Ruby M. Rouss
{{short description|American politician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ruby M. Rouss
| image = Ruby_M._Rouss.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ruby Rouss, 1974
| birth_name = Ruby Margaret Rouss
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1921|12|03}}
| birth_place = Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1988|05|08|1921|12|03}}
| death_place = Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
| burial_place = Kingshill Cemetery, Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
| nationality = American
| other_names = Ruby Rouse
| occupation = US Army Women's Army Corps, politician
| years_active = 1943–1988
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
Ruby M. Rouss (3 December 1921 – 8 May 1988) was an American citizen born on Saint Croix in the US Virgin Islands. Her career was marked by a series of firsts. She was the first Virgin Islander in the Women's Army Corps (WAC), first African-American woman to serve on General Eisenhower’s staff, and first black woman assigned as a permanent staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. After a 20-year military career, she retired from service and became the first woman parole officer in St. Croix. In 1973, she was elected as one of the first women to serve in the Virgin Island's legislature. In 1981, Rouss served as the first female President of the Virgin Islands Legislature, becoming the first black woman to lead a legislature in the United States. She was elected to serve a second presidency of the Senate in 1987 and died the following year. Posthumously, she was inducted into the Virgin Island's Women's Hall of Fame and a housing project in St. Croix was renamed in her honor.
Biography
Ruby Margaret Rouss was born on 3 December 1921{{cite news|author=|title=Officials express sadness at death of senator|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/profile/susun-wilkinson/clipnumber/26142/|access-date=4 February 2016|work=Kingston Gleaner|date=10 May 1988|location=Kingston, Jamaica|page=23}} in Christiansted{{cite web|author=|title=Lt. Governor Francis Praises late Senator Ruby M. Rouss as Housing Complex renamed in her Honor|url=http://ltg.gov.vi/press-releases/lt.-governor-francis-praises-late-senator-ruby-m.-rouss-as-housing-complex-renamed-in-her-9.html|website=Lieutenant Governor Virgin Islands|publisher=Government Press Office|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Christiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands|date=17 June 2008}} on Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands to William and Emmeline Rouse.{{cite web|author=|title=1930 United States Census|url=http://www.mocavo.com/1930-United-States-Census/126213/004955524/36#row-45|website=Mocavo|publisher=US Federal Archives|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Washington, DC|page=4B, image #004955524–36|date=16 April 1930}} Her father was a wharf porter, originally from St. Croix{{cite web|author=|title=1940 US Census, US Virgin Islands, St. Croix, Company Quarter|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-27891-908-37?cc=2000219|website=FamilySearch|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Washington, D.C.|page=7 B., Film #T627|date=6 April 1940}} and her mother, Emmeline (Grant née Clifton){{cite web|author=|title=United States Census, 1920: Virgin Islands, Christiansted, St Croix Island|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-22955-15553-54?cc=1488411|website=FamilySearch|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Washington, D.C.|page=14-A, microfilm #T625|date=8 January 1918}} was from St. Kitts. Rouse attended elementary school and began high school in Christiansted,{{cite news|last1=Galvin|first1=Terry|title=Rouss Marhsals Bureaucrats to Assist Poor pt. 2|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IuxLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uK0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2412%2C3869379|access-date=5 February 2016|publisher=The Virgin Islands Daily News|date=18 August 1980|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=22}} but when she was fifteen, moved to the United States. She lived with her brother Stephen Grant in Manhattan{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Sally|title=Ruby Rouss makes a career of 'firsts'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=757&dat=19730409&id=7a8wAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3819,2380448&hl=en|access-date=4 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |date=9 April 1973|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands}}{{cite web|author=|title=United States Census, 1940: New York|url=https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-27840-1295-57?cc=2000219|website=FamilySearch|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Washington, D.C.|page=61-A, microfilm #T627|date=17 April 1940}} and completed her secondary schooling at Washington Irving High School, in New York City. She later earned an associate degree while in the U.S. Army.
=Military career=
After completing high school in New York, on 23 January 1943,{{cite web|last1=Keiz|first1=R.|title=MATTER OF: Ruby M. Rouss – Family Separation Allowance, File: B-186091|url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/400/399979.pdf|website=Government Accountability Office|publisher=Comptroller General of the United States|access-date=4 February 2016|location=Washington, D. C.|date=10 August 1976}} Rouss joined the Women's Army Corps (WAC), as its first Virgin Islander. She became a member of the drill team at Fort Dix, New Jersey, and was assigned as the first black woman to General Eisenhower’s staff during World War II.{{sfn|Congressional Record|1988|p=11349}} When the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) was organized in 1951,{{sfn|Taylor|2011|p=50}} Rouss was the first black woman permanently assigned to it. In 1953, she married a civilian and continued her service until 1 May 1963, when she was honorably discharged and returned to the Virgin Islands. She was hired by the Harvey Aluminum Plant, the firm's first woman employee, to head the office staff. In 1965, became the first woman parole and probation officer of St. Croix. By 1966, Rouss was divorced and took in a niece to provide for her care. Later that same year, she took in three foster children from the Queen Louise Home for Children.
=Politics=
Rouss became involved in politics almost immediately after returning to St. Croix, participating as a delegate in the 1964 first Constitutional Convention.{{cite news|last1=Buchanan|first1=Carol|title=Christiansted Housing Complex Renamed for Trailblazing Woman|url=http://stcroixsource.com/content/news/local-news/2008/06/17/christiansted-housing-complex-renamed-trailblazing-woman|access-date=5 February 2016|work=St. Croix Source |date=17 June 2008|location=St. Croix, Virgin Islands}}
In 1968, Rouss was the Virgin Island's delegate to the Democratic Convention held in Chicago and served as one of the five black women on the Rules Committee.{{sfn|Bradley|1968|p=24}} Then in 1970, she made her first bid for elected office in the Virgin Islands, running unsuccessfully for a seat in the Senate.{{cite news|author=|title=Ruby Rouss Thanks Voter|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=757&dat=19700929&id=9bsvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5633,1925085&hl=en|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |date=29 September 1970|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=5}} In the 1972 election, Rouss finally succeeded in winning a Senate seat in the 10th legislature, becoming one of the first woman Legislators in the Virgin Islands.{{cite news|author=|title=Ruby Rouss|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=o4NhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jEYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2263%2C985254|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |date=1 August 1980|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands}} She served as chair of the Committee on Health and Welfare and by January 1973 was involved in an investigation of the Insular Training School. That same year, in May, Rouss submitted a report of recommendations to improve services for the children housed there.{{cite news|last1=Cannon|first1=Benit|title=Insular Training School Said Community Disgrace|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=snJSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E0cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6177%2C2943282|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News|date=29 June 1974|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=18}} Two years later, she ran for lieutenant governor, but lost the election. Rouss resigned from her post as probation officer in 1975 after serving for a decade.
In 1976 Rouss ran for reelection as Senator, but came in 6th in the race.{{cite news|last1=Feuerzeig|first1=Penny|title=Brit and Ruby|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M04vAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yEQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1809%2C1809110|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News|date=18 September 1976|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=8}} Two years later, she won again and then went on to serve in 13th, 14th, 16th and 17th legislatures. She opened her term in the 13th legislature by sponsoring a bill to provide financial assistance for tuition or services to parents or guardians of special needs children, if there were no help facilities on their home island.{{cite news|last1=Feuerzeig|first1=Penny|title=Bill Pushes Schools|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1CxIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=u0YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6411%2C2734085|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |date=19 April 1979|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=14}} During the same term, she served as chair of the Committee on Health, chair of the Subcommittee on Corrections and chair of the Subcommittee on Water and Power Authorities. In these capacities, she worked to secure the jobs of mental health workers, investigate unsafe prison conditions, and provide public services for poverty stricken constituents.{{cite news|last1=Galvin|first1=Terry|title=Rouss Marhsals Bureaucrats to Assist Poor pt. 1|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IuxLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uK0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3670%2C3768148|access-date=5 February 2016|work=The Virgin Islands Daily News|date=18 August 1980|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands|page=3}} In the 14th legislature, she was elected as the president of the Senate (1981–1982), becoming the first woman to preside over a legislature in the Virgin Islands{{cite news|last1=Wiggins|first1=Melody|title=13 Inducted Into Women's Hall of Fame|url=http://stcroixsource.com/content/news/local-news/2005/11/20/13-inducted-womens-hall-fame|access-date=5 February 2016|work=St. Croix Source |date=20 November 2005|location=St. Croix, Virgin Islands}} and the "first black woman to head a Legislature in the United States". In 1982, she drove a bill to create the Virgin Islands Bureau of Audit Control in an effort to gain better oversight of the financial management of the island and the secure the autonomy of the Audit Bureau.{{cite news|last1=van Beverhoudt|first1=Steven|title=Why We Need a Truly Independent Office of the Virgin Islands Inspector General|url=http://stthomassource.com/content/commentary/op-ed/2015/04/21/why-we-need-truly-independent-office-virgin-islands-inspector-ge|access-date=5 February 2016|work=St. Thomas Source |date=21 April 2015|location=St. Thomas, Virgin Islands}} That same year, Rouss ran unsuccessfully for governor, but was reelected to the Senate in 1985 and as Senate president in 1987.
Rouss died on 8 May 1988 of complications from diabetes in St. Croix Hospital, Christiansted, St. Croix and was buried in the Kingshill Cemetery in Christiansted. Immediately following her death, she received accolades for her years of service from both the Legislature of the Virgin Islands{{cite web|last1=Redfield II|first1=Holland L.|title=Ruby M. Rouss|url=http://www.hollandredfield.com/sites/default/files/5.9.88%20Ruby%20Margaret%20Rouss.PDF|website=Holland Redfield|publisher=Legislature of the Virgin Islands|access-date=5 February 2016|location=Christiansted, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands|date=9 May 1988}} and the United States Congress.{{sfn|Congressional Record|1988|p=11349}} Posthumously, she was inducted into the Virgin Islands Women's Hall of Fame in 2005. In a ceremony held on 17 June 2008, the Watergut Housing Complex on St. Croix was renamed the Ruby M. Rouss Housing Complex, in her honor.
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Sources
- {{cite journal|last1=Bradley|first1=Valerie|title=Militant Black Women Move|journal=Jet|date=12 September 1968|volume=34|issue=23|pages=22–28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28|publisher=Johnson Publication|location=Chicago, Illinois|issn=0021-5996}}
- {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Congressional Record|1988}}|title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 100th Congress Second Session|date=20 May 1988|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|edition=Volume 134, Part 8|url=https://archive.org/stream/congressionalrec1348unit#page/11348/mode/1up}}
- {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John Reilly|title=The Camp Follower: We all thought that the Cook was the Spy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=172s5mcbZwwC&pg=PA50|year=2011|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|location=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=978-1-4691-3850-3}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rouss, Ruby M.}}
Category:People from Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Category:United States Virgin Islands people of African descent
Category:United States Virgin Islands military personnel
Category:Senators of the Legislature of the United States Virgin Islands
Category:20th-century American legislators
Category:20th-century American women politicians
Category:Deaths from diabetes in the United States