Rundbogenstil

The style was the deliberate creation of German architects seeking a German national style of architecture, particularly Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863).Bergdoll, Barry, European Architecture, 1750-1890, Oxford, 2000, pp. 184-9Kathleen Curran, The Romanesque Revival: Religion, Politics, and Transnational Exchange, Penn State Press, 2003, p. 1 ff.James Stevens Curl, "Rundbogenstil", A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, 2000, Encyclopedia.com [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-Rundbogenstil.html] It emerged in Germany as a response to and reaction against the neo-Gothic style that had come to the fore in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By adopting the smooth facade of late antique and medieval church architecture, it aimed to extend and develop the noble simplicity and quiet grandeur of neo-classicism, while moving in a direction more suited to the rise of industrialism and the emergence of German nationalism. Hallmarks of the style, in addition to the rounded arches from which it takes its name, include "eyebrows" over the windows and inverted crenelation under the eaves.

{{lang|de|Rundbogenstil}} was employed for a number of railway stations, including those in Berlin, Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Munich, Tübingen, and Völklingen. These were typically "first-generation" stations (built between 1835 and 1870); some were razed to be replaced by larger buildings. Those in Berlin, Tübingen, Königs Wusterhausen, Crimmitschau, and Hersfeld are still extant, while the Bavarian station in Leipzig is partially preserved.

{{lang|de|Rundbogenstil}} was widely adopted in Central European synagogue design of the late nineteenth century. The first in this style was the Kassel Synagogue designed by Albrecht Rosengarten, a member of the Jewish congregation in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse, and completed in 1839.Rachel Wischnitzer, The Architecture of the European Synagogue, Philadelphia: JPS, 1964, pp. 197-8 An early example in the United States is the Gates of Heaven Synagogue in Madison, Wisconsin, built in 1863 and designed by August Kutzbock, an immigrant from Bremen, Germany. Kutzbock also (co)designed secular buildings employing {{lang|de|Rundbogenstil}}, such as the Carrie Pierce House (1857) and the Van Slyke/Keenan House (1858) in Madison.

{{lang|de|Rundbogenstil}} architecture was influential in England, with Alfred Waterhouse's buildings for what is now called the Natural History Museum (originally the British Museum Natural History Collection) in London showing a direct and self-conscious emulation of the style.{{cite web| url=http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/NaturalHistoryMuseum/Interior.aspx| title=Interior of the NHM| publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects| access-date=20 May 2024| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053417/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/NaturalHistoryMuseum/Interior.aspx| archive-date=19 January 2012| df=dmy-all}}

File:Synagoge-Kassel-1.jpg|Kassel (1839; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:Friedrichstadt alte synagoge.jpg|Friedrichstadt (1845)

File:Landappbw 157924 1820 Hechinger Synagoge Hechingen.jpg|Hechingen (1850–52; facade 1881)

File:Synagoge Deidesheim.JPG|Deidesheim (1854)

File:Mannheim Synagoge.jpg|Mannheim (1855; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:Kohlhoefen-Synagoge Hamburg.jpg|Hamburg (1859; demolished 1934)

File:Synagogue d'Ihringen Outside.jpg|Ihringen (1860; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:SynagogeKrakowAmSee.JPG|Krakow am See (1866)

File:MeisenheimSynagogeFront2.jpg|Meisenheim (1866)

File:Syna Freiburg.jpg|Freiburg (1870; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:Karlsruhe Synagoge Durm 001.jpg|Karlsruhe (1875; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:Heidelberg- 1878 Synagogue -1895.jpg|Heidelberg (1878; destroyed in the Kristallnacht 1938)

File:Berlin Synagoge Lindenstrasse BusB.jpg|Berlin Lindenstrasse (1890–91; damaged in the Kristallnacht 1938, destroyed 1945)

File:Steinsfurt-synagoge08.jpg|Steinsfurt (1893)

File:Berlin_Synagoge_Rykestrasse_Eingang.JPG|Berlin Rykestrasse (1904)

File:Portikus Bay-bhf leipzig.jpg|Leipzig (Bavarian station) (1842)

File:Alter Bahnhof Kriegstraße.JPG|Karlsruhe (1843)

File:Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Eingangsbereich-49290.jpg|Berlin (Hamburg station) (1846–47)

File:Minden Bahnhof.jpg|Minden (1847)

File:Meyers Universum Band 19 13.jpg|Munich (1849)

File:TübingenHbf.JPG|Tübingen (1861–62)

File:Koenigswusterhausen bahnhof.JPG|Königs Wusterhausen (1866)

File:Crimmitschau Bahnhof.jpg|Crimmitschau (1873)

File:Hersfeld bahnof vorplatz.jpg|Hersfeld (1883)

File:Morse Bldg jeh.JPG|Morse Building on Nassau Street, Manhattan (1878–80)

File:19 (25) Pct 153 E67 jeh.jpg|19th Precinct, 153 East 67th Street, Manhattan

File:South Congregational Church Brooklyn from north.jpg|South Congregational Church, Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn (1857)

File:Paul Robeson Theater 40 Greene Avenue.jpg|Paul Robeson Theater, formerly the Fourth Universalist Church, Fort Greene, Brooklyn (1833–34)

File:French Evangelical Church 126 West 16th St.jpg|French Evangelical Church, formerly the Catholic Apostolic Church, 126 West 16th Street, Manhattan (c.1865)

File:Entrance walk 20180910 140234.jpg|First Reformed Church, rebuilt 1859, Jamaica, Queens

File:Vigadó Concert Hall, Budapest.jpg|Vigadó Concert Hall, Budapest

File:Csokonai Theatre, Debrecen.jpg|Csokonai Theatre, Debrecen

File:Natural History Museum London Jan 2006.jpg|Natural History Museum, London (1864–80)

File:St John Methodist,Hindley.jpg|St John's Methodist Church, Hindley, Greater Manchester (1868)

File:St Catherine's Church, Hoarwithy - geograph.org.uk - 959102.jpg|St Catherine's Church, Hoarwithy (1878–79)

The Rundbogenstil was also widely employed in Belgium, for public buildings as well as for churches. A keen promotor of Neoclassicism and the Rundbogenstil in Belgium was architect Lodewijk Roelandt (1786–1864), who lived in the city of Ghent. Among his achievements in Rundbogenstil are St Anne's Church (Sint-Annakerk (Gent)), the riding school Arena Van Vletingen, both in Ghent, and the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-van-Bijstand-der-Christenenkerk (Sint-Niklaas) at Sint-Niklaas.

• List of architectural styles

Notes

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Rundbogenstil architecture}}

{{Revivals}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Architectural styles

Category:German architectural styles