Rubus arcticus
{{Short description|Berry and plant}}
{{about||the Swedish cultural grant|Rubus Arcticus (grant)}}
{{distinguish|text=the 'Nectar' cultivar of Boysenberry, sometimes called nectarberry}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Rubus arcticus.jpg
|image_caption = From "Bilder ur Nordens Flora" (1917–1926)
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = {{cite iucn |author1=Maiz-Tome, L. |title=Rubus arcticus |page=e.T64323866A67730712 |year=2016 |access-date=21 April 2024}}
|taxon = Rubus arcticus
|authority = L. 1753
|synonyms_ref = {{ThePlantList |id=rjp-827 |taxon=Rubus arcticus |authority=L.}}
|synonyms =
- Cylastis arcticus (L.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks.
- Rubus arcticus subsp. humilis (Gladkova) Krassovsk.
- Rubus arcticus var. humilis Gladkova
- Rubus arcticus var. pentaphylloides Hult.
- Manteia acaulis (Michx.) Raf.
- Rubus acaulis Michx.
- Manteia stellata (Sm.) Raf.
- Rubus arcticus var. stellatus (Sm.) B.Boivin
- Rubus stellatus Sm.
|subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
|subdivision =
- R. arcticus subsp. arcticus
- R. arcticus subsp. acaulis
- R. arcticus subsp. stellatus
}}
Rubus arcticus, the Arctic bramble{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17}} or Arctic raspberry,{{cite book |editor1-last=Lee |editor1-first=Sangtae |editor2-last=Chang |editor2-first=Kae Sun |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |year=2015 |publisher=Korea National Arboretum |location=Pocheon |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |page=611 |url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |access-date=7 March 2019 |via=Korea Forest Service}}{{PLANTS|id=RUAR|taxon=Rubus arcticus|accessdate=24 October 2015}} Nagoonberry,{{cite news | last =Mount | first =Emily | title =Nagoonberry: the superstar of Alaska's wild berries | newspaper =Alaska | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =August 23, 2020 | url = https://alaskamagazine.com/authentic-alaska/food-drink/nagoonberry-the-superstar-of-alaskas-wild-berries/ | accessdate =June 30, 2024}} or nectarberry{{citation |author=Kokko, Harri & Kärenlampi, Sirpa |year=1998 |title=Transformation of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens |journal=Plant Cell Reports |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=822–826 |doi= 10.1007/s002990050491|pmid=30736600 |bibcode=1998PCelR..17..822K }} is a species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family, found in Arctic and alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere. It has been used to create hybrid cultivated raspberries, the so-called nectar raspberries.{{citation |journal=Annales Agriculturae Fenniae |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=168–174 |year=1976 |author=H. Hiirsalmi, and J. Säkö |title=The nectar raspberry hybrid Rubus idaeus x Rubus arcticus a new cultivated plant |doi=10.17660/ActaHortic.1976.60.20}}
Description
Rubus arcticus grows most often in acidic soils rich in organic matter. It is a thornless perennial up to {{Convert|30|cm|abbr=off}} tall, woody at the base, but very thin higher above the ground. Flowers are in groups of 1–3, the petals pink, red, or magenta. The fruit is deep red or dark purple, consisting of 10 to 30 drupelets.{{eFloras|2|242345353|Rubus arcticus |family=Rosaceae |last1=Lu |first1=Lingdi |first2=David E. |last2=Boufford}} The plant has an unusual hardiness to frost and cold weather conditions.{{Vague|date=May 2025}}
Distribution and habitat
It grows in Alaska, northern Scandinavia and Finland, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Mongolia, northeastern China, North Korea, Estonia, Lithuania, Canada, and the northern United States as far south as Oregon, Colorado, Michigan, and Maine.{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Rubus arcticus L. - Åkerbär |url=http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/rosa/rubus/rubuarc.html |work=Den Virtuella Floran |publisher=Naturhistoriska riksmuseet |language=Swedish |postscript=: description, ecological information, photos.}}{{BONAP|genus=Rubus|species=arcticus|state=1|date=2014}}{{cite web |title=Rubus arcticus : Nagoon Berry |url=http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Rubus.arctic |website=Central Yukon Species Inventory Project (CYSIP) |publisher=Friends of Dempster Country |postscript=; includes photos, description, line drawing, global distribution map.}} It was historically present in Scotland, last seen in 1850.{{cite web | url=https://plantatlas2020.org/atlas/2cd4p9h.pbf | title=PlantAtlas }}
Uses
The fruits of the Arctic raspberry are considered a delicacy and, among other uses, make jam and liqueur, or flavour tea. Carl von Linné considered the Arctic raspberry – {{Lang|sv|åkerbär}} in Swedish – a great delicacy in his Flora Lapponica (1737). It is also used in Smirnoff Ice and North, and Lignell & Piispanen's Mesimarjalikööri, and Wine fruit of Arctic RaspBerry (Central Arctic in Adub).
In the Pacific Northwest of western Canada and the northwestern US, it is sometimes called the nagoon or nagoonberry, a name derived from the Tlingit {{Lang|tli|neigóon}}. A measure of the quality of its fruit is expressed in its Russian name {{Lang|ru|княженика}} {{Lang|ru-latn|knyazhenika}}, signifying the "berry of princes".{{Cn|date=February 2025}}
Culture
Arctic raspberry is the provincial plant of the Norrbotten province of northern Sweden.{{PFAF}}{{cite web |title=Berry Crops |url=http://www.agronomy.uhi.ac.uk/html/plants/berries.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818171933/http://www.agronomy.uhi.ac.uk:80/html/plants/berries.htm |archive-date=2006-08-18 |publisher=University of the Highlands and Islands |place=Inverness, Scotland}}{{cite journal |last1=Karp |first1=K. |last2=Starast |first2=M. |last3=Värnik |first3=R. |date=1997 |title=The arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) – the most profitable wild berry in Estonia |url=http://www.balticforestry.mi.lt/bf/PDF_Articles/97-3%5B2%5D/The%2520Arctic%2520bramble-the%2520most%2520profitable%2520wild%2520berry%2520in%2520Estonia.pdf |journal=Baltic Forestry |volume=2 |pages=47–52 |postscript=; in English with summary in Russian.}}
See also
- Rubus chamaemorus – Cloudberry
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Rubus arcticus}}
- [http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100377911 photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Finland]
- {{PFAF|Rubus arcticus}}
- {{PFAF|Rubus acaulis}}
- {{PFAF|Rubus stellatus}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q210330}}
Category:Flora of temperate Asia
Category:Flora of Northern America
Category:Flora of the Holarctic realm