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Royce Coleman Dyer

{{Short description|Canadian soldier}}

{{about|the commander of Dyer's Battalion|the British Indian Army officer responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Reginald Dyer}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Infobox military person

|name=Royce Coleman Dyer

|birth_date= February 1, 1889

|death_date={{death date and age|1918|12|30|1889|02|11}}

|placeofburial=Archangel Allied Cemetery, Russia

|image= Newspaper clipping from the Winnipeg Evening Tribune talking about Royce Coleman Dyer.jpg

|caption=Newspaper clipping from the Winnipeg Evening Tribune

|nickname=

|birth_place=Sutton, Quebec, Canada

|death_place=Archangel, Russia

|allegiance={{flag|Canada|1868}}

|branch=

|serviceyears=1914–1918

|rank=Captain

|unit=

|commands=Slavo-British Allied Legion "SBAL" aka Dyer's Battalion

|battles=

|awards= Military Medal

23px Distinguished Conduct Medal

23px Russian Order of St. George 4th Class

|relations=

|laterwork=

}}

Captain Royce Coleman Dyer, {{postnominals|country=CAN|sep=,|DCM|MM}} (February 1, 1889 – December 30, 1918) was a Canadian soldier who fought during World War I and led a Russian unit during the North Russia intervention which was part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War after the October Revolution. He died of broncho-pneumonia on December 30, 1918, while serving in Russia.

Early life and World War I

The son of the five-term mayor of Sutton, Quebec, Leon C. Dyer, Royce Coleman Dyer was born in Sutton on February 1, 1889.{{harvnb|Veterans Affairs Canada|2019|p=}} Before the war he worked as a butcher.{{harvnb|Library and Archives Canada|2019|p=}}

Dyer enlisted on September 23, 1914, in Valcartier, Québec and was assigned to the 8th Bn, Canadian Infantry (Manitoba Regiment), the 'Black Devils'.{{sfn|Vachon|2019|p=}}{{sfn|The Vancouver Daily World|1918|p=9}} He participated in a number of WWI battles during his service, including the Second Battle of Ypres. During the Battle of Mont Sorrel his actions earned him the Military Medal. During this action he was gassed. After losing consciousness he was found in a ditch two days later, then spent the next month in hospital.{{sfn|Vachon|2019|p=}} After being promoted to Sergeant, he was hospitalized after breaking a rib during the Battle of the Somme, and again knocked out of action after suffering a gunshot wound to the torso.{{harvnb|Ford|2017|p=}}

North Russia intervention

{{Main|North Russia intervention}}

While recovering in England from his bullet wound, he was approached about joining the Special Service Force that was being sent to assist anti-Bolshevik forces near Archangel, Russia as part of the Allied North Russia intervention. He attracted the attention of the unit's commander General Edmund Ironside after his actions while taking the village of Onega, for which he received the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

{{Blockquote|445 A./Sjt. R. C. Dyer, M.M., 8th Bn., Can. Infy. (N. RUSSIA).

For conspicuous gallantry and resource during the landing at Onega and clearing of the town. He set a very fine example to his men throughout the action, and, from a very exposed position, successfully engaged an enemy machine-gun at close range with his Lewis gun. He showed marked courage in taking up new positions with his gun under heavy machine-gun and cross rifle fire, and by his skilful use of it rendered very valuable service.|The London Gazette 14 January 1919 {{sfn|The London Gazette|1919|p=851}}}}

=Dyer's Battalion=

General Ironside needed more men for his Russian occupation force and so looked to recruit local Russians.{{sfn|Swettenham|2017|p=}} When enrollment figures came up short he took the suggestion of one of his staff and looked to recruit criminals from the local prisons.{{sfn|MacLaren|1976|p=85}} Called the Slavo-British Allied Legion (SBAL) he assigned their training to Dyer, who was promoted to Lieutenant. With British, Australian and Canadian officers Dyer created a unit of just under three hundred ex-prisoners. The men viewed their Lieutenant with much respect and took to calling themselves “Dyer’s Battalion.”{{harvnb|Ford|2018|p=}} Encouraged by the progress of the unit Allied Russian command promoted Dyer to captain. During training, disaster struck when he died from broncho-pneumonia. The unit never recovered but to show their respect the men carried around a huge portrait of Dyer when marching, as is the Eastern Orthodox tradition of an Icon. With their namesake dead, morale in the Battalion plummeted. Dyer had resisted enlisting suspected Bolsheviks but after his death, high command ignored this and many imprisoned Russian Bolsheviks were added to the unit. When the unit was moved to the front lines tensions grew and on July 7, 1919, the men murdered their officers. The mutineers then ordered the soldiers to cross enemy lines and join the Bolsheviks.{{sfn|Kinvig|2007|p=199}}

Death

Dyer became ill while serving in Russia and on December 27, 1918, he was admitted to the 82nd Casualty Clearing Station in Bakharitza suffering from fever. The medics there diagnosed his ailment as broncho-pneumonia, then a deadly disease, which he died from three days later, on December 30, 1918. Enlisting in 1914 and dying long after World War I had ended, he was one of the first Canadians to volunteer and the last to die.{{sfn|Vachon|2019|p=}} He is buried at Archangel Allied Cemetery.

Bibliography

Notes

{{reflist|30em}}

References

{{refbegin|2}}

  • {{cite web |last=Ford|first=Trevor |date=June 30, 2017|url = http://canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/dyers-battalion-the-untold-story-of-the-russian-revolution-part-1/ |title =Dyer's Battalion: the Untold Story of the Russian Revolution (Part I) |publisher = canadianmilitaryhistory.ca| access-date = July 8, 2019 }}
  • {{cite web |last=Ford|first=Trevor |date=July 3, 2018|url = http://canadianmilitaryhistory.ca/dyers-battalion-part-ii/ |title =Dyer's Battalion: the Untold Story of the Russian Revolution (Part II) |publisher = canadianmilitaryhistory.ca| access-date = July 8, 2019 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Kinvig|first=Clifford | author-link = Clifford Kinvig| title = Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918–1920|year=2007| publisher = A & C Black| isbn= 9781847250216}} – Total pages: 400
  • {{cite web |last=Library and Archives Canada|author-link=Library and Archives Canada|date=2019|url = http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/personnel-records/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=371275 |title =Personnel Records of the First World War: Dyer |publisher = Government of Canada| access-date = July 8, 2019 }}
  • {{cite news |title=Distinguished Conduct Medal announcements in the Fifth Supplement to the London Gazette 31128|last=The London Gazette |author-link=The London Gazette|issue=31128|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31128/supplement/847|newspaper=The London Gazette|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|location=London, UK |issn=0374-3721|oclc=6672113|date=January 14, 1919|access-date= July 8, 2019}}
  • {{cite book |last=MacLaren|first=Roy | title = Canadians in Russia, 1918–1919|year=1976| publisher = Macmillan of Canada| isbn= 9780770513399}} – Total pages: 301
  • {{cite book |last=Swettenham|first=John | title = Allied Intervention in Russia 1918–1919: And the Part Played by Canada|year=2017| publisher = Routledge| isbn= 9781351798761 }} – Total pages: 322
  • {{cite web |last=Vachon|first=Jocelyn |date=2019|url = https://heritagesutton.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/HSutton-A-Hundred-Years-Ago.pdf |title =A Hundred Years Ago, The Great War Began |publisher = Héritage Sutton| access-date = August 14, 2019 }}
  • {{cite news |date= November 23, 1918|title= Original First Hero Turns Up in Siberia |last=The Vancouver Daily World|author-link=The Vancouver Daily World|newspaper=The Vancouver Daily World|location=Vancouver, British Columbia }}
  • {{cite web |last=Veterans Affairs Canada|author-link=Veterans Affairs Canada|date=2019|url = https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/471670 |title =Captain Royce Coleman Dyer |publisher = Government of Canada| access-date = July 8, 2019 }}

{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dyer, Royce Coleman}}

Category:1889 births

Category:1918 deaths

Category:Canadian Expeditionary Force soldiers

Category:Canadian military personnel of the Russian Civil War

Category:Canadian recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal

Category:People from Sutton, Quebec

Category:Deaths from the Spanish flu pandemic

Category:Burials at Archangel Allied Cemetery

Category:Canadian recipients of the Military Medal

Category:Deaths from bronchopneumonia

Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Russia

Category:Canadian military personnel of World War I

Category:Canadian military personnel from Quebec

Category:Canadian military personnel killed in action

Category:Canadian Army soldiers

Category:Canadian Expeditionary Force officers