Russian Republic

{{Short description|Period of Russian history from 1917 to 1918}}

{{for multi|its successor and the constituent republic of the Soviet Union|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|the modern-day country|Russia|its federal subjects|Republics of Russia}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}

{{Infobox country

| conventional_long_name = Russian Republic
{{nobold|{{small|(1917–1918)}}}}
{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Российская Республика}}}}{{efn|Pre-Reform Russian: Россійская Pеспублика}}

---

Russian Democratic Federative
Republic
{{nobold|{{small|(1918)}}}}
{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Российская Демократическая Федеративная Республика}}}}{{efn|Pre-Reform Russian: Россійская Демократическая Федеративная Республика}}

| p1 = Russian Empire

| flag_p2 =

| p2 =

| s1 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian SFSR

| flag_p1 = Flag of Russia.svg

| flag_s1 = Flag_of_Russia_(1918).svg

| flag_s2 = Flag_of_Russia.svg

| s2 = Russian State (1918–1920){{!}}Russian State

| flag_s3 = Flag_of_Russia.svg

| s3 = Transcaucasian Commissariat

| flag_s4 = Flag_of_the_Turkestan_(Kokand)_Autonomy.svg

| s4 = Turkestan Autonomy

| flag_s5 = Flag_of_Alash_Autonomy.svg

| s5 = Alash Autonomy

| flag_s6 = Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg

| s6 = Crimean People's Republic

| flag_s7 = Flag_of_the_Moldavian_Democratic_Republic.svg

| s7 = Moldavian Democratic Republic

| s8 = State of Buryat-Mongolia

| flag_s9 = Flag_of_Autonomous_Siberia.png

| s9 = Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok)

| flag_s10 = Flag_of_Ukraine_(1917–1921).svg

| s10 = Ukrainian People's Republic{{!}}Ukraine

| flag_s11 = Flag_of_Estonia.svg

| s11 = Estonia

| flag_s12 = Flag_of_Provisional_Siberian_Government.svg

| s12 = Yakut revolt (1918){{!}}Yakutia

| flag_s13 = Idel-Ural_flag.svg

| s13 = Idel-Ural State

| flag_s14 = Flag_of_the_Confederated_Republic_of_Altai.svg

| s14 = Karakorum Government

| flag_s15 = Flag_of_Belarus_(1918,_1991–1995).svg

| s15 = Belarusian Democratic Republic{{!}}Belarus

| flag_s16 = Flag_of_Green_Ukraine.svg

| s16 = Green Ukraine

| flag_s17 = Flag_of_the_Mountain_Republic.svg

| s17 = Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus{{!}}United Republics of Northern Caucasus

| flag_s18 = Flag_of_Russia.svg

| s18 = Regional Government of Northwest Russia

| flag_s19 = Flag_of_Latvia.svg

| s19 = Latvia#Declaration of independence and interwar period{{!}}Latvia

| flag_s20 = Flag_of_Lithuania_(1918).svg

| s20 = Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)

| flag_s21 = Flag_of_Kuban_People's_Republic.svg

| s21 = Kuban People's Republic{{!}}Kuban

| image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg

| flag = Flag of Russia

| other_symbol =

100px

| other_symbol_type = Government Seal and Coat of Arms (1917){{nobold|:}}

| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Russian Republic (1917).svg

| symbol = Coat of arms of Russia

| national_anthem = {{lang|ru|Рабочая Марсельеза}}
{{transliteration|ru|Rabochaya Marsel'yeza}}
"Worker's Marseillaise"{{parabr}}{{center|File:Рабочая Марсельеза (1917).ogg}}{{parabr}}{{lang|ru|Гимн Свободной России}}
{{transliteration|ru|Gimn Svobodnoy Rossii}}
"Anthem of Free Russia" (Unofficial){{parabr}}{{center|File:The hymn of free Russia (Oreshkevich, 1917).opus}}{{parabr}}

| image_map = Map of the Russian Republic with declared autonomies.png

| image_map_caption = Under control shortly before the October Revolution

| capital = Petrograd

| largest_city = capital

| common_languages = Russian

| government_type = Russian provisional government (1917)
Federal parliamentary directorial republic under a provisional government (1917–1918)

| title_leader = Minister-Chairman

| leader1 = {{nowrap|Alexander Kerensky{{Efn|Served as the prime minister of the provisional government from July 1917}}}}

| year_leader1 = September–November 1917

| leader2 = none{{Efn|De facto power seized by the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin}}

| year_leader2 = 1917–1918

| title_deputy = {{longitem|Chairman of the Constituent Assembly}}

| deputy1 = Viktor Chernov

| year_deputy1 = 18–19 January 1918

| legislature = Provisional Council (1917)
none (1917–1918)
{{nowrap|Constituent Assembly{{Efn|Dissolved after the first meeting}}}} (1918)

| era = {{nowrap|World War I / Russian
Revolution}}

| event_pre = Kornilov affair

| date_pre = 10–13 September 1917

| event_start = Republic proclaimed

| date_start = 1 September

| year_start = 1917

| year_end = 1918

| event1 = October Revolution

| date_event1 = 7 November 1917

| event2 = Assembly elected

| date_event2 = 25 November 1917

| event3 = Constitution adopted

| date_event3 = 18 January 1918

| event_end = {{nowrap|Constituent Assembly}}
dissolved

| date_end = 19 January

| currency = Ruble

| demonym = Russian

}}

{{History of Russia}}

{{Julian calendar}}

The Russian Republic,{{Efn|{{lang-rus|Российская Республика|r=Rossiyskaya Respublika|p=rɐˈsʲijskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə}}.}} referred to as the Russian Democratic Federative Republic{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Российская Демократическая Федеративная Республика|Rossiyskaya Demokraticheskaya Federativnaya Respublika}}.}} in the 1918 Constitution, was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, {{abbrlink|N.S.|New Style}}) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.[http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=1112 The Russian Republic Proclaimed] at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017

The government of the Russian Republic was dissolved after the Bolsheviks seized power by force on 7 November 1917. Nonetheless, a partially democratic election of the Constituent Assembly still took place later in November. On 18 January 1918, this assembly issued a decree, proclaiming Russia a democratic federal republic, but was also dissolved by the Bolsheviks on the next day after the proclamation.{{cite web |last1=Ikov |first1=Marat Sal |title=Round Table the Influence of National Relations on the Development of the Federative State Structure and on the Social and Political Realities of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.prof.msu.ru/publ/book/round1.htm |website=Prof.Msu.RU |access-date=9 February 2021 |quote="However, historically, the first proclamation of the federation was made somewhat earlier - by the Constituent Assembly of Russia. In his short resolution of January 6 (18), 1918, the following was enshrined: "In the name of the peoples, the state of the Russian constituent, the All-Russian Constituent Assembly decides: the Russian state is proclaimed by the Russian Democratic Federal Republic, uniting peoples and regions in an indissoluble union, within the limits established by the federal constitution, Of course, the above resolution, which did not thoroughly regulate the entire system of federal relations, was not considered by the authorities as having legal force, especially after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly."}}

The Bolsheviks also used the name "Russian Republic" until the official name "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic" was adopted in the Constitution of July 1918. The term is sometimes used erroneously for the period between the abdication of the Emperor Nicholas II on 3 March 1917 (16 March, N.S.) and the declaration of the Russian Republic in September. However, during that period the status of the Russian political system was unresolved, left up to be decided by a future elected Constituent Assembly.{{Cite book |last=Beevor |first=Antony |authorlink=Antony Beevor |title=Russia: Revolution and Civil War, 1917–1921 |year=2022 |publisher=Penguin |page=46 |isbn= 9780593493885 }}