fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford and an honorary Student of Christ Church, Oxford, High Steward of the University of Oxford and Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews.

Judicial decisions

Barnes v Addy (1874) LR 9 Ch App 244
L'Union St. Jacques de Montreal v. Bélisle (1874), 6 L.R. P.C. 31, [https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1874/1874_53.html [1874] UKPC 53] (P.C.).
Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1, [1881–85] All ER Rep 106, (1884) 9 App Cas 605; 54 LJQB 130; 51 LT 833; 33 WR 233 – a leading case from the House of Lords on the legal concept of consideration

Family

File:Memorial to Roundell Palmer in Winchester Cathedral.jpg]]

Selborne married Lady Laura, daughter of William Waldegrave, 8th Earl Waldegrave, in 1848. They had four daughters followed by a son. Their eldest, Laura Elizabeth, was born in 1848 and became an author and social reformer, who in 1876 married George Ridding, the first Bishop of Southwell, so becoming known as Lady Laura Ridding.Serena Kelly, "Ridding, Lady Laura Elizabeth (1849–1939)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50713, accessed 22 Nov 2017.] Their second, Mary Dorothea (1850–1933), married her first cousin, the 9th Earl Waldegrave in 1874. Their third, Sophia Matilda (1852–1915), named after her great-great-aunt, Princess Sophia Matilda of Gloucester,{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sophiamatildapal00riddiala/page/n15 |title=Sophia Matilda Palmer, Comtesse de Franqueville, 1852–1915: A Memoir |last=Ridding |first=Lady Laura |publisher=John Murray |year=1919 |location=Albemarle Street, London |pages=270}} was a writer of fiction and married Amable Charles Franquet, Comte de Franqueville, in 1903.London: Jarndyce Catalogue No. CCXXXII. Women Writers 1789–1948, Part III, P–Z, Item 2. [https://www.jarndyce.co.uk/online_catalogues/232.pdf Retrieved 12 October 2018.] Their fourth, Sarah Wilfreda (1854–1910) married her second cousin, George Tournay Biddulph, son of Robert Biddulph, in 1883. Their son William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne later became a prominent Unionist politician. Lady Selborne died in April 1885. Lord Selborne survived her by ten years and died in May 1895, aged 82.

Arms

{{Emblem table

| image = Coat of arms of Palmer, Earl of Selborne.svg

| imagesize = 200px

| crest = A mount vert, thereon a greyhound sejant sable, collared or, charged on the shoulder with a trefoil slipped argent.

| escutcheon = Argent, two bars sable, charged with three trefoils slipped of the field; in chief a greyhound courant of the second, collared or.

| supporters = On either side a greyhound sable, collared or, and charged on the shoulder with a trefoil slipped argent.

| motto = Palma Virtuti (The palm is for virtue)Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.1002

}}

Publications

{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |title=A Defence of the Church of England Against Disestablishment |edition=1 |location=London |date=November 1886 |oclc=57501388}} 2nd ed. (London, December 1886), 3rd ed. (London, March 1887), 4th ed. (London, February 1888)
{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |title=Ancient facts and fictions concerning churches and tithes

|publisher=Macmillan |location=London; New York |year=1888 |lccn=03002193 |oclc=60714511}}

Selborne Memorials (London, 1896–98)
{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |title=Memorials. Part 1, Family and personal, 1766–1865. |volume=I|publisher=Macmillan |location=London; New York |year=1896|oclc=277580024}}
{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |title=Memorials. Part 1, Family and personal, 1766–1865. |volume=II|publisher=Macmillan |location=London; New York |year=1896|oclc=277580029}}
{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |title=Memorials, Part II. Personal and Political |volume=I |publisher=Macmillan |location=London; New York |year=1898 |oclc=831400848}}
{{cite book |first=Roundell |last=Palmer |url=http://booksnow1.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/27/memorialspt202selbuoft/memorialspt202selbuoft_djvu.txt |title=Memorials, Part II. Personal and Political |volume=II |publisher=Macmillan |location=London; New York |year=1898 |oclc=277583879}}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite book |author=Lady Laura Ridding |title=Sophia Matilda Palmer, comtesse de Franqueville, 1852–1915: a memoir |year=1919 |publisher=John Murray |url=https://archive.org/details/sophiamatildapal00riddiala |page=[https://archive.org/details/sophiamatildapal00riddiala/page/5 5]}}

}}

External links

{{wikisource author-inline|Roundell Palmer}}
{{Hansard-contribs | mr-roundell-palmer | the Earl of Selborne }}
{{Rayment|external links=y|date=February 2012}}
[http://archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk:8080/Archives/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='MSS/2452-2502') Papers at Lambeth Palace Library]{{dead link |date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{succession box

| title = Member of Parliament for Plymouth

| with = Viscount Ebrington

| years = 1847–1852

| before = Thomas Gill
Viscount Ebrington

| after = Charles John Mare
Robert Collier

}}

{{succession box

| title = Member of Parliament for Plymouth

| with = Robert Collier

| years = 1853–1857

| before = Charles John Mare
Robert Collier